journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527805/science-education-for-the-youth-sefty-a-neuroscience-outreach-program-for-high-school-students-in-southern-nevada-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nabih Ghani, Hayley Baker, Audrey Huntsinger, Tiffany Chen, Tiffany D Familara, Jose Yani Itorralba, Fritz Vanderford, Xiaowei Zhuang, Ching-Lan Chang, Van Vo, Edwin C Oh
Laboratory outreach programs for K-12 students in the United States from 2020-2022 were suspended or delayed due to COVID-19 restrictions. While Southern Nevada also observed similar closures for onsite programs, we and others hypothesized that in-person laboratory activities could be prioritized after increasing vaccine doses were available to the public and masking was encouraged. Here, we describe how the Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) collaborated with administrators from a local school district to conduct training activities for high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic...
March 25, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519128/role-of-glr-1-in-age-dependent-short-term-memory-decline
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vaibhav Gharat, Fabian Peter, Dominique J-F de Quervain, Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Attila Stetak
As the global elderly population grows, age-related cognitive decline is becoming an increasingly significant healthcare issue, often leading to various neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the many molecular players involved in memory, AMPA-type glutamate receptors are known to regulate learning and memory, but how their dynamics change with age and affect memory decline is not well understood. Here, we examined the in vivo properties of the AMPA type glutamate receptor GLR-1 in the AVA interneuron of the C. elegans nervous system during physiological aging...
March 22, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519127/repetition-suppression-reveals-cue-specific-spatial-representations-for-landmarks-and-self-motion-cues-in-human-retrosplenial-cortex
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoli Chen, Ziwei Wei, Thomas Wolbers
The efficient use of various spatial cues within a setting is crucial for successful navigation. Two fundamental forms of spatial navigation, landmark-based and self-motion-based, engage distinct cognitive mechanisms. The question of whether these modes invoke shared or separate spatial representations in the brain remains unresolved. While non-human animal studies have yielded inconsistent results, human investigation is limited. In our previous work (Chen et al., 2019), we introduced a novel spatial navigation paradigm utilizing ultra-high field fMRI to explore neural coding of positional information...
March 22, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514193/identification-of-early-hippocampal-dynamics-during-recognition-memory-with-independent-component-analysis
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Víctor J López-Madrona, Agnès Trébuchon, Ioana Mindruta, Emmanuel J Barbeau, Andrei Barborica, Costi Pistol, Irina Oane, F Xavier Alario, Christian G Bénar
The hippocampus is generally considered to have relatively late involvement in recognition memory, its main electrophysiological signature being between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. However, most electrophysiological studies have analyzed the hippocampus as a single responsive area, selecting only a single-site signal exhibiting the strongest effect in terms of amplitude. These classical approaches may not capture all the dynamics of this structure, hindering the contribution of other hippocampal sources that are not located in the vicinity of the selected site...
March 21, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514192/the-mouse-inferior-colliculus-responds-preferentially-to-non-ultrasonic-vocalizations
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahtab Tehrani, Sharad Shanbhag, Julia J Huyck, Rahi Patel, Diana Kazimiersky, Jeffrey J Wenstrup
The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain auditory integration center, analyzes information about social vocalizations and provides substrates for higher level processing of vocal signals. We used multi-channel recordings to characterize and localize responses to social vocalizations and synthetic stimuli within the IC of female and male mice, both urethane-anesthetized and unanesthetized. We compared responses to ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) with other vocalizations in the mouse repertoire and related vocal responses to frequency tuning, IC subdivisions, and sex...
March 21, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514191/forebrain-eaat3-overexpression-increases-susceptibility-to-amphetamine-induced-repetitive-behaviors
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jared M Kopelman, Muhammad O Chohan, Alex I Hsu, Eric A Yttri, Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, Susanne E Ahmari
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Multiple studies have shown association of polymorphisms in the SLC1A1 gene with OCD. The most common of these OCD-associated polymorphisms increases expression of the encoded protein, Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 (EAAT3), a neuronal glutamate transporter. Previous work has shown that increased EAAT3 expression results in OCD-relevant behavioral phenotypes in rodent models...
March 21, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490744/characterization-of-ultrasonic-vocalization-modulated-neurons-in-rat-motor-cortex-based-on-their-activity-modulation-and-axonal-projection-to-periaqueductal-gray
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aamir Sharif, Jumpei Matsumoto, Chinzorig Choijiljav, Amarbayasgalant Badarch, Tsuyoshi Setogawa, Hisao Nishijo, Hiroshi Nishimaru
Vocalization, a means of social communication, is prevalent among many species, including humans. Both rats and mice use ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in various social contexts and affective states. The motor cortex is hypothesized to be involved in precisely controlling USVs through connections with critical regions of the brain for vocalization, such as the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG). However, it is unclear how neurons in the motor cortex are modulated during USVs. Moreover, the relationship between USV modulation of neurons and anatomical connections from the motor cortex to PAG is also not clearly understood...
