Acta Radiologica Open

BACKGROUND: A multi detector computed tomography (CT) scanner with wide-area coverage enables whole-brain volumetric scanning in a single rotation. PURPOSE: To investigate variations in image-quality characteristics in the longitudinal direction for different image-reconstruction algorithms and strengths with phantoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-rotation volume scans were performed on a 320-row multidetector CT volume scanner using three types of phantoms...

Bronchial artery embolization is minimally invasive, has a low complication rate, and achieves good hemorrhage control. It is the first-line treatment in hemoptysis patients whom medications are ineffective. Cerebral infarction is a rare complication of bronchial artery embolization, with posterior circulation infarcts being the most common. Possible mechanisms include a neurotoxic reaction to the contrast medium used, bronchial artery-pulmonary shunt, embolus formation, fistula formation between the bronchial artery and the cerebral artery, and so on...

BACKGROUND: In suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), chest CT is superior to the routinely obtained radiographs (CXR), but administers higher radiation doses. However, ultra-low-dose CT (ULDCT) has shown promising results. PURPOSE: To compare radiation dose and image quality using standard and ULDCT protocols designed for a multicenter study encompassing three CT scanner models from GE, Canon, and Siemens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with suspected CAP were referred for non-contrast standard dose chest CT (NCCT) and ULDCT...

BACKGROUND: The European Society of Cardiology has published updated guidelines regarding pathways for diagnosis and management of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Non-invasive functional assessment, for example, by stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance (stress pCMR) is recommended in patients with intermediate pretest probability of disease. Previous pCMR studies were mainly performed in high volume university hospitals with experienced radiologists or cardiologists interpreting the images...

Intussusception refers to invagination of bowel loops into a neighboring, adjacent bowel segment. While it is not an uncommon entity in paediatrics-about 95% of intussusceptions occur in childhood, merely 5% of them affect the adult population. When affecting the later typically the small intestine is engaged rather than the colon. The diagnosis often represents with unspecific symptoms and is rarely considered a possibility in adults. In the past the diagnosis was typically made intraoperatively. As the Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) of the abdomen became a referral diagnostic method, recognizing the signs of the condition is very important since some of the cases are transient, while others have an underlying malignant cause and more aggressive treatment is required...

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas have the potential for malignant progression into adenocarcinoma. Colloid or mucinous non-cystic carcinoma of the pancreas is an uncommon variant neoplasm that can arise within an intestinal type IPMN and have a relatively improved prognosis but may mimic the more lethal tubular or ductal adenocarcinoma. Colloid carcinoma is an infiltrating ductal epithelial neoplasm containing primarily extracellular stromal mucin pools and scant amount of centrally floating neoplastic cells...

BACKGROUND: Metal artifact reduction sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan is a common method to detect adverse reaction to metal debris in total hip arthroplasty (THA). It might be quicker and cheaper if ultrasonography (US) could screen for the need for an MRI. However, both require trained personnel. PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of US for detecting pseudotumors (PT) when performed by an orthopedic surgery resident compared to MRI...

Horseshoe lung (HL) is an infrequent congenital lung anomaly. Its main feature is that the lower lungs on both sides extend behind the pericardium and fuse across the midline, usually accompanied by pulmonary dysplasia. It is reported that 80% of HL is relevant to the abnormal return of some pulmonary veins from the right lung to the inferior vena cava or right atrium (scimitar syndrome). Most patients are within 5 years old, most commonly within 1 year old, but HL may also have no apparent clinical symptoms or mild symptoms...

Other than the expected abdominal pain post-embolization, only few complications occur after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Necrotic cavitation of adenomyosis is a particularly rare complication. Here, we describe a patient with adenomyosis who experienced persistent fever after UAE, which ultimately resolved with the spontaneous expulsion of adenomyosis.

Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) system is generally used to perform breast biopsies after identifying suspicious lesions that are occult on ultrasound. In this case, we used an 8-Gauge VABB to retrieve a needle point retained in the outer-lower quadrant of the right breast of a patient previously treated with lumpectomy. The use of stereotactic VABB system in this specific clinical setting has been never described before and resulted minimally invasive and perfectly suitable for correct localisation and retrieval of the 3-mm needle point; moreover, it may be easily reproduced elsewhere...

