Colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTION: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is often placed as a treatment for hydrocephalus. Additionally, it is also not uncommon to perform laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer with a VP shunt in place. It is very rare for colorectal cancer to metastasize to an implanted VP shunt. We report a case of VP shunt-related metastasis of the ascending colon that was successfully resected. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 79-year-old man who had a VP shunt for hydrocephalus two years earlier underwent laparoscopic right colectomy for ascending colon cancer...

BACKGROUND & AIM: Hereditary factors play a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identification of germline predisposition can have implications on treatment and cancer prevention. To determine prevalence of pathogenic germline variants (PGV) in CRC patients using an universal testing approach, association with clinical outcomes and the uptake of family variant testing. DESIGN: We undertook a prospective multi-site study of germline sequencing using an >80 gene NGS platform among CRC patients (not selected for age or family history) receiving care at Mayo Clinic Cancer Centers between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020...

Despite recent advances in therapy, colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of death in affected people. Curcumin is the main bioactive compound of turmeric that has been demonstrated as an effective agent against cancer. However, its poor stability and bioavailability limit therapeutic application. We previously showed that delivery of curcumin by using gemini surfactant nanoparticles called gemini curcumin (Gemini-Cur) could improve its solubility, uptake and toxic effect on breast and ovarian cancer cells...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Postpolypectomy bleeding is the most common adverse event with pedunculated polyps. We clarified the endoscopic characteristics influencing postpolypectomy bleeding for pedunculated colonic polyps. METHODS: We reviewed clinical data for 1147 pedunculated colonic polyps removed by polypectomy in 5 Japanese institutions. Pedunculated polyps were defined as polyps with a stalk length ≥5 mm. Analyzed clinical data were age, sex, polyp location/size, stalk length/width, prophylactic clipping or endoloop before polypectomy, injecting the stalk, closing the polypectomy site, antithrombotic agent use, and endoscopist experience...

BACKGROUND: Previous works have shown that risk factors for some kinds of cancer depend on people's lifestyle (e.g. rural or urban residence). This article looks into this, seeking relationships between cancer, age group, gender and population in the region of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). METHODS: The dataset analysed was made up of 3,408 cancer episodes between 2012 and 2014, extracted from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PCR) for Lleida province...

Histotripsy is a non-invasive, non-ionizing, and non-thermal focused ultrasound ablation method that is currently being developed for the treatment of liver cancer. Promisingly, histotripsy has been shown for ablating primary (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) and metastatic (colorectal liver metastasis, CLM) liver tumors in preclinical and early clinical studies. The feasibility of treating cholangiocarcinoma (CC), a less common primary liver tumor that arises from the bile ducts, has not been explored previously...

INTRODUCTION: Many sociodemographic factors affect women's ability to meet cancer screening guidelines. Our objective was to examine which sociodemographic characteristics were associated with women meeting US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening. METHODS: We used 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to examine the association between sociodemographic variables, such as race/ethnicity, rurality, education, and insurance status, and self-reported cancer screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer...

BACKGROUND: Oncologic outcomes for colon cancer are optimal when chemotherapy is started within 6 to 8 weeks after surgery. The study objective was to investigate the impact of operative modality and urgency on the time interval from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: This is a retrospective institutional tumor registry cohort study of open and laparoscopic/robotic colorectal resections for stage II-IV cancer between April 2010 and January 2018. Primary outcome was time from surgery to chemotherapy...

PURPOSE: Little is known about difference between synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC) and metachronous colorectal cancer (MCRC) despite the relevance for this selected patient group. The aim of this retrospective review was to analyze patients with SCRC and MCRC. METHODS: All patients who underwent surgery for SCRC and MCRC between 1982 and 2019 were included in this retrospective analysis of our tertiary referral center. Clinical, histological, and molecular genetic characteristics were analyzed...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Interventional oncology (IO) loco-regional treatments are widely utilized in clinical practice. However, local tumor control rates are still widely variable. There is a need to identify and develop novel biomarkers prognosticators following IO therapies. Here, we review the current literature on molecular tumor biomarkers in IO, mainly focusing on patients with liver and lung cancers. RECENT FINDINGS: RAS mutation is a prognosticator for patients with colorectal liver metastases...

