Global Pediatric Health

Relatively rare, Rasmussen encephalitis is a chronic inflammatory disease conditioning a single cerebral hemisphere. It is a progressive pathology with different stages clinically and on MRI. Therefore, imaging has an important role in evoking the diagnosis and also excluding other possible etiologies. We report a case of Rasmussen encephalitis with 2 different stages on MRI and also provide a review of the role of imaging in diagnostic criteria, differential diagnoses, and stages of this pathology.

Objective. The Children's Hospitals in Africa Mapping Project survey was developed and implemented to assess the readiness of hospitals in sub-Saharan African to respond to emergencies, epidemics, and pandemics affecting children. Methods. This sub-study analyzed 56 survey questions that characterized the hospitals and assessed resources for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of community-acquired infections and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Results. Twenty-four sites were recruited and 20 (from 15 countries) completed the survey in 2018 to 2019...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Objective. The aim was to determine the association between access to dental services and toothbrushing in Peruvian children under 12 years old. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study with a population of 2021 database of the Demographic and Family Health Survey. Records of children under 12 years old who provided answers about their toothbrushing were included. Variables were evaluated descriptively and followed by a bivariate analysis; multivariate tests were performed using Poisson regression with a multilevel regression analysis...

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity occurring during several conditions and more frequently in those associated with severe hypertension. The diagnostic approach is possible by considering the clinical context and MRI data, where white matter abnormalities are observed predominantly in the parietal and occipital territories secondary to the formation of a vasogenic edema. The evolution is characterized by a reversibility of the lesions in case of early diagnosis and management...

Congenital facial palsy is a rare condition that can be categorized into traumatic and developmental etiologies. Trauma related congenital facial palsy represents by far the most frequent cause with a spontaneous complete recovery within weeks, contrary to developmental causes that can be syndromic or non-syndromic, and have a poor prognosis. We present the case of an 11-month-old boy who suffers a congenital facial palsy. He undergoes an MRI examination with the adapted sequences to assess the facial nerve, and a high-resolution CT scan that reveals a seventh cranial nerve agenesis...

Hydatid cyst disease is a health problem in some developing countries occurring in groups with permanent contact with dogs. It is a parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus Granulosus. The liver is the most common organ infected. If not treated appropriately; it may lead to developing life-threatening complications. Its rupture into bile ducts is the most frequent one, while hepatopulmonary fistula is a rare complication. We discuss the case of a child presenting those 2 complications as we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and the role of the radiologist...

Fetus in fetu is an uncommon medical anomaly characterized by the presence of a malformed fetus within the body of a living twin. Although the retroperitoneum is the most typical location, occurrences in the sacrococcygeal and dorsolumbar regions are rare. Ongoing debates center around its embryopathogenesis, debating whether it is a highly specialized teratoma or a result of parasitic twinning in a monozygotic monochorionic diamniotic pregnancy. Notably, distinguishing factors such as vertebral bodies and limbs are pivotal in discerning FIF from teratomas...

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents residing in Pakistan toward pits and fissure sealants in children. Materials and Methods. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2022 to March 2023. An online questionnaire was distributed through various social media platforms. Independent t-test and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were performed. Results. A total of 570 participants were recruited. For protection against tooth decay, most of the participants 456(80%) believed that fissure sealants should be placed to protect teeth from decay...

Rhinoscleroma is a rare benign granulomatous disease in children, the pathogen of which is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. Rhinoscleroma almost always affects the respiratory tract, the nasal cavities are the most common site, but can also be found over the entire extent of the respiratory tree, clinically the patient often presents with nasal obstruction with other non-specific signs, Histology is the basis of the diagnosis of rhinoscleroma. Early and appropriate medical treatment improves the prognosis and prevents progression to disabling sequelae...

Objectives . We investigated the challenges faced by mothers of preterm babies practicing KMC during the Covid-19 pandemic and documented the mothers' suggestions of possible interventions. Methods . We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study at the New Born Unit of Kenyatta National Hospital(KNH). We interviewed 82 mothers using a researcher-administered questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions. Qualitative data generated from open-ended questions was analyzed thematically. Results . KMC was majorly affected by; fear of the baby contracting COVID-19, fear of contracting COVID-19, and social distancing restrictions...

Objectives: Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes (EDS) are a family of heritable connective tissue diseases. Primary practitioners are capable of diagnosing and managing EDS; however, few are knowledgeable and comfortable enough to see patients with EDS, resulting in delays in diagnosis and care. This study explores the barriers physicians experience with diagnosing, managing, and caring for patients with EDS, and potential resolutions to those barriers. Methods : As part of a larger online study, providers (n = 107) in the United States were asked to specify "What information would improve (their) comfort" in diagnosing, caring for, and managing EDS via open-ended questions...

Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a rare hereditary autoinflammatory disease, with a widely variable clinical spectrum. It is characterized by febrile recurrent episodes and systemic inflammation. Data on therapeutic options for MKD are still limited and remain unknown in our country. We report Moroccan cases with MKD referred in our unit and treated with Anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Through this study, we evaluate the efficacy of this bioagent, in our 2 MKD patients, in whom Anakinra has shown a complete clinical remission, with a remaining mild inflammation for one case, and normalization of growth with rare episodes of cervical adenopathies for the second case...

Objective . This study aimed to investigate the association between motor coordination (MC), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and academic achievement (AA) among school students aged 11 to 13 in the West Bank/Palestine. Methods . A total of 252 students were assessed through tests measuring gross and fine motor coordination (Flamingo balance, plate tapping, and other tests). The CRF was evaluated by the 3-minute step test, while AA was measured using grade point average (GPA) and subject-specific grades. Results ...

Objective. This study aims to highlight the low birth weight (LBW) in Taiz City (Yemen), as LBW is one of the public health challenges experiencing a profound effect on newborns. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study since the interview and medical records were the sources of data to be analyzed by SPSS. Results. The findings of this study include; a high prevalence of LBW (39.11%), the maternal age was not associated with LBW ( P  = .68), and education level, economic status, residence place, and health status were not associated with LBW ( P  < ...

Meningocele is a rare congenital malformation of the central nervous system resulting from a herniation of the meninges containing cerebrospinal fluid through a bony defect in the skull. It is part of neural tube closure anomalies. The overall incidence of meningocele is 0.8 to 3 per 10 000 live births; it varies based on geographical location and race, with a predominance of occipital localization. Among diagnostic methods, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain crucial examinations...

Objective . To track the BP (blood pressure) trajectory of healthy infants during the first year of life of healthy infants born in Northeast Brazil. Methods . In this cohort study, BP was assessed by oscillometry at the first 24 hours of life and 12 months of age. Results . Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased with age ( P  < .001) and were not influenced by gender (SBP: P  = .178 and DBP: P  = .623) or type of delivery (SBP: P  = ...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness and safety of flexible ureteroscopy in children treated at our center during the last 5 years. Methods. Retrospectively, we have studied 41 children that suffered 51 stone episodes, and FURS for renal calculi <2 cm. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were gathered. Results . The mean age of the 41 kids who experienced 51 stone episodes was 9.6 [2.8] years (4.2-16 years). The mean stone diameter was 12.8 [3.3] mm (6-20 mm)...

Objectives . To evaluate carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and lipid profile in children with epilepsy on long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy. Methods . We included 60 children with epilepsy receiving valproate, carbamazepine, or levetiracetam monotherapy and 60 controls. A high-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to measure (CIMT). Measurement of serum lipids was done. Results . Patients on valproate (0.44 ± 0.03, P  ≤ .001), carbamazepine (0...