JAMA Network Open

IMPORTANCE: Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has more than doubled since 2009. However, current US Food and Drug Administration buprenorphine dosing guidelines are based on studies among people using heroin, prior to the emergence of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between buprenorphine dose and time to treatment discontinuation during a period of widespread fentanyl availability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used statewide Rhode Island Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Digital technology represents an opportunity to improve outcomes following total knee replacement (TKR). Digitally delivered interventions have been shown to be similar to face-to-face interventions and to increase participation levels in people with osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a digital technology package in reducing pain compared with usual care following TKR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial recruited 102 adults after they received TKR in 3 rehabilitation hospitals in Sydney, Australia, between June 2020 and July 2021...

IMPORTANCE: Genotype-matched trials, which are becoming increasingly important in the precision oncology era, require referrals from institutions providing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) testing to those conducting these trials, and the travel burden for trial participation is significant. However, it remains unknown whether travel time or distance are associated with genotype-matched trial participation. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether travel time or distance are associated with disparities in genotype-matched trial participation following CGP testing...

IMPORTANCE: Current randomized trial evidence of the effects of physical activity interventions in older adults is mainly from developed countries, with little reliable evidence from low- and middle-income countries, such as China, where race, culture, and lifestyles differ substantially from those in Western populations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a multilevel intervention for increasing leisure-time activity levels in Chinese older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cluster randomized trial was conducted from May 2021 to May 2023, including an 8-week intervention period and a follow-up period of 24 months...

IMPORTANCE: Telehealth implementation associated with the COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) affected patient-clinical team interactions in numerous ways. Yet, studies have narrowly examined billed patient-clinician visits rather than including visits with other team members (eg, pharmacists) or between-visit interactions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate rates of change over time in visits (in-person, telehealth) and between-visit interactions (telephone calls, patient portal messages) overall and by key patient characteristics...

IMPORTANCE: The immigrant population in the US has low health insurance coverage. Surveys find that approximately one-half of the US population is opposed to public health insurance of immigrants, and there is a widely held belief that immigrants are a state fiscal liability. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost of providing public health insurance to immigrants in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This serial cross-sectional study used restricted data from the 2011 to 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (and data from 2011-2020 in supplemental analyses)...

IMPORTANCE: Prenatal cardiac screening of the first and second trimesters has had a major impact on postnatal prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs), rates of termination of pregnancy (TOP), and outcomes among children born alive with CHDs. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prenatal and postnatal incidence of major CHDs (ie, necessitating intervention within the first year of life), detection rate trends, rates of TOP, and the association of cardiac screening with postnatal outcomes...

IMPORTANCE: Predicting the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) could facilitate preventive treatments. Among risk measures, bipolar at-risk (BAR) criteria have shown promise in predicting onset of bipolar disorder in the first year in clinical cohorts; however, it is not known whether BAR criteria are associated with the onset of BD in the longer term. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of BAR criteria with onset of BD over 10 to 13 years follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prospective cohort study, completed between May 1, 2020, and November 7, 2022, included consenting people seeking help for nonpsychotic major mental health difficulties, including mood, personality, and substance use disorders, who were originally recruited at ages 15 to 25 years from a tertiary youth mental health setting in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from May 1, 2008, to September 30, 2010...

IMPORTANCE: Understanding the contribution of children to SARS-CoV-2 circulation in households is critical for designing public health policies and mitigation strategies. OBJECTIVE: To identify temporal changes in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case-control study included online questionnaire responses from French adults between October 2020 and October 2022. Eligible cases were adults with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection with an email address on record with the national health insurance system, which centralized all new diagnoses in France...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Influenza-like illness (ILI) activity has been associated with increased risk of cardiopulmonary (CP) events during the influenza season. High-dose trivalent influenza vaccine was not superior to standard-dose quadrivalent vaccine for reducing these events in patients with high-risk cardiovascular (CV) disease in the Influenza Vaccine to Effectively Stop Cardio Thoracic Events and Decompensated Heart Failure (INVESTED) trial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether high-dose trivalent influenza vaccination is associated with benefit over standard-dose quadrivalent vaccination in reducing CP events during periods of high, local influenza activity...

IMPORTANCE: Red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is frequently required in the early post-kidney transplant period, but long-term outcomes associated with RBCT is controversial. Therefore, it may be relevant to investigate the association between RBCT characteristics and transplant outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between RBC storage duration and transplant outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study based on data linking between 2 prospective French nationwide registries...

IMPORTANCE: Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequently diagnosed primary cancer in patients with breast cancer. Although many studies have reported survival after the development of CBC, results have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the development of CBC is associated with survival among patients with breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted at the Asan Medical Center, Korea, among patients who were diagnosed with primary unilateral, nonmetastatic, stage 0 to III breast cancer between 1999 and 2013 and followed up through 2018...

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer mortality is complex and traditional approaches that seek to identify determinants of mortality assume that their effects on mortality are stationary across geographic space and scales. OBJECTIVE: To identify geographic variation in the associations of population demographics, environmental, lifestyle, and health care access with breast cancer mortality at the US county-level. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This geospatial cross-sectional study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database on adult female patients with breast cancer...

IMPORTANCE: Pilot trials often lead to study design changes in subsequent full-scale trials. Yet, it remains unclear whether these modifications improve the feasibility of the larger trial. OBJECTIVE: To compare feasibility estimates between pilot and full-scale trials and identify pilot trial characteristics and modifications associated with equivalent or improved feasibility in the full-scale trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used pilot trials published between January 2005 and December 2018 and their corresponding full-scale trials...

IMPORTANCE: The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is a well-validated instrument widely used to detect and stage dementia due to Alzheimer disease. The digital Electronic Clinical Dementia Rating (eCDR) can be remotely self-administered and automatically scored, with potential to facilitate efficient dementia screening and staging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the eCDR with the CDR and other in-clinic assessments for screening older adults for cognitive impairment...

IMPORTANCE: Patients should have an active role in decisions about pursuing or forgoing specific therapies in treatment de-escalation trials. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PROs) encompassing decisional comfort and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients who elected to enroll in a clinical trial evaluating radiotherapy alone, without breast surgery, for invasive breast cancers with exceptional response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST)...