Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

BACKGROUND: Healing of the rotator cuff after repair constitutes a major clinical challenge with reported high failure rates. Identifying structural musculotendinous predictors for failed rotator cuff repair could enable improved diagnosis and management of patients with rotator cuff disease. PURPOSE: To investigate structural predictors of the musculotendinous unit for failed tendon healing after rotator cuff repair. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2...

BACKGROUND: Ice skating, inline skating, and roller skating are popular sports in the United States (US). Although they are similar, injuries incurred may be distinct and may have evolved over time. PURPOSE: To characterize injuries related to ice skating, inline skating, and roller skating and track injury patterns over a 20-year period. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: The current study utilized the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a database reporting consumer product-related injuries seen at emergency departments in the US...

BACKGROUND: While there is extensive literature on the use of allograft versus autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there is limited clinical evidence to guide the surgeon in choice of allograft tissue type. PURPOSE: To assess the revision rate after primary ACL reconstruction with allograft and to compare revision rates based on allograft tissue type and characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3...

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus regarding the management of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures and the expected outcomes after treatment. PURPOSE: To systematically review clinical outcomes and complications after management of tibial-sided avulsion fractures of the PCL. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A literature search of Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Meniscal root repair can improve patient outcomes significantly; however, several contraindications exist, including arthritic change to the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartments. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of meniscal root repair in patients with advanced patellofemoral chondromalacia (PFC). It was hypothesized that the presence of advanced PFC would not significantly affect the postoperative outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Medial meniscus root tears (RTs) are associated with the development and worsening of knee osteoarthritis (OA), but little is known about their progression when compared with meniscal tears that spare the root (nonroot tears; NRTs). PURPOSE: To compare radiographic worsening of OA in knees with RTs versus NRTs and to identify factors associated with radiographic worsening of OA in knees with RTs. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3...

BACKGROUND: In a previous study, the authors found that at 6 months after treatment with a 20 × 106 dose of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), patients showed improved tendon structure and regeneration of the gap area when compared with treatment using leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (Lp-PRP). The Lp-PRP group (n = 10), which had not seen tendon regeneration at the 6-month follow-up, was subsequently offered treatment with BM-MSCs to see if structural changes would occur...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of concomitant meniscal injury in athletes with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have examined age, sex, body mass index (BMI), injury mechanism, and time from injury to surgery as potential risk factors. PURPOSE: To identify additional risk factors for concomitant meniscal injury, including preinjury joint laxity and lower extremity alignment, in athletes with sport-related ACL injury. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3...

BACKGROUND: Engaging Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) pose a significant risk for failure of surgical repair of recurrent anterior shoulder instability. Reconstruction with fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) has been proposed as a treatment for large HSLs. PURPOSE: To determine the optimal characteristics of talus OCA bone plugs in a computer-simulated HSL model. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study; Level of evidence, 6. METHODS: Included were 132 patients with recurrent anterior instability with visible HSLs; patients who had multidirectional instability or previous shoulder surgery were excluded...

BACKGROUND: Treatment decisions for cartilage defects are often based on lesion size. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to diagnose cartilage defects noninvasively; however, their size estimated from MRI may differ from defect sizes measured during arthrotomy, especially after debridement to healthy cartilage if undergoing autologous chondrocyte implantation. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 2 methods to assess knee cartilage defect size on preoperative MRI and determine their accuracy in predicting postdebridement defect sizes recorded during arthrotomy...

BACKGROUND: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries occur frequently in baseball players, and UCL reconstruction is performed when nonoperative treatment fails. PURPOSE: To compare a novel all-suture anchor method of UCL reconstruction with a method using bone tunnels (Ito method) by investigating the displacement against valgus torque and the failure strength. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremities (mean age, 82...

BACKGROUND: Return-to-sports (RTS) rates after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) differ according to the level at which patients return. It is unclear whether the level of RTS is affected by psychological readiness to return. PURPOSE: To examine the association between psychological readiness to RTS and subjective RTS level 12 months after ACLR. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 47 patients who underwent unilateral primary ACLR surgery were enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Poor postoperative quadriceps muscle strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) leads to delayed return to sports and lower patient satisfaction. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to examine factors that affect quadriceps muscle strength 1 year after ACLR. It was hypothesized that older age, poor preoperative quadriceps muscle strength, and residual pain would be risk factors for poor quadriceps muscle strength recovery...

BACKGROUND: There are no definitive anatomic morphometric risk factors for adolescent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. PURPOSE: To compare the parameters used to define the tibial and femoral morphometric structure of the knee between adolescent patients with and without ACL rupture. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Included were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and radiographs of 115 patients aged 10 to 17 years who were evaluated for ACL rupture at a single institution between February 1, 2019, and January 31, 2022...

BACKGROUND: For anterolateral rotatory instability as a result of secondary soft tissue injuries in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees, there is increasing interest in secondary stabilizers to prevent internal rotation (IR) of the tibia. PURPOSE: To determine which secondary stabilizer is more important in anterolateral rotatory instability in ACL-deficient knees. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: The lower extremities of 10 fresh-frozen cadavers (20 extremities) without anterior-posterior or rotational instability were included...

BACKGROUND: Underwater rugby (UWR) is a team sport. Athletes require a high degree of strength, endurance, speed, and coordination involving intense physical contact. Currently, a paucity of literature exists regarding injury occurrence in UWR. PURPOSE: To examine the nature and prevalence of acute and overuse injuries in UWR. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: Between November 2020 and March 2021, a total of 720 German UWR athletes were invited to take an online survey developed by orthopaedic specialists with UWR athletes...

BACKGROUND: Posterolateral corner (PLC) knee injuries associated with different injury mechanisms are not well known. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: This study sought to assess the patterns of associated injuries in the setting of PLC injury. The hypothesis was that there are recognizable injury patterns in PLC injuries that may correlate with injury mechanism. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Patients who sustained a multiligament knee injury were retrospectively reviewed...

BACKGROUND: The impact of interlimb asymmetries on sport injuries is unclear because of inconsistent findings, and there is a lack of research on youth athletes and the sport of taekwondo. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of functional interlimb asymmetries on noncontact lower limb injuries in youth athletes. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: A total of 415 taekwondo athletes (318 boys and 97 girls) aged 6 to 17 years underwent baseline testing to determine interlimb asymmetries through the single-leg countermovement jump (CMJ), hop, and triple hop tests as well as the Star Excursion Balance Test...

BACKGROUND: Clinically relevant threshold values associated with patient-reported outcome measures after orthopaedic procedures such as anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are important for relating these scores to meaningful postoperative improvement. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS-CAT) after ACLR...

BACKGROUND: Internal impingement is a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in baseball pitchers. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine if the amount of rest days between outings, the number of innings pitched in each outing, and the number of batters faced in each outing are risk factors for internal impingement in professional baseball pitchers. It was hypothesized that a higher workload would significantly increase a pitcher's risk of developing internal impingement...