Colorectal cancer

Microbiota colonize exposed body tissues (e.g., gastrointestinal tract, skin, lungs, female genital tract, and urogenital tracts) and unexposed sites (e.g., breast). Persistent bacterial infection in the host lead to the development of multiple disease. They are implicated in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and malignant diseases. Amounting studies have demonstrated the role of bacterial infection in carcinogenesis...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and poses a major burden on the human health worldwide. At the moment, treatment of CRC consists of surgery in combination with (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. More recently, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have also been approved for CRC treatment. In addition, recent studies have shown that radiotherapy and ICBs act synergistically, with radiotherapy stimulating the immune system that is activated by ICBs. However, both treatments are also associated with severe toxicity and efficacy issues, which can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of these treatment programs...

Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services initiated annual wellness visits (AWV) to reduce healthcare costs and improve preventive healthcare for beneficiaries. Provider time constraints and varying preferences to perform AWVs have limited its clinical implementation in some areas, affording pharmacists an opportunity to expand their role. Objective: To evaluate patient adherence to pharmacist recommendations for vaccinations and preventive screenings in an annual wellness visit service at a family medicine clinic in northeast Mississippi...

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in Michigan, but not all Michigan adults had appropriate CRC screening. Objective: To assess the relationship between rurality and age on CRC screenings to inform how pharmacists could focus their efforts to educate, facilitate, or offer CRC health screenings. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study using 2018 Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (MiBRFSS) survey data. Michigan participants aged ≥ 50 years were included...

BACKGROUND: Immune status is widely acknowledged as a valuable marker for predicting cancer prognosis and therapy response. However, there has been a limited understanding of the stromal landscape in cancer. METHODS: By employing ESTIMATE, stromal- and immune-scores were inferred for 6193 tumor samples spanning 12 cancer types sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Subsequently, the samples were categorized into seven groups based on their stromal and immune scores...

Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common cause of inherited colorectal cancer and the increases risk of developing extracolonic cancers. We present the first case of pediatric-onset LS with recurrent adenomatous colonic polyps presenting with rectal prolapse. This case highlights the importance of considering polyposis syndromes such as LS as possible diagnoses for pediatric patients who present with colorectal adenomatous polyps, as well as the need to consider immunohistochemical staining of polyps for mismatch repair protein expression in pediatric populations to rule out LS as a diagnosis...

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is currently the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract. In the early stages, surgical or radiotherapy treatment offers high survival rates and excellent prognosis, although late recurrences have been described. Recurrences of endometrial adenocarcinoma are more frequent in the vaginal vault; however, implants are sometimes detected in the serosa of the colon and rectum, resulting in extrinsic compression. Here, we present the case of a 77-year-old patient with a clinical history of hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy, and double adnexectomy for endometrial adenocarcinoma (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Ia)...

Background Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) continues to rank as the second deadliest cancer on the global scale. CRC diagnosed at metastatic (stage IV) makes treatment strategies more challenging. Even though there are numerous therapeutic options available, the side effects of these treatments threaten the human health. Therefore, we are in the phase of searching new molecules that are less harmful and cost-effective. The common source of many pharmaceutical medications is plants. This study focuses on virtually screening phytochemicals from Conium maculatum as potential inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a crucial target in cancer therapy...

Endoscopic submucosal dissection enables en bloc resection of large superficial colorectal neoplasms. However, it is sometimes challenging to retrieve a large resected specimen via the anus without sample fragmentation. A novel "bag-type" retrieval device has been developed to accomplish complete isolation and non-destructive delivery of oversized specimens. This single-center retrospective study was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of this device for large colorectal resected specimens. Among 17 patients, we identified 18 superficial colorectal lesions for which the use of a novel retrieval device (Endo Carry Large Type) was indicated at specimen delivery at a referral cancer institute from March 2021 to July 2022...

Here we reported a particular case of MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) that had only one rare heterozygous variant, but some particular clinical manifestations contributed to occur in this male patient by only one defective MUTYH allele were worth of further investigation. We reported a case of MAP. It is about a 33-year-old man with chief complaints of hematochezia who had multiple polyps that were found in his colon via colonoscopy. He followed his doctor's advice and performed a genetic analysis examination...

