journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536912/no-replication-of-direct-neuronal-activity-related-diana-fmri-in-anesthetized-mice
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sang-Han Choi, Geun Ho Im, Sangcheon Choi, Xin Yu, Peter A Bandettini, Ravi S Menon, Seong-Gi Kim
Direct imaging of neuronal activity (DIANA) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) could be a revolutionary approach for advancing systems neuroscience research. To independently replicate this observation, we performed fMRI experiments in anesthetized mice. The blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response to whisker stimulation was reliably detected in the primary barrel cortex before and after DIANA experiments; however, no DIANA-like fMRI peak was observed in individual animals' data with the 50 to 300 trials...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536911/select-ezh2-inhibitors-enhance-viral-mimicry-effects-of-dnmt-inhibition-through-a-mechanism-involving-nfat-ap-1-signaling
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison A Chomiak, Rochelle L Tiedemann, Yanqing Liu, Xiangqian Kong, Ying Cui, Ashley K Wiseman, Kate E Thurlow, Evan M Cornett, Michael J Topper, Stephen B Baylin, Scott B Rothbart
DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) efficacy in solid tumors is limited. Colon cancer cells exposed to DNMTi accumulate lysine-27 trimethylation on histone H3 (H3K27me3). We propose this Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)-dependent repressive modification limits DNMTi efficacy. Here, we show that low-dose DNMTi treatment sensitizes colon cancer cells to select EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2is). Integrative epigenomic analysis reveals that DNMTi-induced H3K27me3 accumulates at genomic regions poised with EZH2. Notably, combined EZH2i and DNMTi alters the epigenomic landscape to transcriptionally up-regulate the calcium-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT):activating protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536910/changes-in-an-enzyme-ensemble-during-catalysis-observed-by-high-resolution-xfel-crystallography
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathan Smith, Medhanjali Dasgupta, David C Wych, Cole Dolamore, Raymond G Sierra, Stella Lisova, Darya Marchany-Rivera, Aina E Cohen, Sébastien Boutet, Mark S Hunter, Christopher Kupitz, Frédéric Poitevin, Frank R Moss, David W Mittan-Moreau, Aaron S Brewster, Nicholas K Sauter, Iris D Young, Alexander M Wolff, Virendra K Tiwari, Nivesh Kumar, David B Berkowitz, Ryan G Hadt, Michael C Thompson, Alec H Follmer, Michael E Wall, Mark A Wilson
Enzymes populate ensembles of structures necessary for catalysis that are difficult to experimentally characterize. We use time-resolved mix-and-inject serial crystallography at an x-ray free electron laser to observe catalysis in a designed mutant isocyanide hydratase (ICH) enzyme that enhances sampling of important minor conformations. The active site exists in a mixture of conformations, and formation of the thioimidate intermediate selects for catalytically competent substates. The influence of cysteine ionization on the ICH ensemble is validated by determining structures of the enzyme at multiple pH values...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536909/atom-by-atom-imaging-of-moir%C3%A3-transformations-in-2d-transition-metal-dichalcogenides
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yichao Zhang, Ji-Hwan Baek, Chia-Hao Lee, Yeonjoon Jung, Seong Chul Hong, Gillian Nolan, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Gwan-Hyoung Lee, Pinshane Y Huang
Understanding the atomic-scale mechanisms that govern the structure of interfaces is critical across materials systems but particularly so for two-dimensional (2D) moiré materials. Here, we image, atom-by-atom, the thermally induced structural evolution of twisted bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides using in situ transmission electron microscopy. We observe low-temperature, local conversion of moiré superlattice into nanoscale aligned domains. Unexpectedly, this process occurs by nucleating a new grain within one monolayer, whose crystal orientation is templated by the other...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536908/tisb-protein-is-the-single-molecular-determinant-underlying-multiple-downstream-effects-of-ofloxacin-in-escherichia-coli
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julien Cayron, Thierry Oms, Tatjana Schlechtweg, Safia Zedek, Laurence Van Melderen
Bactericidal antibiotics can cause metabolic perturbations that contribute to antibiotic-induced lethality. The molecular mechanism underlying these downstream effects remains unknown. Here, we show that ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone that poisons DNA gyrase, induces a cascade of metabolic changes that are dependent on an active SOS response. We identified the SOS-regulated TisB protein as the unique molecular determinant responsible for cytoplasmic condensation, proton motive force dissipation, loss of pH homeostasis, and H2 O2 accumulation in Escherichia coli cells treated with high doses of ofloxacin...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536907/food-matters-dietary-shifts-increase-the-feasibility-of-1-5%C3%A2-c-pathways-in-line-with-the-paris-agreement
