HiC

OBJECTIVE: Occupant impact safety is critical for train development. This paper proposes a systematic procedure for developing validated numerical occupant crash scenarios for high-speed trains by integrating experimental, computational, and inverse methods. METHODS: As the train interior is the most potentially injury-causing factor, the material properties were acquired by mechanical tests, and constitutive models were calibrated using inverse methods. The validity of the seat material constitutive model was further verified via drop tower tests...

Palliative radiotherapy (RT) effectively relieves pain in patients with bone metastases (BMs). Furthermore, several clinical trials, in most cases conducted in high-income countries (HICs), proved that single-fraction RT is equally effective compared to multi-fractionated RT. However, the evidence is scarce regarding low/middle-income countries (LMICs), where the diagnosis of BMs could be later and RT techniques less advanced. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the efficacy of palliative RT of BMs in the LMIC setting...

BACKGROUND: Perforation of peptic ulcer (PPU) is the most morbid complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) with scant recent reports from sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to describe a PPU series from a single centre in South Africa and contrast the findings with other recent reports from sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: A retrospective study of PPU at Kalafong Hospital in Pretoria was performed. The relationship of patient demographics, risk factors, ulcer pathology and severity scores to mortality were analysed...

BACKGROUND: How pediatric medulloblastoma patients fare in Lower Middle-Income Country (LMICs) in South America is not well understood. Correspondingly, the aim of this study was to summarize the pediatric neurosurgical experience of an institution in La Paz, and compare outcomes to that of a generalized High Income Country (HIC) United States (US) experience. METHODS: A retrospective review of all pediatric neurosurgical medulloblastoma patients at the Children's Hospital of La Paz, Bolivia (Hospital del Niño "Dr...

BACKGROUND: Health research that significantly impacts global clinical practice and policy is often published in high-impact factor (IF) medical journals. These outlets play a pivotal role in the worldwide dissemination of novel medical knowledge. However, researchers identifying as women and those affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have been largely underrepresented in high-IF journals across multiple fields of medicine. To evaluate disparities in gender and geographical representation among authors who have published in any of five top general medical journals, we conducted scientometric analyses using a large-scale dataset extracted from the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) , Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) , The British Medical Journal (BMJ) , The Lancet , and Nature Medicine ...

Protein glutaminase (PG), originating from Chryseobacterium proteolyticum, can catalyze the deamidation of glutamine residues in plant proteins into glutamic acid, thus enhancing its functional properties. However, the low yield of PG limits its industrial production. In this study, the yield of PG in C. proteolyticum TM1040 increased by 121 %, up to 7.30 U/mL in a 15 L fermenter after medium optimization. Subsequently, purified PG was obtained by cation exchange chromatography (CEX) coupled with hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)...

While low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Southern and Eastern Africa, bear the largest burden of the HIV globally, investigators working on the front lines in these regions are leading a limited number of research efforts, particularly related to HIV cure. Conducting HIV cure research in high-burden HIV LIMCs provides an unparalleled opportunity to formulate innovative research strategies, design trials tailored to the local context, evaluate clinical outcomes within key and vulnerable populations, meaningful involvement of stakeholders, and to shape policies in areas where HIV prevention and cure interventions can yield the most significant impact...

Background Immigrants to the United States, on average, accumulate cardiovascular risk after resettlement, including obesity. There is a need to co-create interventions to address these disparities, and mood may be an important mediating factor. Methods The Healthy Immigrant Community (HIC) study, set in southeast Minnesota, enrolled 475 adult participants in a weight loss intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk. Baseline questionnaires assessed mood, nutrition, physical activity, self-efficacy for healthy eating and physical activity, social support, and cohesion...

BACKGROUND: Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has revolutionized cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment. However, previous research has demonstrated profound global disparities in diagnosis and treatment access. If unaddressed, these threaten to widen existing health inequities. Therefore, in this analysis we aimed to reappraise gaps and evaluate progress in diagnosis and treatment equity in high-income (HIC) versus low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS: Estimates of the global CF population were made in 158 countries using patient registries, systematic literature searches, and an international survey of 14 CF experts...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transfusion safety may be becoming dependent on the financial resources made available for transfusion structures and may vary between high-income countries (HIC) and low-to-middle-income countries (LMIC). To assess whether there is a difference in the reported TR between these two groups of countries, we examined TR reported in Tunis the capital of Tunisia, a LMIC, and compared their frequency with reported TR in HIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of TR were collected from transfusion incident report (TIR) forms declared by healthcare facilities in Tunis between 2015 and 2019...

