Stage 4 prostate cancer

INTRODUCTION: In the current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, patients with pelvic nodal metastases are considered stage IV prostate cancer. This study aims to investigate whether men with prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET)-detected pelvic node-positive prostate cancer at diagnosis have a better outcome compared to men with node-positive disease identified on conventional imaging. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study comparing the outcomes of men with node-positive prostate cancer and disease confined to the pelvis, staged with conventional versus PSMA PET imaging...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: We examined the impact of preoperative plasma potassium levels (PPLs) on outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), hypothesizing that potassium imbalances might influence outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 501 UCB patients undergoing RC from 2009 to 2017 at a tertiary center were analyzed. Blood samples collected a week prior to surgery defined normal and abnormal PPL based on institutional standards...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study was aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China. METHODS: Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling...

PURPOSE: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based images, which visually quantify PSMA expression, are used to determine prostate cancer micrometastases. This study evaluated whether a circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based transcript platform, including PSMA mRNA, could help identify potential prognostic markers in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We prospectively enrolled 21 healthy individuals and 247 patients with prostate cancer [localized prostate cancer (LPCa), n = 94; metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), n = 44; and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), n = 109]...

BACKGROUND: Due to superior image quality and daily adaptive planning, MR-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (MRgSBRT) has the potential to further widen the therapeutic window in radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer. This study reports on acute toxicity rates and patient-reported outcomes after MR-guided adaptive ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer within the prospective, multicenter phase II SMILE trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients with localized prostate cancer underwent MRgSBRT with daily online plan adaptation...

IMPORTANCE: Randomized clinical trials of cancer screening typically use cancer-specific mortality as the primary end point. The incidence of stage III-IV cancer is a potential alternative end point that may accelerate completion of randomized clinical trials of cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To compare cancer-specific mortality with stage III-IV cancer as end points in randomized clinical trials of cancer screening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This meta-analysis included 41 randomized clinical trials of cancer screening conducted in Europe, North America, and Asia published through February 19, 2024...

BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the relationship between the laterality of lymph node invasion (LNI) and the prostatic lobe affected is limited. Our aim was to review our records of patients with exclusively unilateral localised prostate cancer (PCa) with metastatic LN involvement. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2023, after radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy at our centre, thirty patients with intermediate-high risk unilateral PCa and pN1 disease were identified...

IMPORTANCE: The Cluster Randomized Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer (CAP) reported no effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening on prostate cancer mortality at a median 10-year follow-up (primary outcome), but the long-term effects of PSA screening on prostate cancer mortality remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a single invitation for PSA screening on prostate cancer-specific mortality at a median 15-year follow-up compared with no invitation for screening...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer represents a major health concern worldwide, with the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and locally advanced prostate cancer posing a particular challenge. Rezvilutamide, a new androgen receptor antagonist from China, has shown early promise; however, its real-world effectiveness and safety profile require further evidence. This case series evaluates the preliminary clinical outcomes of rezvilutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), focusing on PSA response and radiological findings across various stages of prostate cancer in four patients...

Prostate cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease; therefore, estimating patient prognosis accurately is challenging due to the lack of biomarkers with sufficient specificity and sensitivity. One of the current challenges lies in integrating genomic and transcriptomic data with clinico-pathological features and in incorporating their application in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to model a risk score and nomogram containing long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression and clinico-pathological data to better predict the probability of prostate cancer progression...

Traditional clinical modalities for diagnosing bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remain limited due to their invasive nature, significant costs, discomfort associated with cystoscopy, and low sensitivity to urine cytology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify highly sensitive, specific, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of this neoplasm. Hypermethylated TWIST1/Vimentin promoter may be a noninvasive biomarker using urine sample. We assessed the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation status in urine samples using the Methylated Human TWIST1 and Vimentin Gene Detection Kit (Jiangsu MicroDiag Biomedicine Co...

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow toxicity in advanced prostate cancer patients who receive [177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is a well-known concern. In early stage patients; e.g. low volume metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) patients, prevention of late bone marrow toxicity is even more crucial due to longer life expectancy. To date, bone marrow dosimetry is primarily performed using blood sampling. This method is time consuming and does not account for possible active bone marrow uptake...

AIMS: To determine the trend of cancer cases referred to the Department of Clinical Oncology in UMMC in terms of patient volumes over a period of 10 years. To define the stage at presentation of the top five cancers in males and females, respectively. To determine the overall radiotherapy utilization rates. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This is a retrospective analysis of all new cases seen at the Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), from the year 2009 to 2018 inclusive...

PURPOSE: The POP-RT phase III randomized trial showed improved biochemical failure-free survival and metastasis-free survival with whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) versus prostate-only radiotherapy (PORT) for high/very high-risk prostate cancer, albeit with worse RTOG late urinary toxicity. We report updated late urinary adverse effects and bladder dose-effect relations within this trial. MATERIALS/METHODS: Late urinary toxicity, and cumulative severity of each symptom over the follow-up period was graded using CTCAE v5...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second cause of cancer death among men worldwide. Several processes are involved in the development and progression of PCa such as angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress. The present study investigated the effect of short- or long-term Tempol treatment at different stages of prostate adenocarcinoma progression, focusing on angiogenic, proliferative, and stromal remodeling processes in TRAMP mice. The dorsolateral lobe of the prostate of TRAMP mice were evaluated at two different stages of PCa progression; early and late stages...

BACKGROUND: There are limitations in treating advanced prostate cancer (PC), especially castration-resistant (CR) cases, in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We describe the case of RTR with metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) treated with docetaxel. CASE REPORT: A 60-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) underwent living-related kidney transplantation. A year later, he was diagnosed with PC (prostate-specific antigen level: 998 ng/mL)...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been reported to have increased overall risk of cancer. In addition, individuals with a kidney transplant/transplantation (KT) have markedly increased cancer risk due to chronic use of immunosuppressive agents. However, it has not been elucidated whether the observed excess cancer risk is related to KT or whether diabetic kidney disease (DKD) per se is a risk factor for cancer in individuals with T1D. METHODS: The study included 5035 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) and 14,061 control individuals without diabetes...

BACKGROUND: As a result of improvements in cancer therapies, patients with metastatic malignancies are living longer, and the role of palliative radiotherapy has become increasingly recognized. However, access to adequate palliative radiotherapy may continue to be a challenge, as is evident from the high proportion of patients dying of prostate cancer who never receive palliative radiotherapy. The main objective of this investigation is to identify and describe the factors associated with the receipt of palliative radiation treatment in a decedent cohort of prostate cancer patients in Ontario...

To evaluate the prognostic potential of the 2012 Briganti nomogram for pelvic lymph node invasion on disease progression after surgery in intermediate-risk (IR) prostate cancer (PCa) patients with favorable tumor grade (International Society of Urological Pathology grade group 1 or 2), eventually associated with adverse clinical features as PSA between 10 and 20 ng/mL and/or clinical stage T2b. All IR PCa patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and eventually extended pelvic lymph node dissection at the Department of Urology of the Integrated University Hospital of Verona between 2013 and 2021, with the abovementioned features, and available follow-up were considered...

BACKGROUND: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, treatment options, and prognosis are uncertain and underreported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in April 2022 through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. We reviewed cases of LCNEC developed either from de novo or transformation from prostate adenocarcinoma and summarized the relevant pathophysiological course, treatment options, and outcomes...