Journal of Ultrasonography

AIM OF THE STUDY: We present a case report of enlarged cisterna chyli in a 25-year-old woman. The diagnosis was made during a routine abdominal ultrasound examination and afterwards verified with contrast-enhanced MRI. CASE DESCRIPTION: Ultrasound revealed a large, lobulated, anechoic cystic structure with thin, smooth walls, lacking any solid components. The lesion was located in the retroperitoneal space, beneath the head of the pancreas, between the partially compressed inferior vena cava and the aorta, extending almost to the aortic bifurcation...

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present paper is to determine the diagnostic features of the rare presentation of osteochondroma in the mandible. The unusual aspect in this case is that the diagnosis was not established with cone beam computer tomography, which is a commonly used radiographic technique in dentistry, but with the use of ultrasonography. CASE DESCRIPTION: Ultrasonography is very useful for initial examinations, avoiding patient exposure to additional radiation and setting the diagnosis in debatable soft tissue involvement of various lesions...

AIM OF THE STUDY: We report a case of a blind-ending bifid ureter in a 67-year-old woman with ascites initially diagnosed with B-mode and Color Doppler ultrasonography and afterwards verified with contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography. A literature review of the pathogenesis, sonographic appearance with differential diagnoses and clinical significance is also presented and discussed. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was referred for an abdominal ultrasound due to enlarged abdomen circumference...

BACKGROUND: The assessment of elite athletes after SARS-CoV-2 infection gives rise to doubts concerning return-to-play decisions: what period of convalescence is needed and what diagnostic measures are appropriate. While cardiovascular protocols have been widely discussed in the literature, lung parenchyma imaging was only briefly mentioned, and the usefulness of lung ultrasound has been not considered yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 elite Caucasian male athletes (mean age: 26...

BACKGROUND: Distal radius fractures are the most common pediatric fractures, increasing in number in recent decades. Although simple bi-planar radiographs are sufficient for diagnosis, wrist ultrasonography has been popularized in recent years for fracture detection, mostly because of the concern about children's radiation exposure. Despite its availability and diagnostic accuracy, ultrasound has not gained widespread acceptance and popularity among orthopedic surgeons. We asked about the reasons for its lack of acceptance as a diagnostic tool by orthopedic surgeons, and its failure to be incorporated into diagnostic algorithms...

AIM: The term "branchial cleft cyst" refers to the lesions that can be considered synonymous with cervical lymphoepithelial cysts. Although relatively rare, they constitute the second major cause of head and neck pathologies in childhood. This study aimed to report the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of pediatric patients with the pathological diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of the records of 33 patients with the diagnosis of branchial cyst, in two different university hospitals, in two different populations...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Given its complex clinical presentation, the disorder frequently causes diagnostic challenges. In most cases, the primary manifestation is in the lungs and mediastinum. Breast involvement as the primary manifestation of sarcoidosis is rare, accounting for less than 1% of cases. The authors present the case of a 44-year-old woman whose disease first manifested as multiple non-specific BIRADS 4 lesions in both breasts, accompanied by axillary lymphadenopathy, detected by ultrasound examination...

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease both in its clinical and radiological manifestations and response to treatment. This is largely due to the polymorphism of the histological types as well as diversified molecular profiles of individual breast cancer types. Progress in the understanding of the biology of breast cancer was made with the introduction of immunohistochemical research into the common practice. On this basis, four main breast cancer subtypes were distinguished: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 positive (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive), and triple negative cancer...

The aim of this article is to provide a short review of the literature concerning the basic principles, usefulness and limitations of ultrasound-guided biopsy of musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors, with particular focus on core needle biopsies. Musculoskeletal soft-tissue tumors represent a rare and complex group of heterogeneous lesions. Prompt diagnosis of these uncommon lesions can improve the outcome and increase the patient survival rate. A biopsy examination of soft-tissue tumors with imaging modalities is necessary in all cases of aggressive or undetermined lesions...

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy is an excellent diagnostic tool for solid pancreatic lesions. It allows for identifying neoplastic pancreatic tumors with nearly 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Unresectable tumor assessment prior to planned palliative treatment is the primary indication for percutaneous pancreatic tumor biopsy. In the case of potential tumors eligible for radical surgery, endosonography-guided biopsy is used, if clinically necessary, to avoid the peritoneal spread of tumor cells during puncture...

