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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao Niu, Zhiqiang Li, Jing Wang, Fanchong Jian, Yuanling Yu, Weiliang Song, Ayijiang Yisimayi, Shuo Du, Zhiying Zhang, Qianran Wang, Jing Wang, Ran An, Yao Wang, Peng Wang, Haiyan Sun, Lingling Yu, Sijie Yang, Tianhe Xiao, Qingqing Gu, Fei Shao, Youchun Wang, Junyu Xiao, Yunlong Cao
A multitude of functional mutations continue to emerge on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Understanding the immunogenicity of Omicron NTD and the properties of antibodies elicited by it is crucial for comprehending the impact of NTD mutations on viral fitness and guiding vaccine design. In this study, we find that most of NTD-targeting antibodies isolated from individuals with BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection (BTI) are ancestral (wildtype or WT)-reactive and non-neutralizing...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jahid Hasan Tipu, Audun Sivertsen, Jan-Egil Afset, Lars Sandven, Hanne Brekke, Hilde Marie Lund, Linnea Sofie Elburg, Peter Gaustad, Tore Lier, Liv Reidun Tverelv, Øystein Haarklau Johansen, Lucy J Robertson, Kurt Hanevik
Abstract PCR-based diagnostics has revealed the previously largely unknown Cryptosporidium transmission and infections in high-income countries. This study aimed to determine domestic and imported subtypes of Cryptosporidium species in Norway, evaluate their demographic distribution, and identify potential small outbreaks. Cryptosporidium -positive human faecal samples were obtained from six medical microbiology laboratories between February 2022 and January 2024, together with 22 Cryptosporidium -positive animal samples...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chae-Eun Lee, Yoonsik Park, Hyunjae Park, Kiwoong Kwak, Hyeonmin Lee, Jiwon Yun, Donghyun Lee, Jung Hun Lee, Sang Hee Lee, Lin-Woo Kang
The extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics has led to significant resistance, primarily due to hydrolysis by β-lactamases. OXA class D β-lactamases can hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, rendering many treatments ineffective. We investigated the effects of single amino acid substitutions in OXA-10 on its substrate spectrum. Broad-spectrum variants with point mutations were searched and biochemically verified. Three key residues, G157D, A124T, and N73S, were confirmed in the variants, and their crystal structures were determined...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rita Cordeiro, Constantino P Caetano, Daniel Sobral, Rita Ferreira, Luís Coelho, Ana Pelerito, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Sónia Namorado, Dinis B Loyens, Ricardo Mexia, Cândida Fernandes, José Miguel Neves, Ana Luísa João, Miguel Rocha, Luís Miguel Duque, Inês Correia, Teresa Baptista, Cláudia Brazão, Diogo Sousa, Paulo Filipe, Miguel Alpalhão, Fernando Maltez, Diana Póvoas, Raquel Pinto, João Caria, Rita Patrocínio de Jesus, Patrícia Pacheco, Francesca Peruzzu, Josefina Méndez, Luís Ferreira, Kamal Mansinho, João Vaz Alves, Joana Vasconcelos, João Domingos, Sara Casanova, Frederico Duarte, Maria João Gonçalves, Mafalda Brito Salvador, Mafalda Andresen Guimarães, Sueila Martins, Marvin Silva Oliveira, Daniela Santos, Luís Vieira, Maria Sofia Núncio, Vítor Borges, João Paulo Gomes
In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampling (76/121; 63%) and vast epidemiological data to characterise the re-emergence and circulation of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) in Portugal during 2023. We also modelled transmission and forecasted public health scenarios through a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Our results suggest that the 2023 mpox wave in Portugal resulted from limited introduction(s) of MPXV belonging to C...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ayijiang Yisimayi, Weiliang Song, Jing Wang, Fanchong Jian, Yuanling Yu, Xiaosu Chen, Yanli Xu, Ran An, Yao Wang, Jing Wang, Haiyan Sun, Peng Wang, Lingling Yu, Fei Shao, Ronghua Jin, Zhongyang Shen, Youchun Wang, Yunlong Cao
SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain-induced immune imprinting poses great challenges to updating vaccines for new variants. Studies showed that repeated Omicron exposures could override immune imprinting induced by inactivated vaccines but not mRNA vaccines, a disparity yet to be understood. Here, we analyzed the immune imprinting alleviation in inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) cohorts after a long-term period following breakthrough infections (BTI). We observed in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals who experienced BA...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aidibai Simayi, Yuxin Chen, Jinjin Chu, Huiyan Yu, Shihan Zhang, Changjun Bao, Fengcai Zhu, Hui Jin, Yuanfang Qin, Qian Zhen, Yong Liu, Liguo Zhu
Abstract Here, we regularly followed SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten participants infected with SARS-CoV-2 in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection...
