journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38107465/resilience-and-phenotypic-plasticity-of-arctic-char-salvelinus-alpinus-facing-cyclic-hypoxia-insights-into-growth-energy-stores-and-hepatic-metabolism
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Loïck Ducros, Mohamed Touaibia, Nicolas Pichaud, Simon G Lamarre
Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) is facing the decline of its southernmost populations due to several factors including rising temperatures and eutrophication. These conditions are also conducive to episodes of cyclic hypoxia, another possible threat to this species. In fact, lack of oxygen and reoxygenation can both have serious consequences on fish as a result of altered ATP balance and an elevated risk of oxidative burst. Thus, fish must adjust their phenotype to survive and equilibrate their energetic budget...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38107464/tracking-reproductive-events-hoof-growth-and-steroid-hormone-concentrations-in-hair-and-hoof-tissues-in-moose-alces-alces
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mandy J Keogh, Daniel P Thompson, John A Crouse
Measurements of reproductive and stress-related hormones in keratinous tissues (e.g. hair, claws, hooves, baleen) can provide a record of stress and reproductive response in wildlife. We evaluated a method to collect keratin tissue from hooves of immobilized moose ( Alces alces ) and validated enzyme immunoassays for measuring cortisol and progesterone in hooves and hair. We also measured the annual growth and wear rates of moose hooves. Progesterone (range: 1.0-43.7 pg/mg) and cortisol (range: 0.05-2...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38107463/effects-of-ontogeny-and-oiling-on-the-thermal-function-of-southern-sea-otter-enhydra-lutris-nereis-fur
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kate Riordan, Nicole M Thometz, Francesca I Batac, Teri E Nicholson, Heather E M Liwanag
During the evolution of most marine mammals, fur as an insulator has been replaced with more buoyant, energy storing and streamlining blubber. By contrast, the sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ) relies on insulation from its dense, air-trapping pelage, which differs morphologically between natal and adult stages. In this study, we investigated the ontogenetic changes in thermal function of southern sea otter ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) pelts in air, in water, and when saturated with crude oil. Pelt thermal conductivity, thickness, and thermal resistance were measured for six age classes: neonate (<1 month), small pup (1-2 months), large pup (3-5 months), juvenile (6 months-1 year), subadult (1-3 years), and adult (4-9 years)...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38093786/are-current-seed-storage-approaches-suitable-for-macrozamia-fraseri-cycadales-a-temperate-species-used-in-restoration
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shane R Turner, Simone Pedrini, Michael Just, Damian Grose, David Willyams, Kingsley W Dixon
In this study, we focused on understanding key storage traits of seeds from Macrozamia fraseri , an unusual though important species that is impacted by mining. To support current restoration activities, large amounts of seed from M. fraseri have been regularly collected and stored for up to 8 years under standard seed banking conditions (5°C and 20% relative humidity), though in situ recruitment from directly sown seed is poor. To investigate the underlying constraints to germination on demand, we set out to assess the viability of M...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090122/critical-review-of-the-phytohemagglutinin-assay-for-assessing-amphibian-immunity
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren Hawley, Kelly L Smalling, Scott Glaberman
Infectious diseases are a major driver of the global amphibian decline. In addition, many factors, including genetics, stress, pollution, and climate change can influence the response to pathogens. Therefore, it is important to be able to evaluate amphibian immunity in the laboratory and in the field. The phytohemagglutinin (PHA) assay is an inexpensive and relatively non-invasive tool that has been used extensively to assess immunocompetence, especially in birds, and more recently in amphibians. However, there is substantial variation in experimental methodology among amphibian PHA studies in terms of species and life stages, PHA doses and injection sites, and use of experimental controls...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076342/differential-heat-shock-protein-responses-in-two-species-of-pacific-salmon-and-their-utility-in-identifying-heat-stress
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanessa R von Biela, Amy M Regish, Lizabeth Bowen, Ashley E Stanek, Shannon Waters, Michael P Carey, Christian E Zimmerman, Jonathon Gerken, Daniel Rinella, Stephen D McCormick
