JAMA Oncology

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IMPORTANCE: Toxic effects of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) can cause treatment interruptions and hospitalizations, reducing treatment efficacy and increasing health care costs. Physical activity monitoring may enable early identification of patients at high risk for hospitalization who may benefit from proactive intervention. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate machine learning (ML) approaches based on daily step counts collected by wearable devices on prospective trials to predict hospitalizations during CRT...

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IMPORTANCE: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) is extensively used to guide treatment decisions in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, its assessment is subjective, potentially leading to discordance among observers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between measured physical activity and ECOG PS, as well as the potential prognostic value of physical activity measurements in patients with advanced lung cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This single-institution, prospective observational study enrolled 119 patients with advanced lung cancer scheduled to receive systemic therapy as outpatients at Matsusaka Municipal Hospital in Mie, Japan...

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IMPORTANCE: Biologic features may affect pathologic complete response (pCR) and event-free survival (EFS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus ERBB2/HER2 blockade in ERBB2/HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC). OBJECTIVE: To define the quantitative association between pCR and EFS by intrinsic subtype and by other gene expression signatures in a pooled analysis of 3 phase 3 trials: CALGB 40601, NeoALTTO, and NSABP B-41. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this retrospective pooled analysis, 1289 patients with EBC received chemotherapy plus either trastuzumab, lapatinib, or the combination, with a combined median follow-up of 5...

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IMPORTANCE: Despite the clear potential benefits of neoadjuvant therapy, the optimal neoadjuvant regimen for patients with high-risk resectable melanoma (HRRM) is not known. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of dual checkpoint inhibitors with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD1) therapy in a neoadjuvant setting among patients with HRRM. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this pooled analysis of clinical trials, studies were selected provided they investigated immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, were published between January 2018 and March 2023, and were phase 1, 2, or 3 clinical trials...

IMPORTANCE: To date, no meta-analyses have comprehensively assessed the association of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in randomized and nonrandomized settings. In addition, there exists controversy concerning the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for patients with NSCLC with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels less than 1%. OBJECTIVE: To compare neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with chemotherapy by adverse events and surgical, pathological, and efficacy outcomes using recently published randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized trials...

IMPORTANCE: Racially minoritized and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are currently underrepresented in clinical trials. Data-driven, quantitative analyses and strategies are required to help address this inequity. OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the geographical distribution of self-identified racial and socioeconomic demographics within commuting distance to cancer clinical trial centers and other hospitals in the US. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal quantitative study used data from the US Census 2020 Decennial and American community survey (which collects data from all US residents), OpenStreetMap, National Cancer Institute-designated Cancer Centers list, Nature Index of Cancer Research Health Institutions, National Trial registry, and National Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data...

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