tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension

The article covers data on occupational morbidity in Moscow region over last 50 years. Stable number of newly diagnosed occupational diseases was seen up to first half of 1990s. Afterwards, steady decrease in occupational morbidity is seen with closure of major industrial enterprises. Among occupational pulmonary diseases, dust fibrosis (pneumoconiosis--44%) prevail. Tuberculosis complication of silicosis decreased, additional general somatic concomitants (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, malignancies) are more frequent...

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the skin, vascular abnormalities and variable involvement of organs. TNF-α has a central role in initial host response to infections and in the pathogenesis of various systemic immune-mediated diseases. Serum levels of TNF-α are elevated in patients with SSc and favor the development of pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Inflammatory arthritis can occur in patients with SSc...

During pregnancy several adaptations develop in response to the enhanced maternal and fetal metabolic needs. This review summarizes the major cardiorespiratory modifications of pregnancy as well as their consequences in chronic respiratory diseases such as restrictive ventilatory defects (post-tuberculosis pneumonectomy, kyphoscoliosis, neuromuscular disorders), asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. It is important to recognize early the cardiorespiratory situations for which pregnancy is contraindicated or associated with a high risk of respiratory complications...

SESSION TYPE: ILD Global Case Report PostersPRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 23, 2012 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PMINTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) includes a large, heterogeneous group of mostly rare pulmonary conditions that cause derangements of the alveolar walls and loss of functional alveolar capillary units, consisting of both known and unknown causes that share common histological features. It is influenced by several factors such as host susceptibility, genetics and environmental aspects. Familial ILD is identified by verifying in two or more members of the same family...

SESSION TYPE: ILD Student/Resident Case Report PostersPRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 23, 2012 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PMINTRODUCTION: Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) revised and termed as Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (DPLD) is a slowly progressive inflammatory disease of diverse etiology, primarily involving the interstitium and not uncommonly the alveoli and lower airways. Of them, Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a distinct clinical entity rather than a diagnosis of exclusion, diagnosed with High Resolution Computerised Tomography (HRCT) duly supported by suggestive clinical profile...

Autophagy is a homeostatic process common to all eukaryotic cells that serves to degrade intracellular components. Among three classes of autophagy, macroautophagy is best understood, and is the subject of this Review. The function of autophagy is multifaceted, and includes removal of long-lived proteins and damaged or unneeded organelles, recycling of intracellular components for nutrients, and defense against pathogens. This process has been extensively studied in yeast, and understanding of its functional significance in human disease is also increasing...

We report a rare case of a huge aspergilloma developed within a bronchiectasis due to pulling by a pulmonary fibrosis of systemic scleroderma. The patient is a 58-year-old woman presenting a deterioration of the general state associated with repeating hemoptysis, dyspnea, dysphagia, sclérodactylia, generalized cutaneous sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon. There was no antecedent pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient had a pulmonary arterial hypertension complicated by a chronic pulmonary heart at the stage of right cardiac decompensation...

Chronic liver disease is associated with many pulmonary complications. Several, including hepatopulmonary syndrome, portopulmonary hypertension, and hepatic hydrothorax have been extensively reviewed. However, hepatobiliary manifestations of primary pulmonary diseases have received less attention. This review focuses on hepatobiliary complications of respiratory failure, cystic fibrosis, α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, sarcoidosis, and tuberculosis.

This was an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study of tuberculosis in patients admitted to the UMMC. A total of 131 cases were analyzed. Malays constituted the most cases, (43%), followed by Chinese (22%), Indians (17%) and others (18%). The majority of cases were within the 21-60 year old age group, which constituted 69.5% of the total. Males were more commonly affected (65%). Most cases were reported among Malaysians (83%). The majority of patients were unemployed (39%), followed by housewives (10%), laborers (9%), students (8%), shop assistants (7%), and other occupations (27%)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathological and CT features of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC), and its underlying reasons for misdiagnosis. METHODS: The clinical data and pathological features of 52 cases of PC in Zhongshan Hospital from 1998 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The 52 patients consisted of 36 males and 16 females aged from 17 to 80 years, with a median age of 48. The early symptoms were cough, phlegm and chest pain...