Rapid and accelerating warming of salmon habitat has the potential to lower productivity of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus species) populations. Heat stress biomarkers can indicate where warming is most likely affecting fish populations; however, we often lack clear classifications that separate individuals with and without heat stress needed to make these tools operational. We conducted a heat exposure experiment with trials lasting 12 or 36 h using juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) and coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) to validate heat stress biomarkers in white muscle...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076341/effect-of-total-dissolved-gas-supersaturation-and-flow-velocity-on-survival-and-swimming-ability-of-juvenile-schizothorax-prenanti
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quan Yuan, Jun Du, Kefeng Li, Yuanming Wang, Ruifeng Liang
Although developing large-scale hydropower cascades in the upper Yangtze River effectively improves the hydropower resource utilization, it produces total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation. In the flood season, the high level of TDG supersaturation (TDGS) frequently occurs in the downstream of dams, causing migratory fish to suffer from gas bubble trauma (GBT) and reducing their survival and swimming ability. Currently, there is a deficiency in particular approaches to evaluate the ecological hazard posed by TDGS on migratory fish as they traverse different flow velocities within their migratory routes...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076340/intake-and-growth-histories-modulate-bone-morphology-microarchitecture-and-mineralization-in-juvenile-green-turtles-chelonia-mydas
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Morgan C Abell, José A Sánchez Hernández, Robin Bast, Karen A Bjorndal, Alan B Bolten, Alison M Roark
Compensatory growth (CG) is accelerated growth that occurs when food availability increases after food restriction. This rapid growth may be associated with sublethal consequences. In this study, we investigated the effects of food restriction and subsequent realimentation and CG on bone structure in juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas ). Turtles were fed ad libitum food for 12 weeks (AL), restricted food for 12 weeks (R), or restricted food for 5 weeks followed by ad libitum food for 7 weeks (R-AL)...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076339/soil-moisture-and-temperature-drive-emergence-delays-associated-with-fire-seasonality-in-eucalypt-forests
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Casey Ryan, John Nikolaus Callow, Wolfgang Lewandrowski, Ryan Tangney
Many ecosystems are well adapted to fire, although the impacts of fire seasonality and its effect on post-fire recruitment are less well understood. Late summer or autumn fires within eucalypt forests with a Mediterranean-type climate allow for seedling emergence during the cooler and wetter seasons. The emergence and survival after spring fires may be impacted by higher soil temperatures and water stress, delaying recruitment until the subsequent winter period. During this delay, seeds may be exposed to predation and decay, which reduce the viable seed bank...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076338/seasonal-temperatures-in-south-eleuthera-the-bahamas-have-considerable-impacts-on-the-cardiorespiratory-function-and-swimming-performance-of-nassau-grouper-epinephelus-striatus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E S Porter, A K Gamperl
Surprisingly, the impacts of environmental changes on the physiology of tropical/subtropical marine fishes have received limited attention. Given that (i) temperature is considered to be a key factor controlling the biology of fishes; (ii) no published data are available on the swimming performance, metabolic capacity or cardiac function of any of the ~165 grouper species worldwide; and (iii) the Nassau grouper is an endangered species of great ecological and socioeconomic significance in The Bahamas, we investigated how current summer/early fall (30°C) and winter (22°C) temperatures in South Eleuthera affected the aerobic metabolism and heart function of wild Nassau grouper when swum to exhaustion (i...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38053739/the-influence-of-tourist-visitation-on-the-heterophyl-to-lymphocyte-ratios-and-trophic-values-of-magellanic-penguins-spheniscus-magellanicus-at-martillo-island-argentina
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sabrina Harris, Gabriela Scioscia, Andrea Raya Rey
