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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan McSorley
DESIGN: This study by Laky et al. is a single-centre, double-blinded randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial, examining the effects of micronutrient supplementation in combination with non-surgical hygiene phase therapy (nsHPT) for Stage III and IV periodontal disease. The study was carried out at the Medical University of Vienna (Austria), School of Dentistry. The patients enrolled in the study were randomised to receive a commercially available multi-nutrient supplement (containing: vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, alpha-lipoic-acid, cranberry extract, grapeseed extract, and coenzyme Q10) or a cellulose placebo to take for 2 months, alongside a course of non-surgical hygiene phase therapy...
May 2, 2024: Evidence-based Dentistry
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul M Cinciripini, Charles E Green, Sanjay Shete, Jennifer A Minnix, Jason D Robinson, Yong Cui, Seokhun Kim, George Kypriotakis, Diane Beneventi, Janice A Blalock, Francesco Versace, Maher Karam-Hage
IMPORTANCE: Most people who smoke do not quit on their initial attempt. OBJECTIVE: To determine the best subsequent strategy for nonabstinence following initial treatment with varenicline or combined nicotine replacement therapy (CNRT). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial, 490 volunteers were randomized to receive 6 weeks of varenicline or CNRT. After 6 weeks, nonabstainers were rerandomized to continue, switch, or increase medication dosage for 6 additional weeks...
May 2, 2024: JAMA
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anjali Singh, Narsingh Verma, Surya Kant, Ajay K Verma, Adarsh Tripathi, Kshitij Bhardwaj
Background Tobacco is prevalently used in smoking or smokeless forms and remains a major public health concern worldwide, with its adverse effects on overall health. Omega-3 fatty acid (FA) has shown its promising effects in various health conditions. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of flaxseed oil (omega-3 supplementation) on tobacco dependence, craving, withdrawal symptoms, and haematological parameters in tobacco users. Methods In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 104 tobacco users (54 in the omega-3 group and 50 in the placebo group) were supplemented with 10 ml of food-grade flaxseed oil and 10 ml of placebo for six months, respectively...
March 2024: Curēus
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew P Gunn, Gregory M Rose, Alexis E Whitton, Diego A Pizzagalli, David G Gilbert
INTRODUCTION: The neural underpinnings underlying individual differences in nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity and smoking progression are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated whether brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) during smoking abstinence predicts nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity and smoking progression in young light smokers. We hypothesized that high rsFC between brain areas with high densities of nicotinic receptors (insula, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], hippocampus, thalamus) and areas involved in reward-seeking (nucleus accumbens [NAcc], prefrontal cortex [PFC]) would predict nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity and smoking progression...
April 16, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyung-Joo Oh, Suk-Chul Bae, In-Jae Oh, Cheol-Kyu Park, Kyoung-Mi Jung, Da-Mi Kim, Jung-Won Lee, Chang Kyun Kang, Il Yeong Park, Young-Chul Kim
PURPOSE: RUNX3 is a tumor suppressor gene, which is inactivated in approximately 70% of lung adenocarcinomas. Nicotinamide, a sirtuin inhibitor, has demonstrated potential in re-activating epigenetically silenced RUNX3 in cancer cells. This study assessed the therapeutic benefits of combining nicotinamide with first-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for patients with stage IV lung cancer carrying EGFR mutations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assessed the impact of nicotinamide on carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinomas in mice and observed that nicotinamide increased RUNX3 levels and inhibited lung cancer growth...
April 9, 2024: Clinical Cancer Research
#6
REVIEW
Yubin Song, Yoon-A Park, Da Hoon Lee, Jeong Yee, Hye Sun Gwak
Smoking cessation medications have the potential to affect the functioning of the nervous system, leading to sleep disturbances. Our study aimed to compare the sleep-related side effects (such as insomnia, abnormal dreams, nightmares, and somnolence) induced by different smoking cessation medications in non-psychiatric smokers. We conducted a thorough search of five electronic databases (Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) for randomized controlled trials. This study was registered with the PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022347976)...
March 29, 2024: Psychiatry Research
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laurynas Mockeliunas, Rob C van Wijk, Caryn M Upton, Jonathan Peter, Andreas H Diacon, Ulrika S H Simonsson
(1) Background: Some individuals are more susceptible to developing respiratory tract infections (RTIs) or coronavirus disease (COVID-19) than others. The aim of this work was to identify risk factors for symptomatic RTIs including COVID-19 and symptomatic COVID-19 during the coronavirus pandemic by using infection incidence, participant baseline, and regional COVID-19 burden data. (2) Methods: Data from a prospective study of 1000 frontline healthcare workers randomized to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination or placebo, and followed for one year, was analyzed...