BACKGROUND: Aim is to report our experience in the management of complications after laparoscopic left hemicolectomy (LLH) after the incorporation in our clinical practice of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (FA). METHODS: In our last period after incorporation of ICG-FA, 277 unselected consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery with this technology. Ninety-seven (35%) right hemicolectomy, 19 segmental resection of the splenic flexure (6...

Emergent scientific evidence indicates the central role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in determining whether the microenvironment of cancer works as friend or foe of the host; however, there is no unified histological evaluation framework of fibrotic stroma in colorectal cancers. Myxoid stroma and keloid-like collagen are site-specific histopathological features generated by cancer-associated fibroblasts, which appear exclusively in the tumor front during desmoplastic reaction. On the basis of these two stromal components, desmoplastic reaction is categorized into three patterns-immature, intermediate and mature-using hematoxylin and eosin staining...

BACKGROUND: In recent decades there has been growing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath as biomarkers for the diagnosis of multiple variants of cancer. This review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and current status of VOC analysis in exhaled breath for the detection of cancer in the digestive tract. METHODS: PubMed and the Cochrane Library database were searched for VOC analysis studies, in which exhaled air was used to detect gastro-oesophageal, liver, pancreatic, and intestinal cancer in humans, Quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2 criteria...

Consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) are emerging as critical factor for prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Gene regulators, including chromatin regulator, RNA-binding protein and transcriptional factor, are critical modulators of cancer hallmark, yet little is known regarding the underlying functional mechanism in CMSs. Herein, we identified a core set of 235 functional gene regulators (FGRs) by integrating genome, epigenome, transcriptome and interactome of CMSs. FGRs exhibited significant multi-omics alterations and impacts on cell lines growth, as well as significantly enriched cancer driver genes and pathways...

~50% of colorectal cancers have an activating mutation in KRAS (encoding the KRAS proto-oncogene) and remain difficult to target in the clinic. We have recently shown that activation of KRAS protein alters the regulation of mRNA translation, increasing total protein synthesis, and maintaining elevated c-MYC (MYC proto-oncogene) expression. Targeting these pathways downstream of KRAS reveals a striking dependency that has potential for clinical translation.

Cancer metastasis is the major cause of death from cancer (Massague and Obenauf, 2016; Steeg, 2016). The extensive genetic heterogeneity and cellular plasticity of metastatic tumors set a prime barrier for the current cancer treatment protocols (Boumahdi and de Sauvage, 2020). In addition, acquired therapy resistance has become an insurmountable obstacle that abolishes the beneficial effects of numerous anti-cancer regimens (De Angelis et al., 2019; Boumahdi and de Sauvage, 2020). Here we report that deficiency of Ku leads to the exploitation of host cells in human cancer cell line models...

Purpose: Tumor metastasis seriously affects the survival of patients. In recent years, some studies confirmed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) played an essential role in tumor progression. A few studies reported that LINC01296 acted as an oncogenic regulator of cancer. However, its in-depth specific biological mechanism in tumor metastasis is still unknown. Methods: Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of LINC01296 and miR-141-3p in NSCLC, CRC tissues and cell lines, and the dual luciferase report was used to evaluate the relationship between LINC01296, miR-141-3p and ZEB1/ZEB2 relationship...

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of combination of methylated SFRP2 and methylated SDC2 (SpecColon test) in stool specimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) early detection and to optimize the cut-off value of methylated SFRP2 and methylated SDC2 . Methods: Approximately 5 g of stool specimen each was collected from 420 subjects (291 in the training cohort and 129 in the validation cohort). Stool DNA was extracted and bisulfite-converted, followed by detection of methylated level of SFRP2 and SDC2 ...

Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) - in particular, the proteasome complex - has emerged as an attractive novel cancer therapy. While several proteasome inhibitors have been successfully approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors is unexpectedly lower in the treatment of solid tumors due to the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes in solid tumors. There are ongoing trials to examine the effectiveness of compound and novel proteasome inhibitors that can target solid tumors either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents...

Background: Several epidemiological studies have assessed the association of sugary drinks consumption with cancer, but the results remain controversial. Objective: We performed this analysis to evaluate possible causal relationship between sugary drinks consumption and cancer risk and mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases in English. Observational studies evaluating the association of sugary drinks intake with cancer were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the risk estimates...