March 15, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490743/alpha-and-beta-oscillations-differentially-support-word-production-in-a-rule-switching-task
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ioanna Zioga, Ying Joey Zhou, Hugo Weissbart, Andrea E Martin, Saskia Haegens
Research into the role of brain oscillations in basic perceptual and cognitive functions has suggested the alpha rhythm reflects functional inhibition while the beta rhythm reflects neural ensemble (re)activation. However, little is known regarding the generalization of these proposed fundamental operations to linguistic processes, such as speech comprehension and production. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography (MEG) in participants performing a novel rule-switching paradigm. Specifically, Dutch native speakers had to produce an alternative exemplar from the same category or a feature of a given target word embedded in spoken sentences (e...
March 15, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479811/location-and-object-based-representational-mechanisms-account-for-bilateral-field-advantage-in-multiple-object-tracking
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Merkel, Jens-Max Hopf, Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
Keeping track of multiple visually identical and independently moving objects is a remarkable feature of the human visual system. Theoretical accounts for this ability focus on resource-based models that describe parametric decreases of performance with increasing demands during the task (i.e. more relevant items, closer distances, higher speed). Additionally, the presence of two central tracking resources, one within each hemisphere, has been proposed, allowing for an independent maintenance of moving targets within each visual hemifield...
March 13, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479810/structure-function-interactions-in-hippocampus-and-prefrontal-cortex-are-associated-with-episodic-memory-in-healthy-aging
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamie Snytte, Roni Setton, Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo, M Natasha Rajah, Signy Sheldon, Gary R Turner, R Nathan Spreng
Aging comes with declines in episodic memory. Memory decline is accompanied by structural and functional alterations within key brain regions, including the hippocampus and lateral prefrontal cortex, as well as their affiliated default and frontoparietal control networks. Most studies have examined how structural or functional differences relate to memory independently. Here we implemented a multimodal, multivariate approach to investigate how interactions between individual differences in structural integrity and functional connectivity relate to episodic memory performance in healthy aging...
March 13, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479809/parallel-streams-of-direct-corticogeniculate-feedback-from-mid-level-extrastriate-cortex-in-the-macaque-monkey
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Adusei, Edward M Callaway, W Martin Usrey, Farran Briggs
First order thalamic nuclei receive feedforward signals from peripheral receptors and relay these signals to primary sensory cortex. Primary sensory cortex, in turn, provides reciprocal feedback to first order thalamus. Because the vast majority of sensory thalamocortical inputs target primary sensory cortex, their complementary corticothalamic neurons are assumed to be similarly restricted to primary sensory cortex. We upend this assumption by characterizing morphologically diverse neurons in multiple mid-level visual cortical areas of the primate ( Macaca mulatta ) brain that provide direct feedback to the primary visual thalamus, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)...
March 13, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471779/comparative-roles-of-caudate-and-putamen-in-the-serial-order-of-behavior-effects-of-striatal-glutamate-receptor-blockade-on-variable-versus-fixed-spatial-self-ordered-sequencing-in-marmosets
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stacey Anne Gould, Amy Hodgson, Hannah F Clarke, Trevor W Robbins, Angela C Roberts
Self-ordered sequencing is an important executive function involving planning and executing a series of steps to achieve goal-directed outcomes. Lateral frontal cortex is implicated in this behavior, but downstream striatal outputs remain relatively unexplored. We trained marmosets on a three-stimulus self-ordered spatial sequencing task using a touch-sensitive screen to explore the role of caudate nucleus and putamen in random and fixed response arrays. By transiently blocking glutamatergic inputs to these regions, using intra-striatal CNQX microinfusions, we demonstrate that caudate and putamen are both required for, but contribute differently to, flexible and fixed sequencing...
March 12, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471778/spectral-slope-and-lempel-ziv-complexity-as-robust-markers-of-brain-states-during-sleep-and-wakefulness
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher Höhn, Michael A Hahn, Janna D Lendner, Kerstin Hoedlmoser
Non-oscillatory measures of brain activity such as the spectral slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity are affected by many neurological disorders and modulated by sleep. A multitude of frequency ranges, particularly a broadband (encompassing the full spectrum) and narrowband approach, have been used especially for estimating the spectral slope. However, the effects of choosing different frequency ranges have not yet been explored in detail. Here, we evaluated the impact of sleep stage and task-engagement (resting, attention and memory) on slope and complexity in a narrow- (30 - 45Hz) and broadband (1 - 45Hz) frequency range in 28 healthy male human subjects (21...
