Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes with a complex pathophysiology and multiple factors involved. Recently, it has been found that the upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leads to overexpression of angiotensin II (Ang II), which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the retina. Therefore, RAAS may be a promising therapeutic target in DR. Notably, RAAS inhibitors are often used in the treatment of hypertension. Still, the potential role and mechanism of DR must be further studied...

Thyroid storm is a rare but well-known life-threatening complication that occurs due to acute exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis with the increased levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Reports of metabolic encephalopathy associated with thyroid storm are scarce. We describe the case of a 23-year-old male patient with no previous history of abnormal thyroid function who had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol before disease onset. The patient was found unconscious and febrile on a roadside by a passerby and was admitted to our hospital's emergency department...

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems for insulin delivery in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2023 comparing the HCL therapy with control therapies for children and adolescents with T1D. We computed weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binary endpoints...

OBJECTIVE: Although 18 F-sodium fluoride (18 F-NaF) uptake is frequently observed in extraosseous metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) with calcification, itcan also occur in metastatic sites without visible calcium deposition, leading to the hypothesis that visually undetectable calcium accumulation may be responsible for this uptake. The aim of this study was to indirectly support this hypothesis by analyzing the correlation between the degree of 18 F-NaF uptake and radiodensity in extraosseous MTC metastases, since calcium deposition can increase attenuation even when not visually detectable...

Dopamine agonists are the first line of treatment for patients with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia due to prolactinomas and in those with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. Treatment with these agents is effective in 80%-90% of the cases. Infertility treatment of patients with hyperprolactinemia is also carried out with dopamine agonists, aiming for the normalization of prolactin levels. The risk of symptomatic growth of prolactinomas during pregnancy is dependent on the tumor's size, duration of previous treatments, and prolactin levels...

Hyperprolactinemia is a frequent cause of menstrual irregularity, galactorrhea, hypogonadism, and infertility. The most common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia can be classified as physiological, pharmacological, and pathological. Among pathological conditions, it is essential to distinguish prolactinomas from other tumors and pituitary lesions presenting with hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary stalk disconnection. Proper investigation considering clinical data, laboratory tests, and, if necessary, imaging evaluation, is important to identify the correctcause of hyperprolactinemia and manage the patient properly...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk of patients with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism through coronary calcium score (CACS) evaluation andcardiovascular risk calculators. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Patients with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (HG = 29) were compared to a control group (CG = 29), matched by sex and age. Demographic and clinical data were captured by a questionnaire or patient files. Both groups performed a thoracic-computed tomography to evaluate the CACS and the cardiovascular risk was calculated by two risk calculators...

OBJECTIVE: Despite a favorable prognosis, some patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) develop recurrence. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the combination of initial American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification with serum level of postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin (s-Tg) in predicting recurrence in patients with PTC and compare the results with an assessment of response to initial therapy (dynamic risk stratification). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 1,611 patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy for PTC, followed in most cases (87...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cumulative incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with Cushing's disease (CD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In all, 60 patients with CD following up in our outpatient clinic answered via phone interview a questionnaire about the occurrence of COVID-19 infection documented by RT-PCR (including the diagnosis date and clinical outcome) and vaccination status. Clinical and biochemical data on disease activity (hypercortisolism) and comorbidities (obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension) were obtained from the patients' electronic medical records...

None.

None.

Nonketotic hyperglycemia may occur as a cause of chorea in patients with chronic decompensated diabetes. Because it is rare and consequently poorly studied, diagnosis and treatment can be delayed. Therefore, our objective was to summarize clinical and radiological features, as well as treatments performed, from previously reported cases to facilitate adequate management in clinical practice. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases for studies published before April 23, 2021...

OBJECTIVE: Despite its recognized importance, primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) remains an underdiagnosed condition in clinical practice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate PHA screening practices by general practitioners and specialists in endocrinology and cardiology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational study invited physicians to respond voluntarily to an online survey. The survey collected the respondents' sociodemographic data and answers to five hypothetical clinical cases meeting Endocrine Society criteria for PHA screening...

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the relationship between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) variants and hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) in the southeastern Chinese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In total, 80 participants were involved in this study (54 patients with HLAP and 26 controls). All coding regions and intron-exon boundaries of the LPL gene were sequenced. The correlations between variants and phenotypes were also analysed. RESULTS: The rate of rare LPL variants in the HLAP group is 14...

Thyroglobulin (Tg) levels are important to predict recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer patients.However, false-positive results can hence the request of unnecessary tests and treatments. We reported two cases of interference in thyroglobulin measurement and the workup to investigate them. Both patients achieved an excellent response to therapy after total thyroidectomy and one patient had also received radioiodine treatment. During the follow-up, Tg levels increased and there was no evidence of recurrent disease in the imaging studies...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and carotid intimamedia thickness (IMT) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 2,959 women seen at the Maanshan People's Hospital of Anhui Province from December 2013 to December 2018. Carotid IMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Linear regression and R smoothing curves were used to analyze the relationship between blood glucose level and carotid IMT in the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups...

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) accounts for most cases of thyroid cancer, and the heterogeneity of DTC requires that management decisions be taken by a multidisciplinary team involving endocrinologists, head and neck surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians, pathologists, radiologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. It is important for nonspecialists to recognize and refer patients with DTC who will benefit from a specialized approach. Recent advances in knowledge and changes in management of DTC call for the need to raise awareness on the part of these nonspecialist physicians, including general endocrinologists and medical oncologists at large...

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a common genetic congenital disease characterized by somatic overgrowth and its broad clinical spectrum includes pre- and post-natal macrosomia, macroglossia, visceromegaly, increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia, and development of embryonic tumors. BWS occurs due to genetic/epigenetic changes involving growth-regulating genes, located on region 11p15, with an important genotype-phenotype correlation. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) comprises a spectrum of autosomal recessive diseases presenting a variety of clinical manifestations due to a deficiency in one of the enzymes involved in cortisol secretion...

OBJECTIVE: Enlargement of the adrenal glands and variable adrenocortical function have been reported in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and, in a few studies, in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, none of the studies have evaluated the course of the adrenal morphology in these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Prospective study including 37 patients with EPTB and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The adrenal function was evaluated by measurement of cortisol levels at baseline and after stimulation with ACTH (Acton Prolongatum) before and 6 months after antituberculosis treatment...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate glycemic control according to the number of daily basal rates (BRs) in type 1 diabetes patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of patients treated with an open-loop CSII for at least 6 months and using a flash glucose monitoring system. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2), with ≤4 and >4 BRs/24h, respectively. The groups were compared regarding HbA1c, time in range (TIR), time above range (TAR), time below range (TBR), glucose management indicator (GMI), glucose variability and data related to hypoglycemia...