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Florian Humpenöder, Alexander Popp, Leon Merfort, Gunnar Luderer, Isabelle Weindl, Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Miodrag Stevanović, David Klein, Renato Rodrigues, Nico Bauer, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Johan Rockström
A transition to healthy diets such as the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet could considerably reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the specific contributions of dietary shifts for the feasibility of 1.5°C pathways remain unclear. Here, we use the open-source integrated assessment modeling (IAM) framework REMIND-MAgPIE to compare 1.5°C pathways with and without dietary shifts. We find that a flexitarian diet increases the feasibility of the Paris Agreement climate goals in different ways: The reduction of GHG emissions related to dietary shifts, especially methane from ruminant enteric fermentation, increases the 1...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517974/erratum-for-the-research-article-clots-reveal-anomalous-elastic-behavior-of-fiber-networks-by-zakharov-et%C3%A2-al
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517973/iterative-nanoparticle-bioengineering-enabled-by-x-ray-fluorescence-imaging
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giovanni M Saladino, Bertha Brodin, Ronak Kakadiya, Muhammet S Toprak, Hans M Hertz
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently developed for drug delivery and molecular imaging. However, they often get intercepted before reaching their target, leading to low targeting efficacy and signal-to-noise ratio. They tend to accumulate in organs like lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The remedy is to iteratively engineer NP surface properties and administration strategies, presently a time-consuming process that includes organ dissection at different time points. To improve this, we propose a rapid iterative approach using whole-animal x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging to systematically evaluate NP distribution in vivo...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517972/stochastic-neuro-fuzzy-system-implemented-in-memristor-crossbar-arrays
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tuo Shi, Hui Zhang, Shiyu Cui, Jinchang Liu, Zixi Gu, Zhanfeng Wang, Xiaobing Yan, Qi Liu
Neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence has garnered considerable attention amid increasing industry demands for high-performance neural networks that are interpretable and adaptable to previously unknown problem domains with minimal reconfiguration. However, implementing neuro-symbolic hardware is challenging due to the complexity in symbolic knowledge representation and calculation. We experimentally demonstrated a memristor-based neuro-fuzzy hardware based on TiN/TaO x /HfO x /TiN chips that is superior to its silicon-based counterpart in terms of throughput and energy efficiency by using array topological structure for knowledge representation and physical laws for computing...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517971/chemosensory-detection-of-polyamine-metabolites-guides-c-elegans-to-nutritive-microbes
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Brissette, Lia Ficaro, Chenguang Li, Drew R Jones, Sharad Ramanathan, Niels Ringstad
Much is known about molecular mechanisms by which animals detect pathogenic microbes, but how animals sense beneficial microbes remains poorly understood. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is a microbivore that must distinguish nutritive microbes from pathogens. We characterized a neural circuit used by C. elegans to rapidly discriminate between nutritive bacteria and pathogens. Distinct sensory neuron populations responded to chemical cues from nutritive Escherichia coli and pathogenic Enterococcus faecalis , and these neural signals are decoded by downstream AIB interneurons...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517970/modeling-the-inner-part-of-the-jet-in-m87-confronting-jet-morphology-with-theory
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai Yang, Feng Yuan, Hui Li, Yosuke Mizuno, Fan Guo, Rusen Lu, Luis C Ho, Xi Lin, Andrzej A Zdziarski, Jieshuang Wang
