Breast cancer

Platinum resistance represents a major barrier to the survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). Cdc2-like kinase 2 (CLK2) is a major protein kinase associated with oncogenic phenotype and development in some solid tumors. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of CLK2 in the progression of OC is currently unknown. Using microarray gene expression profiling and immunostaining on OC tissues, we found that CLK2 was upregulated in OC tissues and was associated with a short platinum-free interval in patients...

Modern cancer treatment approaches aim at achieving cancer remission by using targeted and personalized therapies, as well as harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the cancer cells. To overcome a relatively short-lived response due to the development of resistance to the administered drugs, combination therapies have been pursued, as well. To expand the outlook of combination therapies, the objective of this study was to use high-throughput data generation technologies such as mass spectrometry and proteomics to investigate the response of HER2+ breast cancer cells to a mixture of two kinase inhibitors that has not been adopted yet as a standard treatment regime...

Pathogenic germline TP53 alterations cause Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS), and breast cancer is the most common cancer in LFS females. We performed first of its kind multimodal analysis of LFS breast cancer (LFS-BC) compared to sporadic premenopausal BC. Nearly all LFS-BC underwent biallelic loss of TP53 with no recurrent oncogenic variants except ERBB2 (HER2) amplification. Compared to sporadic BC, in situ and invasive LFS-BC exhibited a high burden of short amplified aneuploid segments (SAAS). Pro-apoptotic p53 target genes BAX and TP53I3 failed to be up-regulated in LFS-BC as was seen in sporadic BC compared to normal breast tissue...

Breast cancer is a substantial source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is particularly more difficult to treat at later stages, and treatment regimens depend heavily on both staging and the molecular subtype of the tumor. However, both detection and molecular analyses rely on standard imaging and histological method, which are costly, time-consuming, and lack necessary sensitivity/specificity. The estrogen receptor (ER) is, along with the progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor (HER-2), among the primary molecular markers which inform treatment...

BACKGROUND: Associated with high-dimensional omics data there are often "meta-features" such as pathways and functional annotations that can be informative for predicting an outcome of interest. We extend to Cox regression the regularized hierarchical framework of Kawaguchi et al. (2022) (1) for integrating meta-features, with the goal of improving prediction and feature selection performance with time-to-event outcomes. METHODS: A hierarchical framework is deployed to incorporate meta-features...

PURPOSE: Although risk factors related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) have been identified in previous studies, only a few studies have evaluated the risk factors associated with contemporary antiemetic prophylaxis, including olanzapine/aprepitant- or NEPA-containing regimens. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with CINV development in Chinese breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. METHODS: Data from 304 patients enrolled in 3 previously reported prospective antiemetic studies were included...

BACKGROUND: Despite the common use of ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for axillary node (AN) in breast cancer patients, only a limited number of studies are available regarding the diagnostic performance of AN-FNA according to the suspicion level based on US findings. This study compares the outcomes of US-guided AN-FNA in breast cancer patients, differentiating between those undergoing staging and surveillance. METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study with retrospective analysis was conducted on 767 consecutive AN-FNA procedures performed in 2017 at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, with 654 for staging and 113 for surveillance in breast cancer patients...

OBJECTIVES: Radiation-induced dermatitis (RD) is one of the most common toxicities in radiation therapy (RT) patients. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and natural products (NPs) have been used as treatment. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a NPs-based cream (Alantel®) to reduce the incidence of RD in women with breast cancer undergoing RT treatment. DESIGN: We conducted a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. SETTING: Radiation Oncology Unit of the Reina Sofía Hospital and 5 Primary Care centers of the Cordoba and Guadalquivir Health District (Spain)...

BACKGROUND: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a useful method to evaluate tumor biology and tumor microstructure. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value correlates negatively with the cellular density of the tumor. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the ADC histogram analysis in showing the relationship between breast cancer prognostic factors and ADC parameters. METHODS: This study is a retrospective observational descriptive study...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of breast cancer is characterized by dysregulated cell proliferation, leading to the formation of a neoplastic mass. Conventional methodologies for analyzing carcinomatous distal areas within whole-slide images (WSIs) tissue regions may lack comprehensive insights. PURPOSE: This study aims to introduce an innovative methodology based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), specifically employing a CNN Modified ResNet architecture for breast cancer detection...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, primarily attributed to the formidable challenge of multidrug resistance, often driven by the overexpression of the ABCB1 gene. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine on ABCB1 gene expression and cell viability in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells, with siRNA targeting ABCB1 to reduce its expression and doxorubicin/ vinorelbine to eradicate cancer cells...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Given the recent updates in cancer burden estimates by GLOBOCAN 2022, this study was undertaken to provide pertinent perspectives within the context of the Human Development Index (HDI) and major world economies. METHODS: Datasets sourced from GLOBOCAN encompassed cancer cases and deaths across all cancer types in 2022, alongside projections up to 2050. Cancer incidences and deaths of the top 10 cancers within China and four distinct HDI-classified regions were compared using descriptive analyses...

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to explore more practical and effective diagnostic methods to facilitate early treatment and improve prognosis for breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) could be used for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer...

Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) was initially reserved for unresectable patients however it has been increasingly used to facilitate breast conservation, downstage the axilla, and inform adjuvant therapy decisions based on response. For patients with HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), clinical trials have resulted in the ability to individualize treatment regimens. For HER2+ breast cancer, de-escalation of neoadjuvant regimens to minimize cytotoxic chemotherapy and de-escalation or escalation of adjuvant regimens based on response have been effective...

Dysregulated cathepsin activity is linked to various human diseases including metabolic disorders, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. Given the overexpression of cathepsin in the tumor microenvironment, cathepsin inhibitors are promising pharmacological agents and drug delivery vehicles for cancer treatment. In this study, we describe the synthesis and photochemical and biological assessment of a dual-action agent based on ruthenium that is conjugated with a cathepsin inhibitor, designed for both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photochemotherapy (PCT)...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders. Pathologically, AD and PD are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Hence, they are also called as proteinopathy diseases. Gender is considered as one of the risk factors in both diseases. Estrogens are widely accepted to be neuroprotective in several neurodegenerative disorders. Estrogens can be produced in the central nervous system, where they are called as neurosteroids. Estrogens mediate their neuroprotective action mainly through their actions on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ)...

The prevention and management of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) have become increasingly important. Recent studies have revealed the crucial role of genetics in determining the susceptibility to development of CTRCD. We present a case of a 65-year-old woman with breast cancer who developed recurrent CTRCD following low-dose chemotherapy, despite lacking conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Her medical history included anthracycline-associated cardiomyopathy, and her condition deteriorated significantly after treatment with HER2-targeted therapies...

BACKGROUND: Anthracyclines can cause left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. There is little data about right ventricular (RV) damage during chemotherapy. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of chemotherapy, analyzing its impact on right ventricular function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted, enrolling 83 female patients (55 ± 11 years old) affected by breast cancer treated with anthracyclines...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers known among women. This study aimed to investigate the level of vitamin D receptor gene expression in two tumoral and healthy breast tissues in breast cancer patients and its association with prognostic factors. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 on 50 patients with high suspicion of breast cancer who were candidates for mastectomy and lumpectomy in a learning hospital...