Annals of Medicine and Surgery

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Reports are limited on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung malignancy of patients with situs inversus totalis (SIT). Patients with SIT have significant anatomic differences with implications that are important for surgery, anesthesia, and nursing to understand in order to provide care for this patient population. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man with SIT and lung adenocarcinoma needed flexible bronchoscopy and wedge resection of a 9×8 mm adenocarcinoma in the right upper lobe and underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease, that mostly affects HIV-infected patients with a high viral load and a low CD4 count. In rare cases, the paradoxical worsening of a pre-existing or previously unrecognized opportunistic infection occurs in a phenomenon known as immune reconstitution inflammatory response (IRIS). CASE PRESENTATION: The authors presented a male patient in his 30s with HIV, who developed a series of complications caused by KS following the initiation of antiretroviral therapy...

BACKGROUND: Sialidosis is a rare variety of lysosomal storage disease that results in intracellular accumulation of sialic acid containing compounds. The authors report the first case of type II sialidosis, juvenile subtype in a 30-month-old male child from Nepal. CASE PRESENTATION: Progressive hearing loss with coarse facies, hepatomegaly, kyphoscoliosis, dysostosis multiplex were the major features in a 30-month-old child born to healthy non-consanguineous parents...

BACKGROUND: Single breath count test (SBCT) may be a reproducible, rapid, easy to perform and easy to interpret substitute to spirometry especially in low resource settings for certain conditions. Its interest has been rekindled with the recent COVID-19 pandemic and it can be done as a part of tele-medicine as well. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to summarize the evidence of SBCT in clinical practice. METHODS: The authors searched EMBASE, PubMed and Google Scholar for all the relevant articles as per exclusion and inclusion criteria...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: An uncontrolled hyperglycaemia accompanied by metabolic acidosis and an increase in total body ketone, if left untreated, has the potential to develop into complications, including diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). Management of this complication with IV hydration, IV Insulin, and potassium (KCL) maintenance is a comprehensive approach. On the contrary, bicarbonate therapy is generally not regarded as a standard treatment due to its unfavourable outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors present a case of a 21-year-old female who was brought in a semiconscious state to the emergency department with complaints of pain in the abdomen, headache, and vomiting...

INTRODUCTION: Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an inflammatory breast disease typically caused by infection, posing diagnostic challenges. It can coexist with other breast disorders or multiple infections, which have been vaguely discussed. This study investigates the incidence of multi-infection and breast disease comorbidities in GM. METHOD: The study enroled 63 females who had a confirmed diagnosis of GM. Laboratory investigations and bacterial cultures had been conducted for all the cases...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Infections of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are rare. The authors present a case of IVC filter infection following concurrent emphysematous urinary tract infections that was finally treated with prolonged suppressive antibiotic therapy (PSAT). CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old man with pemphigoid and type 2 diabetes mellitus, who had undergone IVC filter placement, was transferred with decreased consciousness, respiratory failure, and hypotension...

OBJECTIVE: Hydatid cyst is an endemic disease in Iran. The treatment of choice for paediatric lung hydatid cysts is surgical removal of the cyst. However, due to its high prevalence the risk of recurrence after the surgery, cystectomy with capitonnage, which preserves the lung tissue, is a favourable surgical approach compared to lobectomy. Herein, the authors compared the outcome of cystectomy and lobectomy of lung hydatid cysts. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This is a retrospective study conducted in the paediatric surgery department...

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INTRODUCTION: Hydatosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by echinococcosis larval infection. South America, Africa, the Middle East, South Europe, India, and Australia are endemic to this disease. Splenic involvement is a rare and complicated hydatid disease presentation. A splenic hydatid cyst is an infrequent clinical occurrence, even in regions where the disease is endemic. CASE PRESENTATION: A 16-year-old male, having a background of mild abdominal trauma and non-resolving dull abdominal pain attended a paediatric surgical outpatient office and following a thorough examination, was diagnosed with a giant solitary isolated splenic hydatid cyst...

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are most prevalent disease, that diabetic patients are more prone to IDA. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between patients with diabetes and IDA in relation to taking iron pills daily and every other day to reduce the effects related to it. Ninety-one participants were enroled and randomly divided into two groups, with a final analysis cohort of 72 patients. The primary focus was on changes in serum Hb and Ferritin levels...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: This case report describes a rare occurrence of an epidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) being found in the thyroid gland and highlights the importance of considering uncommon entities like EIC in the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male presented with a large, painless swelling in the anterior neck, causing dysphagia and dysphonia. Imaging and cytology confirmed a benign EIC involving the left lobe of the thyroid, which was successfully removed via hemithyroidectomy, resulting in resolution of symptoms...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lipoma arborescens is a rare synovial disorder, typically affecting the knee joint, with limited reports of atypical presentations. The study emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach and discusses the genetic and signalling factors associated with its pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old male presented with a painless swelling in the dorsum of the right hand, a rare extra-articular manifestation of Lipoma arborescens...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with early childhood onset. It is characterized by ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, and lymphoid-origin cancer predisposition due to ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene mutations. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors present a 19-year-old girl with spastic movements since 18 months, leading to wheelchair dependence. Ocular telangiectasia, dystonic posture, and slurred speech were evident...

Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a clinical condition characterized by respiratory distress in neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Despite advances in obstetric practices and perinatal care, MAS remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in term and post-term newborns. Since the 1960s, there have been significant changes in the perinatal and postnatal management of infants born through MSAF. Routine endotracheal suctioning is no longer recommended in both vigorous and non-vigorous neonates with MSAF...

BACKGROUND: Interrupted sutures is the gold standard technique of hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) for bilioenteric anastomosis. This study compares the safety and early complications of continuous and interrupted suture HJ. METHODS: A prospective study involving all elective HJ between September 2019 and June 2021 was conducted. Patients with type IV or V biliary strictures, duct diameter less than 8 mm and/or associated vascular injury, and bilateral HJ were excluded...

Various studies have described the use of Dexmedetomidine with local anaesthetic drugs in caudal blocks for the management of postoperative pain in children. This study was designed to determine the analgesic effect of caudal Dexmedetomidine with Ropivacaine in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical surgeries. Postoperative analgesic effects of caudal Ropivacaine with or without Dexmedetomidine in paediatric genitourinary infraumbilical were evaluated. This study was a prospective, interventional, comparative study conducted after ethical approval from the institute...

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) has attracted consistently increasing attention worldwide. However, there are few bibliometric studies that systematically evaluate this field. This study aimed to visualize the knowledge structure and research trends in PND through bibliometrics to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. METHODS: Literature related to PND in Web of Science and PubMed from 1990 to 2022 were collected through keywords retrospectively...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Sydenham's chorea (SC), a major neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is commonly seen in young children and adolescents. It is characterized by rapid, unpredictable, involuntary, and nonpatterned contractions affecting mostly distal limbs. It can also be associated with clinical or subclinical carditis. SC has been reported as a major manifestation in only 3.87% cases of acute rheumatic fever in Nepal. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report a case of a 12-year-old boy with abnormal movement of his right hand and unsteady gait for 12 days...

INTRODUCTION: Direct cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping and localization of eloquent areas in awake patients. This simplified technique is to provide the positive areas, which can be preserved if the tumor or lesions are involved eloquent areas. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study is to determine whether direct cortical stimulation in awake brain mapping for low-grade glioma patients increases the rate of resection or not. METHOD: The authors present a retrospective study between 2020 to 2022 that includes 35 cases in a single center, to get higher resection rate, and their consequences in awake craniotomy in low-grade glioma patients...