IMPORTANCE: Scientific publication is an important tool for knowledge dissemination and career advancement, but authors affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are historically underrepresented on publications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the country income level distribution of author affiliations for publications resulting from National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported extramural grants between 2015 and 2019, with international collaborating institutions exclusively in 1 or more LMICs...

Urothelial damage and barrier dysfunction emerge as the foremost mechanisms in Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC). Although treatments aimed at urothelial regeneration and repair have been employed, their therapeutic effectiveness remains limited due to the inadequate understanding of specific cell types involved in damage and the lack of specific molecular targets within these mechanisms. Therefore, we harnessed single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the heterogeneity and developmental trajectory of urothelial cells within HIC bladders...

BACKGROUND: Successful implementation of stroke rehabilitation guidelines demands high-quality practice standards tailored to targeted sociodemographic contexts. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a scoping review to determine the quality differences in post-stroke rehabilitation practice guidelines (PGs), when comparing high-income countries (HIC) and low or middle-income countries (LMIC). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: PGs available in English or Spanish between 2012 and 2021, providing recommendations on post-stroke rehabilitation...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health challenge. For several years, AMR has been addressed through a One Health approach that links human health, animal health, and environmental quality. In this review, we discuss AMR in different reservoirs with a focus on the environment. Anthropogenic activities produce effluents (sewage, manure, and industrial wastes) that contaminate soils and aquatic environments with antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), and selective agents such as antibiotics, biocides, and heavy metals...

Adopting a plant-based diet (PBD) has been shown to reduce the risk of developing certain diseases and is linked to environmental benefits. This review synthesises the evidence on the barriers adults aged 18 to 65 living in high-income countries (HIC) may experience when adopting a PBD. A systematic literature review was conducted using four search databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health, and Web of Science. Barriers were mapped to behaviour change strategies using the COM-B model. Ten studies were included in the final review, including 1740 participants...

Objectives: With the increasing prevalence of dementia worldwide, there is a growing need for an integrated approach to dementia care. Little is known at present about the benefits of educational interventions for informal caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aimed to identify and synthesise the current research on these interventions. Method: Four databases (PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Sciences and Scopus) were searched, alongside Google Scholar and reference lists...

BACKGROUND: In the dynamic field of pharmacy amongst a diverse array of countries with disparate income levels, pharmacists play a pivotal role in integrating emerging scientific knowledge into their practice while adapting to evolving therapeutic interventions and expanding service delivery responsibilities. Lifelong Learning (LLL) is cultivated through continuing professional education (CPE) and continuing professional development (CPD), indispensable components ensuring sustained professional competence and heightened patient care quality...

Aggregates are recognized as one of the most critical product-related impurities in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapeutics due to their negative impact on the stability and safety of the drugs. So far, investigational efforts have primarily focused on understanding the causes and effects of mAb self-aggregation, including both internal and external factors. In this study, we focused on understanding mAb stability in the presence of its monovalent fragment, formed through hinge cleavage and loss of one Fab unit (referred to as "Fab/c"), a commonly observed impurity during manufacturing and stability...

With the development of intelligent vehicle technology, the probability of road traffic accidents occurring has been effectively reduced to a certain extent. However, there is still insufficient research on head injuries in human vehicle collisions, making it impossible to effectively predict pedestrian head injuries in accidents. To study the efficacy of a combined active and passive safety system on pedestrian head protection through the combined effect of the exterior airbag and the braking control systems of an intelligent vehicle, a "vehicle-pedestrian" interaction system is constructed in this study and is verified by real collision cases...

Traditional gene set enrichment analysis falters when applied to large genomic domains, where neighboring genes often share functions. This spatial dependency creates misleading enrichments, mistaking mere physical proximity for genuine biological connections. Here we present Spatial Adjusted Gene Ontology (SAGO), a novel cyclic permutation-based approach, to tackle this challenge. SAGO separates enrichments due to spatial proximity from genuine biological links by incorporating the genes' spatial arrangement into the analysis...