passive self-motion

Technology offers possibilities for quantification of behaviors and physiological changes of relevance to chronic pain, using wearable sensors and devices suitable for data collection in daily life contexts. We conducted a scoping review of wearable and passive sensor technologies that sample data of psychological interest in chronic pain, including in social situations. Sixty articles met our criteria from the 2783 citations retrieved from searching. Three-quarters of recruited people were with chronic pain, mostly musculoskeletal, and the remainder with acute or episodic pain; those with chronic pain had a mean age of 43 (few studies sampled adolescents or children) and 60% were women...

Many rehabilitation exoskeletons have been used in the field of stroke rehabilitation. Generating human-like motion is necessary for exoskeletons to help patients perform activities of daily living (ADL) while maintaining interaction quality and ergonomics. However, most of the current motion generation algorithms utilize inverse kinematics (IK) to solve the final configuration before generation, and do not consider the movement of shoulder girdle. Separately considering the shoulder girdle motion and arm motion, this paper proposes an algorithm integrated IK to generate human-like motion...

INTRODUCTION: Radial neck fractures in adults are rare, but outcomes are often poor. Closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) technique has been advocated for the treatment of minimally displaced fractures in children, with a few reports on adult subjects. The aim of the present paper is to investigate mid-term results of a CRIF technique in adults with retrograde intramedullary K-wires in Mason's type II and III fractures. The proposed technique yields to good anatomical reduction of displaced neck fractures, faster rehabilitation, and easier hardware removal after fracture consolidation...

BACKGROUND: Gait initiation is challenging for older individuals with poor physical function, particularly for those with frailty. Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with increased risk of illness, falls, and functional decline. This study examines whether spatial and temporal parameters of gait initiation differ between groups of older adults with different levels of frailty, and whether fear of falling, and balance ability are correlated with the height of lifting the food during gait initiation...

Over the past decades, the development of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the efficiency of clinical treatments has been subject of intense research. Yet, most NPs have been reported to possess low efficacy as their actuation is hindered by biological barriers. For instance, synovial fluid (SF) present in the joints is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). These viscous media pose a challenge for many applications in nanomedicine, as passive NPs tend to become trapped in complex networks, which reduces their ability to reach the target location...

Mobility limitations, including a decrease in walking speed, are major issues for people with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). Improving our understanding of factors influencing walking speed in ARSACS may inform the development of future interventions for gait rehabilitation and contribute to better clinical practices. The objective of the study was to identify the factors influencing the self-selected walking speed in adults with ARSACS. The dependent variable of this cross-sectional study was the self-selected speed and the factors (independent variables) were age, sex, balance, balance confidence, knee flexion and extension cocontraction indexes, lower limb coordination, passive range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, knee and hip extension, and global spasticity...

PURPOSE: Medication nonadherence is a persistent and costly problem across health care. Measures of medication adherence are ineffective. Methods such as self-report, prescription claims data, or smart pill bottles have been used to monitor medication adherence, but these are subject to recall bias, lack real-time feedback, and are often expensive. METHODS: We proposed a method for monitoring medication adherence using a commercially available wearable device. Passively collected motion data were analyzed on the basis of the Movelet algorithm, a dictionary learning framework that builds person-specific chapters of movements from short frames of elemental activities within the movements...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of combination therapy (hydrodilatation and subdeltoid bursa injection with corticosteroid, mobilization, and physical therapy [PT]) with that of PT alone for treating frozen shoulder. DESIGN: A prospective, 2-arm parallel, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation clinic of a private academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n=70) with frozen shoulder (freezing stage)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the acute responses, in the in-hospital setting, of intensive elastic resistance training on physical function, pain, psychosocial variables and inflammatory markers in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). DESIGN: In a randomized controlled trial, 40 patients with TKA (≥55 years) were assigned to either (1) the intervention group (elastic resistance strengthening) or (2) a control group (conventional protocol). Patients performed three sessions in the hospital at 24, 48 and 72 hours after TKA...

Self-assembly fundamentally implies small sub-units organized into large structures or patterns without intervention with specific local interactions. This process is commonly observed in nature, occurring at various scales ranging from atomic/molecular assembly to the formation of complex biological structures. Colloidal particles may serve as micrometer-scale surrogates for studying assembly, particularly for the poorly understood kinetic and dynamic processes at the atomic scale. Recent advances in colloidal self-assembly have enabled the programmable creation of novel materials with tailored properties...