October 3, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laure Chêne, Morand Jean-Jacques, Badell Edgar, Toubiana Julie, Fréderic Janvier, Hugo Marthinet, Jean-Philippe Suppini, Aude Valois, Gaetan Texier, Sylvain Brisse, Fabien Dutasta, Œdipe Study Group
BACKGROUND: The incidence of diphtheria has been rising over the past decade, particularly in its cutaneous form. A clinical review of case series was therefore required. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and therapeutic data of cutaneous diphtheria cases, in adult patients living in metropolitan France with a skin sample positive for corynebacteria of the diphtheriae complex between 2018 and 2022. RESULTS: Of the 132 cases identified, 63 met the inclusion criteria...
September 26, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huan Liu, Yichen Jin, Yuecheng Yang, Xing Duan, Yanfen Cao, Duo Shan, Chang Cai, Houlin Tang
Cluster analysis of HIV sequence can provide insights into viral transmission patterns in border regions. This study aims to illuminate the HIV-1 subtype distribution and transmission dynamics among newly diagnosed individuals in Dehong prefecture, a region along the China-Myanmar border. Among 948 participants with pol gene sequences, 36 HIV-1 subtypes were identified, with URFs (18.8%, 178/948) being the dominant strain, followed by CRF01_AE (18.5%, 175/948) and CRF07_BC (10.9%, 103/948). Additionally, 287 sequences (30...
September 24, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#9
REVIEW
Wang Yuya, Yang Yuansong, Liu Susu, Ling Chen, Wu Yong, Wang Yining, Wang YouChun, Fan Changfa
Abstract The severity of the dengue epidemic is on the rise, with its geographic range had expanded to southern Europe by 2024. In this August, the WHO updated the pathogens that could spark the next pandemic, dengue virus was on the list. Vaccines and drugs serve as powerful tools for both preventing dengue infections and treating patients. Animal models play a pivotal role in vaccine development and drug screening. Available potential susceptible animals, including non-human primates, rodents, pigs, and tree shrews, have been extensively explored to establish animal models of dengue disease...
September 23, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun Luo, Yu Chen, Shan Lin, Hui Hu, Xiaojun Song, Qiao Bian, Weijia Fang, Huoyang Lv, Qin Wang, Jianmin Jiang, Yi-Wei Tang, Dazhi Jin
Clostridioides difficile sequence type (ST) 35 has been found in humans and animals worldwide. However, its genomic epidemiology and clonal transmission have not been explored in detail. In this study, 176 C. difficile ST35 isolates from six countries were sequenced. Genomic diversity, clonal transmission and epidemiological data were analyzed. Sporulation and virulence capacities were measured. Four ribotypes (RT) were identified including RT046 (97.2%), RT656 (1.1%), RT427 (0.6%), and RT AI-78 (1.1%). Phylogenetic analysis of 176 ST35 genomes, along with 50 publicly available genomes, revealed two distinctive lineages without time-, region-, or source-dependent distribution...
September 20, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianyong Meng, Feihu Yan, Weiqi Wang, Shen Wang, Haiyang Cong, Jiaqi Li, Yongkun Zhao, Tiecheng Wang, Nan Li, Yuwei Gao, Jianzhong Wang, Na Feng, Xianzhu Xia
Rabies, caused by the Rabies virus (RABV), is a highly fatal zoonotic disease. Existing rabies vaccines have demonstrated good immune efficacy, but the complexity of immunization procedures and high cost has impeded the elimination of RABV, particularly in the post-COVID-19 era. There is a pressing need for safer and more effective rabies vaccines that streamline vaccination protocols and reduce expense. To meet this need, we have developed a potential rabies vaccine candidate called ALVAC-RABV-VLP, utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology...
September 19, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kiki Streng, Nnomzie Atama, Felicity Chandler, Rody Blom, Henk van der Jeugd, Maarten Schrama, Marion P G Koopmans, Wim H M van der Poel, Reina S Sikkema
Abstract West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Netherlands in 2020, with circulation observed in birds, mosquitoes, and humans in two geographical areas. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating in the Netherlands since 2016. Following the detection of WNV in the Netherlands, we investigated the possible use of petting zoos as urban sentinel sites to examine the extent of WNV and USUV circulation around the two WNV outbreak locations.Chickens at petting zoos and in backyards were sampled within a 15-kilometer radius of the confirmed WNV circulation areas at three timepoints over one year (2021-2022)...
September 19, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feijie Zhi, Kemeng Liu, Hao Geng, Mengru Su, Jian Xu, Lei Fu, Ke Ma, Pengcheng Gao, Lvfeng Yuan, YueFeng Chu
ABSTRACT Brucellosis, caused by the intracellular pathogen Brucella , is a major zoonotic infection that promotes reproductive disease in domestic animals and chronic debilitating conditions in humans. The ArsR family of transcriptional regulators plays key roles in diverse cellular processes, including metal ion homeostasis, responding to adverse conditions, and virulence. However, little is known about the function of ArsR family members in Brucella . Here, we identified ArsR2 as a nonclassical member of the family that lacks autoregulatory function, but which nevertheless plays a vital role in maintaining copper homeostasis in B...