The formation of jets in black hole accretion systems is a long-standing problem. It has been proposed that a jet can be formed by extracting the rotation energy of the black hole ("BZ-jet") or the accretion flow ("disk-jet"). While both models can produce collimated relativistic outflows, neither has successfully explained the observed jet morphology. By using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations and considering nonthermal electrons accelerated by magnetic reconnection that is likely driven by magnetic eruption in the underlying accretion flow, we obtain images by radiative transfer calculations and compared them to millimeter observations of the jet in M87...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517969/generation-of-entangled-waveguided-photon-pairs-by-free-electrons
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Theis P Rasmussen, Álvaro Rodríguez Echarri, Joel D Cox, F Javier García de Abajo
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum technologies. While intense laser light propagating in nonlinear crystals is conventionally used to generate entangled photons, such schemes have low efficiency due to the weak nonlinear response of known materials and losses associated with in/out photon coupling. Here, we show how to generate entangled polariton pairs directly within optical waveguides using free electrons. The measured energy loss of undeflected electrons heralds the production of counter-propagating polariton pairs entangled in energy and emission direction...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517968/peripheral-priming-induces-plastic-transcriptomic-and-proteomic-responses-in-circulating-neutrophils-required-for-pathogen-containment
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rainer Kaiser, Christoph Gold, Markus Joppich, Quentin Loew, Anastassia Akhalkatsi, Tonina T Mueller, Felix Offensperger, Augustin Droste Zu Senden, Oliver Popp, Lea di Fina, Viktoria Knottenberg, Alejandro Martinez-Navarro, Luke Eivers, Afra Anjum, Raphael Escaig, Nils Bruns, Eva Briem, Robin Dewender, Abhinaya Muraly, Sezer Akgöl, Bartolo Ferraro, Jonathan K L Hoeflinger, Vivien Polewka, Najib Ben Khaled, Julian Allgeier, Steffen Tiedt, Martin Dichgans, Bernd Engelmann, Wolfgang Enard, Philipp Mertins, Norbert Hubner, Ludwig Weckbach, Ralf Zimmer, Steffen Massberg, Konstantin Stark, Leo Nicolai, Kami Pekayvaz
Neutrophils rapidly respond to inflammation and infection, but to which degree their functional trajectories after mobilization from the bone marrow are shaped within the circulation remains vague. Experimental limitations have so far hampered neutrophil research in human disease. Here, using innovative fixation and single-cell-based toolsets, we profile human and murine neutrophil transcriptomes and proteomes during steady state and bacterial infection. We find that peripheral priming of circulating neutrophils leads to dynamic shifts dominated by conserved up-regulation of antimicrobial genes across neutrophil substates, facilitating pathogen containment...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517967/isotopic-biographies-reveal-horse-rearing-and-trading-networks-in-medieval-london
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander J E Pryor, Carly Ameen, Robert Liddiard, Gary Baker, Katherine S Kanne, J Andy Milton, Christopher D Standish, Bastian Hambach, Ludovic Orlando, Lorelei Chauvey, Stephanie Schiavinato, Laure Calvière-Tonasso, Gaetan Tressières, Stefanie Wagner, John Southon, Beth Shapiro, Alan Pipe, Oliver H Creighton, Alan K Outram
This paper reports a high-resolution isotopic study of medieval horse mobility, revealing their origins and in-life mobility both regionally and internationally. The animals were found in an unusual horse cemetery site found within the City of Westminster, London, England. Enamel strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analysis of 15 individuals provides information about likely place of birth, diet, and mobility during the first approximately 5 years of life. Results show that at least seven horses originated outside of Britain in relatively cold climates, potentially in Scandinavia or the Western Alps...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517966/-sf3b1-mutations-provide-genetic-vulnerability-to-copper-ionophores-in-human-acute-myeloid-leukemia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Céline Moison, Deanne Gracias, Julie Schmitt, Simon Girard, Jean-François Spinella, Simon Fortier, Isabel Boivin, Rodrigo Mendoza-Sanchez, Bounkham Thavonekham, Tara MacRae, Nadine Mayotte, Eric Bonneil, Mark Wittman, James Carmichael, Réjean Ruel, Pierre Thibault, Josée Hébert, Anne Marinier, Guy Sauvageau
In a phenotypical screen of 56 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples and using a library of 10,000 compounds, we identified a hit with increased sensitivity toward SF3B1 -mutated and adverse risk AMLs. Through structure-activity relationship studies, this hit was optimized into a potent, specific, and nongenotoxic molecule called UM4118. We demonstrated that UM4118 acts as a copper ionophore that initiates a mitochondrial-based noncanonical form of cell death known as cuproptosis. CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen further revealed that iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) deficiency enhances copper-mediated cell death...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517965/how-to-identify-cell-material-in-a-single-ice-grain-emitted-from-enceladus-or-europa
