International Journal of Reproductive Medicine

Background: Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, is suggested as a first-line drug for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) especially in obese women. Letrozole has also been used in women with unexplained infertility with similar rates of success to clomiphene. However, literature on letrozole and gonadotropins in obese and nonobese women is sparse. Hence, this study was done to assess the success of ovulation induction (OI) with letrozole plus follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) and nonobese women (BMI < 30 kg/m2 )...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Xybilun® (IBSA Pharma SAS, France) is a new formulation of sildenafil in an orodispersible film (ODF). This study aims to assess the response rate (RR), satisfaction with, and safety of sildenafil-ODF in daily practice in France. Patients aged ≥18 years with ED were included in four groups: Group 1 mild, Group 2 moderate, Group 3 severe ED, according to the International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF)-6 subscore, never treated with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE)5-I; Group 4, patients previously treated with another PDE5-I...

Background: Pregnancy complications are the major health problems among women in developing countries. Globally, around 295,000 women die from pregnancy-related causes annually and 86% of these maternal deaths happen in developing countries. Objective: To assess knowledge of obstetric danger signs among reproductive-age women living in southeastern zone of Tigray Region, Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: A community-based quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken in southeastern zone of Tigray...

Introduction: On a global scale, women and childbearing people and neonates continue to die from preventable causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. Sustained and accelerated efforts are critical to improve maternal and neonatal health and well-being. Globally, youth are a growing population and have strength in their numbers. Youth are critical, key drivers of change in their communities. Young people hold the potential to affect positive change, and their meaningful engagement is important to improving maternal health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries...

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most performed surgeries in obstetrics. Surgical site infection is the major cause of morbidity and mortality causing an increase in the duration of hospitalization as well as the cost of admission for the patient. Objective: To determine incidence of surgical site infection following cesarean section, classify them according to CDC criteria, and identify the different risk factors. Methodology . This is a case-control study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), main campus of Institute of Medicine (IOM), Kathmandu, Nepal...

Background: The World Health Organization Report noted that unintended pregnancy is the most common cause of maternal mortality in developing countries. Most unintended pregnancies occur where access to maternal care is limited, and because of this, many mothers lose their life. Therefore, this study was an attempt to assess the proportion of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among women who live in Ilu Gelan District, Western Ethiopia, 2021. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural and urban kebeles of Ilu Gelan Woreda West Shoa Zone, Ethiopia, from March 1 to 30, 2021...

Background: Ethiopia has reduced maternal mortality from 871 to 412 per 100,000 live births between 2000 and 2016. In 2019, under-5 mortality rates in Ethiopia were 55 deaths per 1,000 live births. Benishangul Gumuz was the second-largest region in the under-5 mortality rate (98/1,000 live births) in the country. Maternal and child health care service uptake is an important indicator of health outcomes. This study is aimed at exploring major barriers to maternal and child health care uptake in Assosa Zone...

Background: Viral hepatitis is an emerging global health problem. A pregnant mother infected with the hepatitis B virus has a high rate of vertical transmission, causing adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. Understanding the magnitude of the problem and associated factors has paramount importance to avert such adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at public health facilities in Nekemte town...

Background: Sexual violence is a serious public health problem affecting millions of young girls and women across the world. Recently, the issue of sexual violence against schoolgirls has garnered global and national attention with implications for health and education outcomes. Sexual violence is driven by a multitude of risk factors that occur at different levels. Understanding the magnitude, risk factors, and conceptuality of sexual violence is crucial for setting priorities and elimination efforts at different levels...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the chronic use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs: ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel) on the indices of metabolic syndrome in adult female Wistar rats and possible therapeutic management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 64 female Wistar rats received either distilled water, norethindrone (NOR), COC, intranasal insulin (INI), metformin (MET), saxagliptin (SAX), INI+MET, and INI+SAX. After 8 weeks of exposure to COC, the animals were sorted into the therapeutic groups...

INTRODUCTION: Uterine myoma occurs in 20-50% of reproductive age women. Uterine myomas may be associated with 5-10% of cases of infertility, but it is the sole cause or factor in only 2-3% of all infertility cases. Myomectomy is surgery done to remove myoma regardless of the methods. OBJECTIVE: To assess impact of myomectomy on pregnancy rate and associated factors among reproductive age women who had myomectomy at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, in Addis Ababa...

Objective: Although importance of postpartum family planning is essential and immediate postpartum insertion of long acting and reversible contraceptives (LARC) is recommended, evidence on its uptake and associated factors is limited in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess utilization of immediate postpartum LARC among women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected women who gave birth in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from 10 March to 09 April 2020...

Background: Postpartum family planning is the initiation and use of family planning services within the first 12 months following childbirth. Postpartum contraceptives reduce maternal and infant mortality by preventing unplanned and unwanted pregnancies and by spacing pregnancies at least two years after the previous birth. Thus, it is usually designed as an integral part of reproductive and maternal and child health programs. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the pooled prevalence of postpartum modern contraceptive use and identify its determinants in low-income countries of sub-Saharan Africa...

Improvements in stimulation protocols, introduction of vitrification, and changes in clinical practices have contributed to improved efficacy and safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. This has also led to a concomitant increase in number of cycles requiring hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protocol for performing an embryo transfer. Successful implantation is dependent on endometrial thickness which in turn is regulated by temporal regulation of hormones. Careful control of estrogen levels determines uterine receptivity...

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) appears to be the source of healthcare particularly in the majority of pregnant communities of Africa due to its intrinsic qualities as well as its accessibility and affordability. Despite acknowledged benefits of CAM use in pregnancy, majority of users are unaware of its safety and effects on fetal development. The present study was aimed at examining CAM use among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia to provide an opportunity for future investigations on the effectiveness of CAM modalities in the management of pregnancy-related complications across the country...

The effect of sperm molecular defects on fertilization and pregnancy outcome after assisted reproductive therapy (ART) is widely documented by both research and clinical societies. Sperm DNA fragmentation and abnormal chromatin condensation represent critical causes of male infertility. Advanced androgenic techniques for accurately identifying molecular defects help in selecting an appropriate treatment strategy. Additionally, specific markers of apoptosis are increasingly important in predicting male infertility...

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that used an interviewer-administered questionnaire and reviewed medical records. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with iron and folic acid supplementation. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value < 0.05 were used to assess for statistical significance. Results: We enrolled 438 pregnant women aged 16 to 41years. Participants' mean age (±standard deviation (SD)) was 25...

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a major public health issue that affects the health and well-being of millions of young people worldwide each year. Gender-based violence was prevalent throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. However, research in Africa is extremely diverse. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the extent and risk factors of gender-based violence among night female students in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 788 elementary and high school night female students in Bahir Dar from October 15 to November 15, 2019...

Background: Modern contraceptives are highly effective and reliable methods of preventing unintended pregnancies and reducing maternal deaths. Only 22 percent of currently married women use modern methods of contraceptives in Afghanistan. This study assessed the factors associated with modern contraceptive use among married women attending comprehensive health centers (CHCs) in Kandahar Province. Methods: This was an institution-based cross-sectional study that included 325 married women who attended randomly selected comprehensive health clinics in Kandahar between September and October 2019...

Background: It is estimated that more than 142 million married women in developing countries have an unmet need for family planning. This study is aimed at identifying factors associated with the unmet need of family planning among married women of reproductive age in Toke Kutaye district, Ethiopia in 2019. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Toke Kutaye district from March 1-30, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 494 reproductive-age women who were married during data collection...