A major goal of molecular medicine is to target imaging agents or therapeutic compounds to a single organ. Targeting imaging agents to a single organ could facilitate the high-resolution, in vivo imaging of molecular events. In addition, genetic and acquired diseases primary to a single organ, such as cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, could be specifically targeted in the lung. By targeting and concentrating imaging agents or therapeutics to the lungs, deleterious side effects can be avoided with greater efficacy at much lower dosages...

OBJECTIVE: Lung transplantation (LTx) is the only option for end-stage lung disease refractory to medical treatment. The program was slow to start in Korea; the first LTx was performed in July 1996. By October 2007, 25 lung and 7 heart-lung transplantations have been performed at 5 institutes, with the majority being performed at one center. The aim of this study was to improve the survival rate following LTx by analyzing the operative procedure and its complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 18 patients who underwent lung and heart-lung transplantations from July 1996 to October 2007 at a single institute...

BACKGROUND: Approximately half of the world's population, and up to 90% of households in rural areas of developing countries, depend on biomass for cooking and heating. SETTING: The National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, México City. OBJECTIVE: To describe wood smoke-associated lung disease (WSLD). DESIGN: Description of the clinical, functional and radiological manifestations of patients with WSLD, and a comparison of pathological findings of patients who died of WSLD and smokers who died of chronic bronchitis...

The lungs are involved in many inflammatory rheumatic diseases. We will focus on the most common clinical problems. In systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease resulting in fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) resulting in right heart failure are the leading complications requiring close cooperation between specialists in rheumatology and pulmonology. In Sjogren's syndrome interstitial pneumonia, pleural and bronchial inflammation and rarely PAH will be the main pulmonary complications. Hypereosinophilic syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia, and Churg-Strauss syndrome are conditions that show marked eosinophilia and can clinically be confused with asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis...

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is the one of the complication of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, irrespective of etiology, age and sex. It has also been observed in non cirrhotic portal hypertension and in acute hepatic conditions. Presence of hypoxemia or abnormal alveolar arterial oxygen tension with intrapulmonary vasodilation in liver cirrhosis is termed as HPS. Contrast echocardiogram is the better screening tool to demonstrate intrapulmonary shunt. Clinicians should be aware of other common chronic pulmonary and cardiac comorbid conditions, in particular COPD, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, etc...

Respiratory pathology can be relatively frequent during pregnancy. One third of pregnant woman may experience worsening of their asthma condition. Pulmonary tromboembolism is 5 times more frequent in pregnancy. Bacterial, viral and fungal pneumonias are badly tolerated during pregnancy, provoking mother-foetal morbidity, respiratory insufficiency, low born-weight or prematurity. Non-treated tuberculosis may increase maternal mortality and preterm birth by 4 and 9 times respectively. Pregnancy is counter-indicated in women with cystic fibrosis and severe pulmonary function...

OBJECTIVES: A few epidemiological studies have indicated that a patient's past medical history may contribute to the risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A relationship between a history of selected disorders and the risk of IPF was assessed in a multicentre hospital-based case-control study in Japan. METHODOLOGY: Included in the study were 104 patients of IPF, aged 40 years or over, who had been diagnosed within the previous 2 years, in accordance with the most recent criteria...

Between February 1983 and July 1987, twelve patients underwent heart-lung transplantation at the University of Cape Town and the University of Munich. The patients included eight men and four women, whose ages ranged from 15 to 49 years (mean, 27 years). The underlying pathologic condition was idiopathic primary pulmonary hypertension in five cases, Eisenmenger's syndrome in four cases, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in one case, diffuse fibrosing alveolitis in one case, and chronic emphysema in one case. The immunosuppressive regimen consisted of cyclosporine A, azathioprine, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin (RATG) during the first 2 postoperative weeks; RATG was subsequently replaced by methylprednisolone...

CONTEXT: Brazilian researchers have recently recognized a marked increase in the number of people using abusable drugs and the consequences of this habit. It has become a major public health problem in a potentially productive segment of the general population. In the last few years, several medical articles have given special emphasis to pulmonary complications related to cocaine use. This review is based on this information and experience acquired with groups of cocaine users. OBJECTIVE: To present to physicians the pulmonary aspects of cocaine use and warn about the various effects this drug has on the respiratory system, stressing those related to long-term use...

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