Global Pediatric Health

Objective. Improving diagnostic ability of pediatric sepsis is of great significance for reducing the mortality of sepsis. This study explored the discriminatory capacity of nutritional index (PNI) in pediatric sepsis. Methods. We retrospectively enrolled 134 children with suspected sepsis and collected their clinical and laboratory data. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were performed to compare the predictive significance of the PNI, procalcitonin (PCT) and their combination...

Objectives. To evaluate the interaction between childhood asthma and S. 25(OH) cholecalciferol among Bangladeshi children. Methods. This case control study was conducted in child asthma clinic, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital Institute during March-August 2021. Comparison was made between clinically-diagnosed (following GINA guideline) asthmatic children (2-12 years-old) (cases = 87) and age and sex-matched children having no respiratory illness (controls = 90) using SPSS' (Statistical Package for Social Science, V...

Objectives. To assess levels of 25(OH)D among adolescents with symptoms of pica in northern Sudan. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in North Sudan. Questionaries were used to collect adolescents' sociodemographics. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure 25(OH)D level. Results. Of the 344 adolescents enrolled, 161 (46.8%) and 183 (53.2%) were male and female, respectively and 103 (29.9%) had symptoms of pica. The median (IQR) of 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in adolescents with symptoms of pica...

Objective. To compare mortality and major neonatal morbidities between singleton preterm infants and preterm infants of multiple gestations born <33 weeks' gestation. Method. Case-control study of preterm multiples and singletons <33 weeks' born at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Riyadh (KAMC-R) between January 2017 and December 2020. Out-born infants and infants with lethal congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study. Mortality and major neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), sepsis and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were compared between preterm singletons and multiples...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the performance of a publicly-available online artificial intelligence program (OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and -4.0, August 3 versions) on a pediatric board preparatory examination, 2021 and 2022 PREP® Self-Assessment, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). METHODS: We entered 245 questions and answer choices from the Pediatrics 2021 PREP® Self-Assessment and 247 questions and answer choices from the Pediatrics 2022 PREP® Self-Assessment into OpenAI's ChatGPT-3...

Aim . This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of 3 interventions-skit video, pictorial, and sign language-in improving the oral hygiene of children with hearing impairment. Materials and Methods . Sixty children randomly divided into 3 groups: Skit video, Pictorial, and Sign language. The mean gingival and Oral Hygiene Index scores were recorded before and after interventions. A 1-way ANOVA was used for statistically significant difference between pre and post intervention scores. Results . A significant difference in mean oral hygiene and gingival index scores before and after interventions was found in Group A ( P  < ...

Background. Stunting remains a major public health issue in developing countries like Ethiopia. It is termed as a chronic malnutrition which leads to morbidity and mortality among children. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with stunting among 6 to 59 months children in Ethiopia. Methods. A total weighted sample of 34 930 children aged 6 to 59 months was included in this study. A Multilevel Mixed-Effect logistic regression was carried out. The Median Odds Ratio (MOR) and the Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated...

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Objective. To create a prediction model for preterm neonatal mortality. Methods. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from a prospective cohort study, the Project to Understand and Research Preterm Pregnancy Outcome South Asia. The Cox proportional hazard model was used and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported. Results. Overall, 3446 preterm neonates were included. The mean age of preterm neonates was 0.65 (1.25) hours and 52% were female. The preterm neonatal mortality rate was 23...

Introduction. Pakistan has the highest childhood mortality associated with diarrheal diseases. The objective of this study is to identify underlying factors contributing to lack of knowledge among mothers regarding vaccine's efficacy in the prevention of diarrhea. Methodology. Secondary data was analyzed from a cross-sectional household survey in Northern Pakistan of eligible households having under-2-year children. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Results. Only 30% of the mothers had knowledge regarding diarrhea prevention by vaccine...