March 12, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471777/synchrony-in-networks-of-type-2-interneurons-is-more-robust-to-noise-with-hyperpolarizing-inhibition-compared-to-shunting-inhibition-in-both-the-stochastic-population-oscillator-and-the-coupled-oscillator-regimes
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roman Baravalle, Carmen C Canavier
Synchronization in the gamma band (25-150 Hz) is mediated by PV+ inhibitory interneurons, and evidence is accumulating for the essential role of gamma oscillations in cognition. Oscillations can arise in inhibitory networks via synaptic interactions between individual oscillatory neurons (mean-driven) or via strong recurrent inhibition that destabilizes the stationary background firing rate in the fluctuation-driven balanced state, causing an oscillation in the population firing rate. Previous theoretical work focused on model neurons with Hodgkin's type 1 excitability (integrators) connected by current-based synapses...
March 12, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467426/acute-aromatase-inhibition-impairs-neural-and-behavioral-auditory-scene-analysis-in-zebra-finches
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcela Fernández-Vargas, Matheus Macedo-Lima, Luke Remage-Healey
Auditory perception can be significantly disrupted by noise. To discriminate sounds from noise, auditory scene analysis (ASA) extracts the functionally relevant sounds from acoustic input. The zebra finch communicates in noisy environments. Neurons in their secondary auditory pallial cortex (caudomedial nidopallium; NCM) can encode song from background chorus, or scenes, and this capacity may aid behavioral ASA. Furthermore, song processing is modulated by the rapid synthesis of neuroestrogens when hearing conspecific song...
March 11, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438263/reinforcement-learning-during-locomotion
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan M Wood, Hyosub E Kim, Susanne M Morton
When learning a new motor skill, people often must use trial and error to discover which movement is best. In the reinforcement learning framework, this concept is known as exploration and has been linked to increased movement variability in motor tasks. For locomotor tasks, however, increased variability decreases upright stability. As such, exploration during gait may jeopardize balance and safety, making reinforcement learning less effective. Therefore, we set out to determine if humans could acquire and retain a novel locomotor pattern using reinforcement learning alone...
March 4, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438262/the-anterolateral-barrel-subfield-differs-from-the-posteromedial-barrel-subfield-in-the-morphology-and-cell-density-of-parvalbumin-positive-gabaergic-interneurons
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naoki Shigematsu, Yuta Miyamoto, Shigeyuki Esumi, Takaichi Fukuda
Layer 4 of the rodent somatosensory cortex has unitary structures called barrels that receive tactile information from individual vibrissae. Barrels in the anterolateral barrel subfield (ALBSF) are much smaller and have gained less attention than larger barrels in the posteromedial barrel subfield (PMBSF), though the former outnumber the latter. We compared the morphological features of barrels between the ALBSF and PMBSF in male mice using deformation-free tangential sections and confocal optical slice-based, precise reconstructions of barrels...
March 4, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423792/dopamine-receptor-expressing-neurons-are-differently-distributed-throughout-layers-of-the-motor-cortex-to-control-dexterity
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Przemyslaw E Cieslak, Sylwia Drabik, Anna Gugula, Aleksandra Trenk, Martyna Gorkowska, Kinga Przybylska, Lukasz Szumiec, Grzegorz Kreiner, Jan Rodriguez Parkitna, Anna Blasiak
The motor cortex comprises the primary descending circuits for flexible control of voluntary movements and is critically involved in motor skill learning. Motor skill learning is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease, but the precise mechanisms of motor control and skill learning are still not well understood. Here we have used transgenic mice, electrophysiology, in situ hybridization and neural tract-tracing methods to target genetically defined cell types expressing D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the motor cortex...
February 29, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423791/representation-of-natural-contours-by-a-neural-population-in-monkey-v4
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Itsuki Machida, Motofumi Shishikura, Yukako Yamane, Ko Sakai
The cortical visual area, V4, has been considered to code contours that contribute to the intermediate-level representation of objects. The neural responses to the complex contour-features intrinsic to natural contours are expected to clarify the essence of the representation. To approach the cortical coding of natural contours, we investigated the simultaneous coding of multiple contour-features in monkey ( Macaca fuscata ) V4 neurons and their population-level representation. A substantial number of neurons showed significant tuning for two or more features such as curvature and closure, indicating that a substantial number of V4 neurons simultaneously code multiple contour-features...
February 29, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423790/proactive-versus-reactive-control-strategies-differentially-mediate-alcohol-drinking-in-male-wistar-and-p-rats
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M D Morningstar, N M Timme, B Ma, E Cornwell, T Galbari, C C Lapish
Problematic alcohol consumption is associated with deficits in decision-making, and alterations in prefrontal cortex neural activity likely contributes. We hypothesized that differences in cognitive control would be evident between male Wistar rats and a model for genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (alcohol-preferring P rats). Cognitive control can be split into proactive and reactive components. Proactive control maintains goal-directed behavior independent of a stimulus whereas reactive control elicits goal-directed behavior at the time of a stimulus...
February 29, 2024: ENeuro
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