Wildlife tourism is increasing worldwide and monitoring the impact of tourism on wild populations is of the utmost importance for species conservation. The Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus colony at Martillo Island, Argentina, was studied in the 2016-2020 breeding seasons. In all seasons, adults and chicks belonged to: (i) an area close to or within the tourist trail or (ii) an area far from the tourist trail and out of sight of the tourists. Blood samples were taken for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition, in order to estimate trophic niches, and for smears that were made in situ and were then stained in the laboratory where leucocyte counts and differentiation were made under optical microscope...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026807/simultaneous-determination-of-steroid-hormones-and-pharmaceuticals-in-killer-whale-orcinus-orca-faecal-samples-by-liquid-chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew R S Ross, Xiangjun Liao, Tanya M Brown
We describe a non-invasive method for profiling selected hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in killer whales ( Orcinus orca ) based on analysis of faecal samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method targets 21 compounds of interest including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, progestogens, selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and an antibacterial/antifungal agent. This method is suitable for routine simultaneous determination of target compounds in killer whale faecal samples as well as validation of immunoassays for the detection and measurement of steroid hormones in faeces...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026806/seasonal-variation-in-molecular-and-physiological-stress-markers-in-asian-elephants
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susanna Ukonaho, Vérane Berger, Diogo J Franco Dos Santos, Win Htut, Htoo Htoo Aung, U Kyaw Nyeing, Sophie Reichert, Virpi Lummaa
Free-living species exhibit seasonal variation in various life history traits, including vital rates such as birth and death patterns. Different physiological mechanisms are thought to underlie the expression of life history traits that contribute to lifetime fitness. However, although the broad impacts of seasonality on life history traits and trade-offs is well established in many systems, the exact physiological mechanisms responsible for driving differences within and between individuals are poorly understood...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026805/hormonal-variation-and-temporal-dynamics-of-musth-in-asian-elephants-elephas-maximus-are-associated-with-age-body-condition-and-the-social-environment
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chase A LaDue, Kathleen E Hunt, Wendy K Kiso, Elizabeth W Freeman
The sustainability of endangered Asian elephants in human care is threatened in part by low breeding success and concerns over individual animal wellbeing. Male elephants have received less research attention compared to females, yet males deserve special consideration due to their unique reproductive biology (particularly the sexual state of "musth") and the complex interaction of physiological, environmental, and social pressures they face. We measured fecal androgen metabolites (FAMs), fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), and fecal triiodothyronine metabolites (FT3s) collected weekly over approximately 12 months from 26 male Asian elephants housed in zoos across the US, hypothesizing that FAM, FGM, and FT3 concentrations would be associated with temporal correlates of musth and would vary further with intrinsic (musth status, age, body condition) and extrinsic (social environment) factors...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026804/the-cost-of-sympatry-spatio-temporal-patterns-in-leopard-dietary-and-physiological-responses-to-tiger-competition-gradient-in-rajaji-tiger-reserve-uttarakhand-india
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shiv Kumari Patel, Sourabh Ruhela, Suvankar Biswas, Supriya Bhatt, Bivash Pandav, Samrat Mondol
Apex predators have critical roles in maintaining the structure of ecosystem functioning by controlling intraguild subordinate populations. Such dominant-subordinate interactions involve agonistic interactions including direct or indirect impacts on the subordinates. As these indirect effects are often mediated through physiological processes, it is important to quantify such responses to better understand population parameters. We used a large carnivore intraguild system involving tiger ( Panthera tigris ) and leopard ( Panthera pardus ) to understand the dietary and physiological responses under a spatio-temporal gradient of tiger competition pressures in Rajaji Tiger Reserve (RTR) between 2015 and 2020...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026803/dynamics-of-stored-lipids-in-fall-migratory-monarch-butterflies-danaus-plexippus-nectaring-in-northern-mexico-allows-recovery-from-droughts-at-higher-latitudes
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keith A Hobson, Orley Taylor, M Isabel Ramírez, Rogelio Carrera-Treviño, John Pleasants, Royce Bitzer, Kristen A Baum, Blanca X Mora Alvarez, Jude Kastens, Jeremy N McNeil