September 19, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina A Ahlstrom, Mia Kim Torchetti, Julianna Lenoch, Kimberlee Beckmen, Megan Boldenow, Evan J Buck, Bryan Daniels, Krista Dilione, Robert Gerlach, Kristina Lantz, Angela Matz, Rebecca L Poulson, Laura C Scott, Gay Sheffield, David Sinnett, David E Stallknecht, Raphaela Stimmelmayr, Eric Taylor, Alison R Williams, Andrew M Ramey
<b/>The ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza (HPAI) spread to North America in late 2021, with detections of HPAI viruses in Alaska beginning in April 2022. HPAI viruses have since spread across the state, affecting many species of wild birds as well as domestic poultry and wild mammals. To better understand the dissemination of HPAI viruses spatiotemporally and among hosts in Alaska and adjacent regions, we compared the genomes of 177 confirmed HPAI viruses detected in Alaska during April - December 2022...
September 17, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#15
REVIEW
Nourrisson Céline, Lavergne Rose-Anne, Moniot Maxime, Morio Florent, Poirier Philippe
Although brought to the forefront in the 1980s with the AIDS pandemic, microsporidia infecting humans are still little known. Enterocytozoon bieneusi , by far the most frequent microsporidia species causing diseases in humans, is responsible for intestinal illness in both non- and immunocompromised patients. This species presents an astonishing genetic diversity with more than 500 genotypes described, some of which having a strong zoonotic potential. Indeed, E. bieneusi infects a broad array of hosts, from wild to domestic animals...
September 17, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#16
REVIEW
André Gömer, Arthur Lang, Saskia Janshoff, Joerg Steinmann, Eike Steinmann
The emergence and spread of novel viral pathogens is a major threat to human health, particularly in the context of climate and human-induced change in land use. Alongshan virus (ALSV) is a tick-borne virus associated with human disease, which was first identified in northeast China. More recently, several studies reported the emergence of ALSV in mammalian and arthropod hosts in multiple different countries outside of Asia, and the first viral genome sequencing data has become available. ALSV is a member of the Jingmenvirus group closely related to the Flaviviridae family...
September 11, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leonid M Irenge, Jérôme Ambroise, Bertrand Bearzatto, Jean-François Durant, Maxime Bonjean, Louisette K Wimba, Jean-Luc Gala
Abstract Between 2018 and 2024, we conducted systematic whole-genome sequencing and phylogenomic analysis on 263 V. cholerae O1 isolates from cholera patients across four provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (North-Kivu, South-Kivu, Tanganyika, and Kasai Oriental). These isolates were classified into the AFR10d and AFR10e sublineages of AFR10 lineage, originating from the third wave of the seventh El Tor cholera pandemic (7PET). Compared to the strains analysed between 2014 and 2017, both sublineages had few genetic changes in the core genome but recent isolates (2022-2024) had significant CTX prophage rearrangement...
September 11, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minghui Li, Chaoyue Zhao, Jialu Shi, Xun Wang, Yuanchen Liu, Xiaoyu Zhao, Guonan Cai, Hin Chu, Pengfei Wang
Human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have recurrently emerged as significant pathogens, causing severe respiratory illnesses and presenting challenges to monoclonal antibody therapeutics due to their rapid evolution, particularly the diverse variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we utilized 'Knob-into-Hole' and 'IgG-scFv' technologies to engineer bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) that target both the viral receptor and spike protein, enhancing their neutralization breadth and potency...
September 11, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chih-Ming Chen, Hui-Ling Tang, Ying-Tsong Chen, Se-Chin Ke, Yi-Pei Lin, Bo-Han Chen, Ru-Hsiou Teng, Chien-Shun Chiou, Min-Chi Lu, Yi-Chyi Lai
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex is a significant global healthcare threat, particularly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei (C<u>P</u>EH). From January 2017 to January 2021, twenty-two C<u>P</u>EH isolates from a regional teaching hospital in central Taiwan were identified with the carriage of carbapenemase genes bla KPC-2 , bla IMP-8 , and predominantly bla OXA-48 . Over 80% of these C<u>P</u>EH strains clustered into the high-risk ST78 lineage, carrying a bla OXA-48 IncL plasmid (pOXA48-CREH), nearly identical to the endemic plasmid pOXA48-KP in ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae ...
September 11, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyungmoon Lee, Thi Thu Hang Vu, Minjoo Yeom, Viet Dung Nguyen, Thi Tam Than, Van Tam Nguyen, Dae Gwin Jeong, Aruna Ambagala, Van Phan Le, Daesub Song
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 11, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
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