PURPOSE: It was aimed at assessing the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with node-negative colorectal cancer (CRC) either with or without perineural invasion (PNI). METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception through October 1, 2023. Survival outcomes were analyzed using hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) chemoprevention in the high-risk population for colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the caliber of the included literature by searching five databases for randomized controlled trials of DFMO chemoprevention in the high-risk population of CRC, with RevMan 5.4, Stata 15.0 and TSA 0.9.5.10 employed to statistically analyze the extracted data. Grade profiler 3...

The Neo RAS phenomenon is defined as the conversion of tumor RAS status from mutant-type (MT) to wild-type (WT) after systemic chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, is effective in patients with RAS WT mCRC but ineffective in those with RAS MT mCRC; however, its outcome in patients with Neo RAS WT mCRC is unclear. Herein, we report two cases of Neo RAS WT mCRC that responded clinically to anti-EGFR treatment. The first was a 40-year-old man with synchronous peritoneal metastatic rectosigmoid cancer...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of motivational interviewing to promote fecal immunochemical test (FIT) uptake among average-risk Chinese older adults and to preliminarily examine its effects on the knowledge level, perceived barriers to and benefits of the FIT, self-efficacy in screening, screening intention and FIT uptake. METHODS: A one-group pre-test and post-test study design was adopted. A motivational interviewing intervention using face-to-face and telephone approaches was delivered to average-risk Chinese older adults aged 50-75 years...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. At the advanced stage of colorectal cancer, cancer cells migrate with the blood to the liver from the hepatic portal vein, eventually resulting in a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). To date, the progression of the early onset of PVTT [portal vein microthrombus (PVmT) induced by tumors] is unclear. Herein, we developed an on-chip PVmT model by loading the spheroid of colorectal cancer cells into the portal vein of a hepatic lobule chip (HLC). On the HLC, the progression of PVmT was presented, and early changes in metabolites of hepatic cells and in structures of hepatic plates and sinusoids induced by PVmT were analyzed...

Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. gallolyticus (SGG) is a gut pathobiont involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To decipher SGG contribution in tumor initiation and/or acceleration respectively, a global transcriptome was performed in human normal colonic cells (FHC) and in human tumoral colonic cells (HT29). To identify SGG-specific alterations, we chose the phylogenetically closest relative, Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus (SGM) as control bacterium. We show that SGM, a bacterium generally considered as safe, did not induce any transcriptional changes on the two human colonic cells...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer among both men and women and is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. It is important to identify risk factors that may be used to help reduce morbidity and mortality of the disease. We used a case-control study design to explore the association between CRC, polygenic risk scores (PRS), and other factors. We extracted data about 2,585 CRC cases and 9,362 controls from the UK Biobank, calculated the PRS for these cases and controls based on 140 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and performed logistic regression analyses for the 11,947 cases and controls, for an older group (ages 50+), and for a younger group (younger than 50)...

The incidence of cancer in acromegaly patients may be higher than that in the general population, although this has not been fully elucidated yet. This study analyzed the risk of various important types of cancer in acromegaly patients. The study was registered in INPLASY (registration number: INPLASY202340037). The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, from the time of database inception up to June 30, 2022. All observational studies of acromegaly patients with cancer were included, without language restrictions...

IMPORTANCE: The understanding of the association between KRAS sequence variation status and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) has evolved over time. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association of age at onset, tumor sidedness, and KRAS sequence variation with survival among patients diagnosed with CRC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database...

DESCRIPTION: In this Clinical Practice Update (CPU), we provide guidance on the appropriate use of different polypectomy techniques. We focus on polyps <2 cm in size that are most commonly encountered by the practicing endoscopist, including use of classification systems to characterize polyps and various polypectomy methods. We review characteristics of polyps that require complex polypectomy techniques and provide guidance on which types of polyps require more advanced management by a therapeutic endoscopist or surgeon...