BACKGROUND: Imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy of renal masses is regarded as safe and is widely used for histopathology diagnosis before treatment. Recommended observation time after tumour biopsy varies in international guidelines and the literature is sparse. PURPOSE: To assess the effect of a 1-h post-biopsy observation time of percutaneous image-guided renal mass biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective study...

BACKGROUND: The role of radiology in patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 is evolving with scientific evidence, but there are differences in opinion on when and how the technique should be used for clinical diagnosis. PURPOSE: To estimate the pre-test and post-test probability that a patient has COVID-19 in the event of a positive and/or negative result from chest X-ray and chest computed tomography (CT) radiological studies, comparing with those of real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests...

We report valuable imaging findings in a case of β-catenin-activated hepatocellular adenoma (β-HCA) with weak β-catenin activation. A 40 year-old female presented with a liver tumor in S8 that was incidentally detected on ultrasonography. The tumor showed marked enhancement and early venous drainage into the middle hepatic vein in the arterial phase of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). The tumor revealed slight hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI)...

Background: A cardiac resting phase is used when performing free-breathing cardiac magnetic resonance examinations. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test a cardiac resting phase detection system based on neural networks in clinical practice. Material and Methods: Four chamber-view cine images were obtained from 32 patients and analyzed. The rest duration, start point, and end point were compared between that determined by the experts and general operators, and a similar comparison was done between that determined by the experts and neural networks: the normalized root-mean-square error (RMSE) was also calculated...

Background: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is widely accepted as a treatment for bleeding from the pancreaticodoudenal artery (PDA) in patients with celiac artery stenosis. However, the technical aspect of TAE has not received much attention. Purpose: To report the technical details and success rate of TAE for bleeding from the PDA in patients with CA stenosis. Material and Methods: Between 2015 and 2021, nine TAE procedures were performed in eight patients (five women, three men; one woman underwent TAE twice)...

Background: The increasing ratio of functional future liver remnant (functional %FLR) after modified associating liver partition and portal vein ligation/embolization for staged hepatectomy (modified-ALPPS) compared with portal vein embolization (PVE) has not been comprehensively evaluated. Purpose: To compare the increasing ratio of functional %FLR between modified-ALPPS and PVE via technetium-99 m-galactosyl human serum albumin single-photon emission computed tomography (99m Tc-GSA SPECT/CT) fusion imaging...

Acute pulmonary thromboembolism occurring during cancer treatment has been increasing with the number of cancer patients and chemotherapy cases. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for evaluating the pulmonary artery is generally performed using rapid injection of contrast medium. However, intravenous catheters for contrast medium injection might cause extravasation due to rapid injection. This case series describes three patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography combined with low-tube-voltage imaging and slow injection...

Background: Routine CT scans may increasingly be used to document normal aortic size and to detect incidental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Purpose: To determine whether ultra-low-dose non-contrast CT (ULDNC-CT) can be used instead of the gold standard CT angiography (CTA) for assessment of maximal abdominal aortic diameter. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 50 patients who underwent CTA and a normal-dose non-contrast CT for suspected renal artery stenosis...

Meckel's cave or the trigeminal cistern is a subarachnoid space near the apex of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and contains cerebrospinal fluid and the Gasserian ganglion, which divides into the ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3) nerves. Infectious, inflammatory, congenital, and neoplastic lesions can occur in Meckel's cave. Leptomeningeal metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype to Meckel's cave is rare. We encountered a case of leptomeningeal metastasis of GBM to Meckel's cave in an elderly female patient who presented with pain around her right eye...

Background: Computed tomography (CT) contributes to 60% of the collective dose in medical imaging. Literature has demonstrated that patient dose varies across regions and countries. Establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) contributes to the optimization of clinical practices and radiation protection. Purpose: To survey the dose indices (CTDIvol and dose-length product) for frequently performed CT examinations from the chosen hospitals in Norway and Canada and to determine local DRLs (LDRLs) based on the collected data...