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fabian Klenner, Janine Bönigk, Maryse Napoleoni, Jon Hillier, Nozair Khawaja, Karen Olsson-Francis, Morgan L Cable, Michael J Malaska, Sascha Kempf, Bernd Abel, Frank Postberg
Icy moons like Enceladus, and perhaps Europa, emit material sourced from their subsurface oceans into space via plumes of ice grains and gas. Both moons are prime targets for astrobiology investigations. Cassini measurements revealed a large compositional diversity of emitted ice grains with only 1 to 4% of Enceladus's plume ice grains containing organic material in high concentrations. Here, we report experiments simulating mass spectra of ice grains containing one bacterial cell, or fractions thereof, as encountered by advanced instruments on board future space missions to Enceladus or Europa, such as the SUrface Dust Analyzer onboard NASA's upcoming Europa Clipper mission at flyby speeds of 4 to 6 kilometers per second...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517964/aligned-carbon-nanotube-based-electronics-on-glass-wafer
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohan Cheng, Zipeng Pan, Chenwei Fan, Zhichen Wu, Li Ding, Lian-Mao Peng
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to excellent electronic properties, are emerging as a promising semiconductor for diverse electronic applications with superiority over silicon. However, until now, the supposed superiority of CNTs by "head-to-head" comparison within a well-defined voltage range remains unrealized. Here, we report aligned CNT (ACNT)-based electronics on a glass wafer and successfully develop a 250-nm gate length ACNT-based field-effect transistor (FET) with an almost identical transfer curve to a "90-nm" node silicon device, indicating a three- to four-generation superiority...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517963/non-steady-state-thermometry-with-optical-diffraction-tomography
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adarsh B Vasista, Bernard Ciraulo, Falko Schmidt, Jaime Ortega Arroyo, Romain Quidant
Label-free thermometry is a pivotal tool for many disciplines. However, most current approaches are only suitable for planar heat sources in steady state, thereby restricting the range of systems that can be reliably studied. Here, we introduce pump probe-based optical diffraction tomography (ODT) as a method to map temperature precisely and accurately in three dimensions (3D) at the single-particle level. To do so, we first systematically characterize the thermal landscape in a model system consisting of gold nanorods in a microchamber and then benchmark the results against simulations and quantitative phase imaging thermometry...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517962/foxl2-interaction-with-different-binding-partners-regulates-the-dynamics-of-ovarian-development
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberta Migale, Michelle Neumann, Richard Mitter, Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee, Sophie Wood, Jessica Olsen, Robin Lovell-Badge
The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility. Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to distinctive outcomes, suggesting different roles across development. Here, we comprehensively investigated FOXL2's role through a multi-omics approach to characterize gene expression dynamics and chromatin accessibility changes, coupled with genome-wide identification of FOXL2 targets and on-chromatin interacting partners in somatic cells across ovarian development...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517961/bone-inspired-stress-gaining-elastomer-enabled-by-dynamic-molecular-locking
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yang Wang, Qingbao Guan, Yue Guo, Lijie Sun, Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany, Xuran Guo, Hongfei Huang, Lei Yang, Zhengwei You
The limited capacity of typical materials to resist stress loading, which affects their mechanical performance, is one of the most formidable challenges in materials science. Here, we propose a bone-inspired stress-gaining concept of converting typically destructive stress into a favorable factor to substantially enhance the mechanical properties of elastomers. The concept was realized by a molecular design of dynamic poly(oxime-urethanes) network with mesophase domains. During external loading, the mesophase domains in the condensed state were aligned into more ordered domains, and the dynamic oxime-urethane bonds served as the dynamic molecular locks disassociating and reorganizing to facilitate and fix the mesophase domains...
March 22, 2024: Science Advances
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