March 19, 2024: Vaccines
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunfei Li, Hua Zhang, Hitesh Pandya, Liyan Miao, Fred Reid, Eulalia Jimenez, Muhammad Waqas Sadiq, Rachel Moate, Alejhandra Lei, Xiao-Hong Zhou, Chris Kell, Junjie Ding, Guanlin Zhang, Lina Zhao, Xiaoyun Ge
Tozorakimab is a high-affinity human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes interleukin (IL)-33, an IL-1 family cytokine. This phase 1, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study (NCT05070312) evaluated tozorakimab in a healthy Chinese population. Outcomes included the characterization of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and immunogenicity of tozorakimab. Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and clinical laboratory, electrocardiogram, and vital sign parameters...
March 25, 2024: Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annisa D Harlivasari, Agus D Susanto, Feni F Taufik, Tribowo T Ginting
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco smoking remains a health concern, especially in developing countries. Nicotine is significantly linked to many cancers and even second-hand exposure. Hence, smoking can increase the risk of lung and heart disease. This makes quitting smoking important and challenging. Success tends to rise by achieving abstinence with assisted pharmacology. These treatments aim to reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. This is a preclinical trial on glutamate modulator in N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a new potential treatment for smoking cessation...
February 2024: Curēus
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elsa Dent, Jack Dalla Via, Trent Bozanich, Emiel O Hoogendijk, Abadi K Gebre, Cassandra Smith, Kun Zhu, Richard L Prince, Joshua R Lewis, Marc Sim
Frailty is associated with declines in physiological capacity across sensory, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. An underlying assumption is that the frailer an individual, the more likely they are to experience falls and fractures. We examined whether grades of frailty can assess the long-term risk of hospitalized falls, fractures, and all-cause mortality in 1261 community-dwelling older women (mean age [SD] of 75.1 [2.7] yr) over 14.5 yr. Frailty was operationalized using a frailty index (FI) of cumulative deficits from 33 variables across multiple health domains (physical, mental, comorbidities) at baseline...
January 4, 2024: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven J Nieto, Erica N Grodin, Lara A Ray
The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a recently-developed framework offering a more holistic understanding of three neurofunctional and behavioral domains that reflect the neurobiological dysfunction seen in alcohol use disorder (AUD). While the ANA domains have been well-validated across independent laboratories, there is a critical need to identify neural markers that subserve the proposed neurofunctional domains. The current study involves secondary data analysis of a two-week experimental medication trial of ibudilast (50mg BID)...
February 29, 2024: Behavioural Brain Research
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lyndsey E Shorey-Kendrick, Cindy T McEvoy, Kristin Milner, Julia Harris, Julie Brownsberger, Robert S Tepper, Byung Park, Lina Gao, Annette Vu, Cynthia D Morris, Eliot R Spindel
BACKGROUND: We previously reported in the "Vitamin C to Decrease the Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function" randomized clinical trial (RCT) that vitamin C (500 mg/day) supplementation to pregnant smokers is associated with improved respiratory outcomes that persist through 5 years of age. The objective of this study was to assess whether buccal cell DNA methylation (DNAm), as a surrogate for airway epithelium, is associated with vitamin C supplementation, improved lung function, and decreased occurrence of wheeze...
February 27, 2024: Clinical Epigenetics
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giovanna Petrucci, Georgina A Buck, Bianca Rocca, Sarah Parish, Colin Baigent, Duaa Hatem, Marion Mafham, Aida Habib, Louise Bowman, Jane Armitage, Carlo Patrono
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Thromboxane (TX) A2, released by activated platelets, plays an important role in atherothrombosis. Urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 (U-TXM), a stable metabolite reflecting the whole-body TXA2 biosynthesis, is reduced by ∼70% by daily low-dose aspirin. The U-TXM represents a non-invasive biomarker of in vivo platelet activation and is enhanced in patients with diabetes. This study assessed whether U-TXM is associated with the risk of future serious vascular events or revascularizations (SVE-R), major bleeding, or cancer in patients with diabetes...
February 22, 2024: European Heart Journal
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Pegington, Hui Zhen Tam, Adam Brentnall, Ivana Sestak, Judith Adams, Glen M Blake, D Gareth Evans, Anthony Howell, Jack Cuzick, Michelle Harvie
BACKGROUND: Uptake to anastrozole for breast cancer prevention is low, partly due to women's concerns about side effects including gains in weight and specifically gains in body fat. Previous evidence does not link anastrozole with gains in weight, but there is a lack of data on any effects on body composition i.e. changes in fat and fat free mass. Here we assess association of anastrozole with body composition changes in a prospective sub-study from the second international breast intervention trial (IBIS-II)...
February 2024: Preventive Medicine Reports
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hualin Lüthi, Sophia Lengsfeld, Thilo Burkard, Andrea Meienberg, Nica Jeanloz, Tanja Vukajlovic, Katja Bologna, Michelle Steinmetz, Cemile Bathelt, Clara O Sailer, Mirjam Laager, Deborah R Vogt, Lars G Hemkens, Benjamin Speich, Sandrine A Urwyler, Jill Kühne, Fabienne Baur, Linda N Lutz, Tobias E Erlanger, Mirjam Christ-Crain, Bettina Winzeler
BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation is challenging, despite making use of established smoking cessation therapies. Preclinical studies and one clinical pilot study suggest the antidiabetic drug glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue to modulate addictive behaviours and nicotine craving. Previously, we reported the short-term results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Herein we report long-term abstinence rates and weight developments after 24 and 52 weeks. METHODS: This single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial was done at the University Hospital Basel in Switzerland...