Thyroid cancer is a tumour with a steadily increasing incidence. It accounts for 7% to 15% of focal lesions detected by ultrasound, depending on age, gender and other factors affecting its occurrence. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is an essential method to establish the diagnosis but, in view of its limitations, sonoelastography is seen as a non-invasive technique useful in differentiating the nature of lesions and monitoring them after fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This paper presents a literature review on the role of both sonoelastographic techniques (relative strain sonoelastography, shear wave sonoelastography) to assess the deformability of focal thyroid lesions...

Breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women, is a major problem both in Poland and worldwide. Mammography remains the primary screening method. However, the sensitivity of mammographic screening is lower in women with dense glandular breasts due to tissue overlap and the effect of the glandular tissue obscuring the tumor and the fact that tumors and glandular tissue show similar X-ray absorption. Consequently, other methods are being sought to increase breast cancer detection rates. Currently, the most common and used methods are ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging and advanced mammographic methods (digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography)...

Uterine tumors are a challenge encountered by every gynecologist in clinical practice. In the era of increasing incidence of endometrial cancer in the general population of women at reproductive age, compared to other genital malignancies, we should not forget about other tumors originating from the mucous and muscular layer of the uterus. Clear ultrasonographic differentiation of uterine tumors into benign (myomas) and malignant (sarcomas) lesions may sometimes prove impossible. Myomas, the most common uterine tumors, are characterized by discrete vascularization on color Doppler and high blood flow velocity as well as the lack of early diastolic notch on Doppler ultrasound...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly becoming the first treatment step in breast cancer. Despite the enormous advantages of this therapy, it is a method characterized by a high level of toxicity and thus carries a huge burden for the patient. Therefore, it is highly desirable to begin monitoring the patient's response to treatment at an earlier stage. Currently, apart from traditional imaging methods, a completely new technique (in the context of monitoring the outcomes of chemotherapy), called quantitative ultrasound, is gaining popularity...

Numerous scientific societies around the world have published their TIRADS (Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) classifications that evaluate the risk of malignancy of focal thyroid lesions, presenting different ultrasound features for each category and lesion size thresholds to determine eligibility for biopsy. The use of such risk estimation systems in focal thyroid lesions facilitates the reporting of thyroid ultrasound findings and improves the qualification of focal lesions for fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)...

Purpose: Pseudotumor is a rare complication after arthroplasty, most often of the hip joint, in response to metal particles present in the implant. There are merely sporadic reports of pseudotumor in patients with bone sarcoma after sparing surgery with endoprosthesis implant. The aim of this study is to present the characteristic imaging features of pseudotumor. Case report: We present a case of a 21-year-old male patient in whom a scheduled follow-up ultrasound revealed a painless lesion suspected of local recurrence at the border of the endoprosthesis and the bone stump 3...

Aim of the study: Deep neural networks have achieved good performance in breast mass classification in ultrasound imaging. However, their usage in clinical practice is still limited due to the lack of explainability of decisions conducted by the networks. In this study, to address the explainability problem, we generated saliency maps indicating ultrasound image regions important for the network's classification decisions. Material and methods: Ultrasound images were collected from 272 breast masses, including 123 malignant and 149 benign...

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of lung ultrasound in diagnosing and differentiating transient tachypnea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates. Material and methods: This was a single-center study. From January 2020 to June 2021. A total of 100 preterm neonates, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with symptoms of respiratory distress within six hours of birth, including 50 diagnosed with transient tachypnea of the newborn and 50 with respiratory distress syndrome on the basis of clinical examination, laboratory testing, chest X-rays, were recruited in the study...

The ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, genitofemoral, obturator, and pudendal nerves are the major sensory nerves that may be involved in chronic groin and genital pain with a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. The diagnosis remains clinical, and US-guided diagnostic injections using an anesthetic may aid in confirming the clinical suspicion. The anatomy of the peripheral nerves can be successfully studied using imaging. High-resolution ultrasound is increasingly used in the clinical setting for visualizing small peripheral nerves, and magnetic resonance imaging provides an anatomical overview of the relationship between small nerves and surrounding structures...

Purpose: One of the common causes of gait disturbance in children is increased femoral anteversion. There are not enough publications in the literature on muscles related to the hip joint in increased femoral anteversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the femoral anteversion angle and hip muscle elasticity in children walking inward, using shear wave elastography (SWE). Material and methods: Seventeen children with bilateral increased femoral anteversion angle in computed tomography were prospectively included in this study...