It was found that the Auxivo LiftSuit reduced the load on the back and hip muscles when lifting heavy loads, but its effect on lower body kinematics, joint moments, and self-reported ratings was unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of this passive lift-exoskeleton design, on lower body kinematics, joint moments, and self-reported ratings during lifting of heavy loads. Twenty healthy subjects performed lifting of heavy loads with and without the exoskeleton under surveillance of a motion capture system...

Artificial micro/nanomotors are expected to perform tasks in interface-rich and species-rich environments for biomedical and environmental applications. In these highly confined and interconnected pore spaces, active species may influence the motion of coexisting passive participants in unexpected ways. Using three-dimensional super-resolution single-nanoparticle tracking, we observed enhanced motion of passive nanoparticles due to the presence of dilute well-separated nanomotors in an interconnected pore space...

Here, we present a comprehensive study of self-driven flow dynamics at the liquid-gas interface within nanofluidic pores in the absence of external driving forces. The investigation focuses on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability phenomena that occur in sub-100 nm scale fluidic pores interfacing between 2 μm scale water and air reservoir. We obtain a flow velocity equation, and we validate it using simulations, concentrating on the mass transfer efficiency of these flow structures. Furthermore, we introduce the concept─"active solid-state nanopore"─that exhibits a self-driven flow switching behavior, transitioning between active and passive states without the need for mechanical components...

OBJECTIVE: To assess vestibular (i.e., passive self-motion) perception in patients diagnosed with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD). STUDY DESIGN: Case-controlled, cross-sectional, observational investigation. SETTING: Single-center laboratory-based study. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients with PPPD, 13 age-matched healthy control volunteers. Of those with PPPD, eight had co-occurring vestibular migraine (VM)...

For a long time, fish school swimming has attracted a great deal of attention in biological systems, as fish schools can have complex hydrodynamic effects on individuals. This work adopted a non-iterative, immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). A numerical simulation of two-dimensional three-degree-of-freedom self-propelled fish, in side-by-side, staggered, and triangle formations, was conducted by adjusting spacing and motion parameters. A comprehensive analysis of individual speed gains and energy efficiencies in these formations was carried out...

Introduction : Health professionals and bodyworkers may be pivotal in promoting prevention programs, providing tailored advice and guidance to patients' adherence to self-care strategies, such as physical activity. Contemporary evidence encourages manual therapists to involve patients in decision-making and treatment procedures integrating passive and active approaches in treatment planning. This manuscript provides a definition and applications of neuromyofascial movement patterns, discusses the significance of functional assessment, and gives an example of clinical applications in the osteopathic field to highlight how this assessment can promote interdisciplinarity...

The development of excellently stretchable, highly mobile, and sustainable power supplies is of great importance for self-power wearable electronics. Transpiration-driven hydrovoltaic power generator (HPG) has been demonstrated to be a promising energy harvesting strategy with the advantages of negative heat and zero-carbon emissions. Herein, this work demonstrates a fiber-based stretchable HPG with the advantages of high output, portability, knittability, and sustainable power generation. Based on the functionalized micro-nano water diffusion channels constructed by the discarded mask straps (MSs) and oxidation-treated carbon nanomaterials, the applied water can continuously produce electricity during the spontaneous flow and diffusion...

The objective and quantitative assessment of physical human-exoskeletons interaction (pHEI) represents a pressing necessity in the wearable robots field. This process remains of difficult execution, especially for early stage devices, in which the inclusion of human testing could pose ethical and safety concerns. This manuscript proposes a methodology for pHEI assessment based on an active dummy leg named Leg Replica, which is able to sense interaction forces while wearing an exoskeleton. We tested this methodology on a wearable active knee exoskeleton prototype, with the goal to evaluate the effects of a misalignment compensation mechanism...

Post-stroke upper extremity function can be improved by devices that support shoulder abduction. However, many of these devices provide limited assistance in activities of daily living due to their complexity and encumbrance. We developed and evaluated a passive, lightweight (0.6 kg) wearable device consisting of an aluminum frame and elastic bands attached to a posture vest to aid in shoulder abduction. The number and thickness of bands can be adjusted to provide supportive forces to the affected arm. We measured reachable workspace area and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) performance in people with a history of stroke (n = 11) with and without the wearable...

Mirror Therapy (MT) is an effective therapeutic method used in the rehabilitation of hemiplegics. The effectiveness of this method is improved by employing a bi-modal approach which requires the synchronous movement of the affected and unaffected arm. For this purpose, we describe the design of a wearable device using a Mechanical Metamaterial (MM) that is optimized for the specific user to provide passive assistance of wrist flexion-extension and enable synchronous motion of the affected and unaffected arm during MT...