February 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meghan J Chenoweth, Yong Jae Kim, Nikki L Nollen, Larry W Hawk, Martin C Mahoney, Caryn Lerman, Jo Knight, Rachel F Tyndale
Varenicline, the most efficacious smoking cessation monotherapy, produces abnormal dreams. Although genetic contributions to varenicline-associated nausea and cessation have been identified, the role of genetics in abnormal dreams is unknown. We conducted a genomewide association study (GWAS) of abnormal dreams in 188 European ancestry smokers treated with varenicline (NCT01314001). Additive genetic models examined the likelihood of experiencing abnormal dreams 2 weeks following varenicline initiation...
February 19, 2024: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew P Cope, Marianna Jasenecova, Joana C Vasconcelos, Andrew Filer, Karim Raza, Sumera Qureshi, Maria Antonietta D'Agostino, Iain B McInnes, John D Isaacs, Arthur G Pratt, Benjamin A Fisher, Christopher D Buckley, Paul Emery, Pauline Ho, Maya H Buch, Coziana Ciurtin, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg, Thomas Huizinga, René Toes, Evangelos Georgiou, Joanna Kelly, Caroline Murphy, A Toby Prevost
BACKGROUND: Individuals with serum antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA), rheumatoid factor, and symptoms, such as inflammatory joint pain, are at high risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. In the arthritis prevention in the pre-clinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis with abatacept (APIPPRA) trial, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and acceptability of treating high risk individuals with the T-cell co-stimulation modulator abatacept. METHODS: The APIPPRA study was a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial done in 28 hospital-based early arthritis clinics in the UK and three in the Netherlands...
February 13, 2024: Lancet
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan E Piper, Tanya R Schlam, Eric C Donny, Kate Kobinsky, Julia Matthews, Thomas M Piasecki, Douglas E Jorenby
INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation is a critical public health goal. This study examined the ability of e-cigarettes and very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) to serve as cigarette substitutes and whether a substitution was supported by steady-state nicotine from a nicotine patch. AIMS AND METHODS: This mixed design experiment with study product (between-subjects) and patch (within-subjects) factors recruited adults smoking cigarettes daily and not motivated to quit (N = 160)...
February 13, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alireza Rafieipoor, Mahdie Torkaman, Fatemeh Azaryan, Aryan Tavakoli, Mohammad Keshavarz Mohammadian, Atefeh Kohansal, Hanieh Shafaei, Pouya Mirzaee, Zeinab Motiee Bijarpasi, Parsa Bahmani, Masoud Khosravi, Saeid Doaei, Maryam Gholamalizadeh
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently experience the chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in the management of CKD-aP in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS: In this triple blind, randomized clinical trial, the effect of the omega-3 supplement on uremic CKD-aP was assessed in 112 chronic hemodialysis patients at Caspian Hemodialysis Center in Rasht, Iran...
2024: Frontiers in Nutrition
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kurtis F Budden, Shakti D Shukla, Kate L Bowerman, Annalicia Vaughan, Shaan L Gellatly, David L A Wood, Nancy Lachner, Sobia Idrees, Saima Firdous Rehman, Alen Faiz, Vyoma K Patel, Chantal Donovan, Charlotte A Alemao, Sj Shen, Nadia Amorim, Rajib Majumder, Kanth S Vanka, Jazz Mason, Tatt Jhong Haw, Bree Tillet, Michael Fricker, Simon Keely, Nicole Hansbro, Gabrielle T Belz, Jay Horvat, Thomas Ashhurst, Caryn van Vreden, Helen McGuire, Barbara Fazekas de St Groth, Nicholas J C King, Ben Crossett, Stuart J Cordwell, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Joachim L Schultze, Emma E Hamilton-Williams, Elizabeth Mann, Samuel C Forster, Matthew A Cooper, Leopoldo N Segal, Sanjay H Chotirmall, Peter Collins, Rayleen Bowman, Kwun M Fong, Ian A Yang, Peter A B Wark, Paul G Dennis, Philip Hugenholtz, Philip M Hansbro
OBJECTIVE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of global illness and death, most commonly caused by cigarette smoke. The mechanisms of pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective therapies. The gastrointestinal microbiome has been implicated in chronic lung diseases via the gut-lung axis, but its role is unclear. DESIGN: Using an in vivo mouse model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD and faecal microbial transfer (FMT), we characterised the faecal microbiota using metagenomics, proteomics and metabolomics...
February 8, 2024: Gut
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