The eastern population of the North American monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) overwinters from November through March in the high-altitude (3000 m+) forests of central Mexico during which time they rely largely on stored lipids. These are acquired during larval development and the conversion of sugars from floral nectar by adults. We sampled fall migrant monarchs from southern Canada through the migratory route to two overwintering sites in 2019 (n = 10 locations), 2020 (n = 8 locations) and 2021 (n = 7 locations)...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026802/refining-the-moose-serum-progesterone-threshold-to-diagnose-pregnancy
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madeline Struck, William J Severud, Yvette M Chenaux-Ibrahim, Edmund J Isaac, Janine L Brown, Seth A Moore, Tiffany M Wolf
Pregnancy determination is necessary for sound wildlife management and understanding population dynamics. Pregnancy rates are sensitive to environmental and physiological factors and may indicate the overall trajectory of a population. Pregnancy can be assessed through direct methods (rectal palpation, sonography) or indicated using hormonal assays (serum progesterone or pregnancy-specific protein B, fecal progestogen metabolites). A commonly used threshold of 2 ng/ml of progesterone in serum has been used by moose biologists to indicate pregnancy but has not been rigorously investigated...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026801/between-hunter-and-climate-the-effects-of-hunting-and-environmental-change-on-fecal-glucocorticoid-metabolite-levels-in-two-sympatric-ungulate-species-in-the-ruaha-rungwa-ecosystem-tanzania
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kwaslema Malle Hariohay, Louis Hunninck, Peter S Ranke, Robert D Fyumagwa, Rupert Palme, Eivin Røskaft
Understanding the drivers of animal population decline is a key focus of conservation biologists. Anthropogenic activities such as hunting have long been established as potentially detrimental to a population's persistence. However, environmental perturbations such as increased temperature variability, exacerbated by climate change, can also have important effects on animal populations. Animals can respond to these challenges by adjusting both their behavior and physiology. We measured fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) of common impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) and greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros ), both currently in stable populations, to examine effects of hunting, forage availability, daily variability in temperature and group size on their physiological stress response...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026800/assessing-variation-in-faecal-glucocorticoid-concentrations-in-gray-whales-exposed-to-anthropogenic-stressors
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enrico Pirotta, Alejandro Fernandez Ajó, K C Bierlich, Clara N Bird, C Loren Buck, Samara M Haver, Joseph H Haxel, Lisa Hildebrand, Kathleen E Hunt, Leila S Lemos, Leslie New, Leigh G Torres
Understanding how individual animals respond to stressors behaviourally and physiologically is a critical step towards quantifying long-term population consequences and informing management efforts. Glucocorticoid (GC) metabolite accumulation in various matrices provides an integrated measure of adrenal activation in baleen whales and could thus be used to investigate physiological changes following exposure to stressors. In this study, we measured GC concentrations in faecal samples of Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus ) collected over seven consecutive years to assess the association between GC content and metrics of exposure to sound levels and vessel traffic at different temporal scales, while controlling for contextual variables such as sex, reproductive status, age, body condition, year, time of year and location...
2023: Conservation Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38026799/assessing-stress-physiology-within-a-conservation-breeding-program-for-an-endangered-species
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Falconer, M McAdie, G Mastromonaco, A I Schulte-Hostedde
Conservation breeding programs typically involve the management of individuals both in and ex situ , so it is vital to understand how the physiology of managed species changes in these environments to maximize program outcomes. The Vancouver Island marmot (VIM; Marmota vancouverensis ) is one species that has been managed in a conservation breeding program to recover the critically low wild population. Previous research has shown there are differences in hair glucocorticoid concentrations for VIMs in different managed groups in the program...
2023: Conservation Physiology
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