Obesity Science & Practice

BACKGROUND: Obesity-related cancers in the 16 Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries is quite prominent. The changes and time trends of the burden of obesity-related cancers in developing countries like SADC remain largely unknown. A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to assess the burden of obesity-related cancers, (liver, esophageal, breast, prostate, colon/rectal, leukemia, ovarian, uterine, pancreatic, kidney, gallbladder/biliary tract, and thyroid cancers) in SADC countries...

OBJECTIVE: Greater self-monitoring of caloric intake and weight has been associated with success at both initial weight loss and long-term maintenance. Given the existence of wide variability in weight loss outcomes and the key role of self-monitoring within behavioral weight management interventions, this study examined individual variability in associations between self-monitoring and weight change and whether demographic factors could predict who may best benefit from self-monitoring...

BACKGROUND: /Aims: Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) are novel anthropometric indices that have shown an association with metabolic syndrome; however, limited data are available regarding the predictive performance of these indices for the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality. METHODS: This study was performed on the data retrieved from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). ICS is an ongoing population-based cohort study conducted in 3 counties in central Iran...

BACKGROUND: The potential for developing frailty exists in middle-aged and older adults. While obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) increase the risk of frailty in older adults, this relationship remains unclear in middle-aged adults, who are prone to developing lifestyle-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of overweight/obesity and MetS on frailty development in middle-aged and older Japanese adults using real-world data. METHODS: This nationwide cohort study used exhaustive health insurance claims data of 3,958,708 Japanese people from 2015 to 2019 provided by the Japan Health Insurance Association...

AIMS: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. Studies on the impact of obesity on patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia have been conflicting, with some studies describing worse outcomes in patients with obesity, while other studies reporting no difference in outcomes. Previous studies on obesity and critical illness have described improved outcomes in patients with obesity, termed the "obesity paradox." The study assessed the impact of obesity on the outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalizations, using a nationally representative database...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children is on the rise. Dietary patterns (DPs) and socioeconomic status ( socioeconomic status (SES)) may relate to children's excess weight as a predictor of the risk of obesity in adulthood that may vary by geographical regions. AIM: The relationship between DPs and the development of obesity in preschool children has not been adequately evaluated. The present study evaluates this relationship by considering SES...

BACKGROUND: The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.75 h, spread throughout the period of wakefulness and ending before sleep. Food intake at an inappropriate circadian time may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that time restricted eating (TRE) may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim was to compare 24-h glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity in participants after completing 12 weeks of a behavioral weight loss intervention based on early TRE plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) or DCR alone...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of childhood and adult obesity is rising exponentially worldwide. Class IV obesity (body mass index, BMI ≥50 kg/m2 ) is associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. This study compared these outcomes between women with class IV obesity and women in the normal or overweight categories during pregnancy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in Qatar, including women having singleton live births beyond 24 weeks of gestation, classified into two class IV obesity and normal/overweight (BMI between 18...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate clinical, economic (including productivity), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes and associated individual characteristics among adults with overweight (OW) or obesity in the United States. METHODS: This study included adult respondents with body mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 kg/m2 in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Respondents were classified according to BMI...

INTRODUCTION: Both obesity and sedentary behavior (SB) are associated with negative health consequences including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, certain cancers and all-cause mortality. To date, perceived barriers and facilitators to interrupting SB in adults living with obesity have not been identified. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify these perceived barriers and facilitators by conducting a behavioral analysis underpinned by the theoretical domains framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model to enhance knowledge and inform future intervention development...

OBJECTIVE: Coding of obesity using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) in healthcare administrative databases is under-reported and thus unreliable for measuring prevalence or incidence. This study aimed to develop and test a rule-based algorithm for automating the detection and severity of obesity using height and weight collected in several sections of the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1904 inpatient charts randomly selected in three hospitals in Calgary, Canada between January and June 2015 were reviewed and linked with AllScripts Sunrise Clinical Manager EMRs...

OBJECTIVE: Since obesity and poor fitness appear to be unfavorable for both cardiovascular health and coping with viral infections such as COVID-19, they are of specific interest in light of the increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory events now seen after infection with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in late adolescence are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and mortality after COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: Daily weighing has been shown to help with weight management. In primary care, the majority of virtual visits will ask patients about their weight. However, little is known about whether patients, especially those in the Hispanic/Latino population, have access to a weight scale. Our aim was to determine scale access and perceived height and weight in the Hispanic/Latino population attending a volunteer, no cost, community clinic. METHODS: Questionnaires were issued to patients attending the community clinic and a comparator group attending a medically insured primary care practice...

BACKGROUND: Binge eating is a relatively common disordered eating behavior among children, and is associated with poor health outcomes. Executive function (EF)-higher order cognitive abilities related to planning and impulse control-may be implicated in both binge eating and pediatric obesity. Although EF deficits are evident among individuals with obesity and/or binge eating, findings are mixed across the lifespan. METHODS: The present study examined differences in EF among children with varying weight statuses and parent-reported binge eating...

OBJECTIVE: Greater perceived social support (PSS) is associated with more favorable changes in weight loss, activity behaviors, and eating regulation after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). However, studies have relied on generic, retrospective PSS measures, and stability of PSS levels and relations with weight loss and weight-related behaviors over time is unknown. Using smartphone-based Ecological Momentary Assessment, this study evaluated pre-to 1-year post-MBS changes in daily weight management-focused PSS and associations with weight loss, device-measured activity behaviors, and eating regulation before and during the initial year after MBS...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates whether psychological well-being in post-bariatric patients seeking body contouring procedures differs from those who do not seek body contouring procedures, those who have already undergone body contouring procedures, and those who are unsure about body contouring procedures. METHODS: An anonymous, nonrandomized, cross-sectional survey study was designed. Psychological well-being of four groups of post-bariatric-patients (undergone body contouring procedures, seeking body contouring procedures, not seeking body contouring procedures, unsure about body contouring procedures) were compared...

OBJECTIVE: Long pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is an acute phase protein associated with cardiovascular disease, lung injury, and mortality. We evaluated the association between computed tomography (CT)-measurements of adipose tissue and plasma levels of PTX-3. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of community-dwelling adults enrolled in the multi-center Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who underwent cardiac or abdominal CT and had available PTX-3 measurements...

OBJECTIVE: Obesity and many of its comorbidities can be improved by nutritional therapy, lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and surgical intervention. Relatively little is known about patients' preferences for the range of obesity treatments. The present study was undertaken to identify factors that may influence these preferences. By evaluating patient-preferred treatment options and factors influencing patients, treatment adherence and efficacy may be improved. Our objective was to identify factors that influence patient preferences and subsequent choice of obesity treatment among those seeking treatment for obesity-related complications...

OBJECTIVE: Responders of the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster suffer from co-morbidities. A Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) nutrition intervention with physical activity was implemented among WTC responders with overweight/obesity and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: WTC Health Program members ( N  = 62), 45-65 years, males 87%, body mass index (BMI) 27-45 kg/m2 randomized to MedDiet ( n  = 31) or usual nutrition counseling ( n  = 31)...

BACKGROUND: During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, decreases in physical activity (PA) and increases in sedentary behavior (SB) were reported among children in the United States (U.S.). This follow-up analysis examines 13-month effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's PA and SB one year into the pandemic. METHODS: Parents of 5-13-year-old children in the U.S. ( N  = 71) reported on their child's PA and SB during the early COVID-19 period (April-May 2020) and again 12-14 months later (June-July 2021)...