Objective. This study explores the impact of parental oral health knowledge on children's oral health, investigating if limited knowledge contributes to poor outcomes. The CAMBRA caries risk assessment and the World Health Organization dmft/DMFT index measure oral health. Methods. Over 23 months, the Knowledge Related to Oral Health Literacy (KROHL) questionnaire assesses parental knowledge in 4 domains and 5 oral health conditions. Pearson Correlation Coefficient analyzes the association between KROHL scores and CAMBRA outcomes...

Objectives. This study focused on assessing the diameter of the meatus before and after circumcision to evaluate meatal stenosis. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, boys who met the inclusion criteria, their demographic parameters, and meatus diameter were recorded. Thirty days after circumcision, complications were evaluated meatus diameter was measured again and their information was analyzed by SPSS 26 software. Results. Four hundred boys were studied, and it was found that 41 cases (10.3%) developed meatal stenosis after circumcision, with 85% having a pre-circumcision meatus diameter of 4 mm or less...

Dyke Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare neurological condition that results from brain injury during early childhood stages. The precise incidence of this condition is unknown, with a slight male predominance, and adult forms have been documented. Imaging findings reveal hemisphere atrophy along with ipsilateral compensatory skull changes and hyper-pneumatization of mastoid cells. The treatment approach involves anti-epileptic medications and hemispherectomy is reserved for cases with intractable seizures. This case report delineates the clinical manifestation and therapeutic approach employed in an 8-year-old male patient exhibiting pharmaco-resistant left hemi-body convulsive seizures...

Objectives. This study aimed to analyze the inter-molar width and skeletal base class to predict maxillary canine impaction in permanent dentition. Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out between September 2021 to March 2022. Patients aged between 13 and 20 years were recruited. These patients' cone-beam computer tomography(CBCT), lateral cephalogram, and dental casts were collected and analyzed. For statistical analysis, T -test and Chi-square tests were applied. Results. A total of 92 patients were enrolled in this study...

Objectives. To identify factors associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) at 28 days of life in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods . This observational study included 128 premature infants with BPD between January 2022 and February 2023 from the neonatal intensive care unit of Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Results . PH was observed using echocardiography in 29 patients (22.66%). The prevalence of severe BPD in the PH group (62.07%) was significantly higher than that in the non-PH group (18...

Objective. Interventions that effectively address HIV-related stigma are urgently needed to improve outcomes for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). We piloted a series of 4 short narrative films depicting Kenyan ALHIV's lived experiences of stigma and discrimination with 57 ALHIV and 50 adult caregivers of ALHIV in western Kenya. Methods. Participants completed either pre- and post-viewing questionnaires, including an HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination scale, or participated in post-viewing focus group discussions...

Introduction. The pneumonia pattern in young children may vary across different catchment areas. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the predictive factors for toddlers with an Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) developing into pneumonia in the catchment area of Banjar Regency, Indonesia. Methods. A case-control design, with 300 respondents, consisting of 106 cases and 194 controls. A questionnaire of interviews with mothers/caregivers of toddlers. Forty-one indicators data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with backward stepwise regression to arrive at the final model...

Objective. This study aims to investigate compliance and the influencing factors related to pediatric tuberculosis patients who are undergoing treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs in the Sichuan Province of China. Methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted between March 2019 and March 2021. The survey was distributed to caregivers of children aged 0 to 14 who had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. These children had been receiving oral anti-tuberculosis drug treatment for more than 1 month...

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis (DNH) is an infrequent condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of multiple cutaneous hemangiomas and the involvement of 3 or more organs. DNH is suspected when multiple hemangiomas are identified on the skin of the infant. Although it is benign in nature, DNH can lead to critical and life-threatening complications. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation with a significant emphasis on imaging techniques. In this case report, we present an unusual pediatric case of diffuse infantile hemangioendothelioma, for which the investigative approach included ultrasound and CT scans...

Objectives. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare complement-mediated kidney disease with genetic predisposition and represents up to 10% of pediatric hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases. Few studies have evaluated aHUS in Latin American population. We studied a Colombian pediatric cohort to delineate disease presentation and outcomes. Methods. A multicenter cohort of 27 Colombian children with aHUS were included. Patients were grouped by age at onset. Clinical features were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher exact tests...