Analytical and Quantitative Cytopathology and Histopathology

BACKGROUND: Leiomyosarcoma represents a rather uncommon malignancy, and reports of cases characterized by a renal genesis are particularly rare. CASES: We describe 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma of the kidney, in a 63-year-old woman and in a 53-year-old man, respectively. Both tumors share a common immunohistochemical profile with a strong positivity for smooth muscle actin, a focal positivity for desmin, and negativity for cytokeratins and other markers. CONCLUSION: We provide a comparison between our findings and the data available in the literature, and we note an interesting relatively long survival in our patients (10 months for the first case and 20 months for the second case)...

BACKGROUND: Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder is classified as a flat lesion of the urothelium; it has a tendency to be multifocal and carries a high risk of recurrence and persistence. Approximately one-third of patients with urothelial CIS of the bladder develop invasive carcinoma if left untreated. There are a few reported cases of extravesical intramucosal extension (pagetoid spread) of urothelial CIS without prior documentation of primary muscle-invasive carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a metaanalysis in order to determine the association between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 expression and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort studies were identified after an exhaustive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, China Biomedicine, Web of Science, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Summary odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: Seventeen clinical studies were eligible for the present metaanalysis...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytogenetic and genotoxic effects of oxalic acid. STUDY DESIGN: Buccal epithelial cells were obtained and cells were suspended in phosphate buffered saline. Increasing amounts of oxalic acids were added to cell suspensions and incubated in 37 degrees C, 5% CO2 for 30 minutes. Comets were scored using a computer-based image analysis system, and tail moments were taken as a measure of DNA damage. The transcriptional changes of HIPK2, GADD45A, DDB2, p53, PCNA, NBS1, and MDM2 genes were also investigated by qRT-PCR using B2M and GAPDH genes as references...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical value of using arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique preoperatively for non-invasive tumor grading in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-nine patients with GBMs were selected, including 21 patients with high-grade gliomas and 28 patients with low-grade gliomas. ASL perfusion imaging was performed with GE Signa Excite HD 3.0 T MR scanning system (GE Healthcare). Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and relative tumor blood flow (rTBF) were quantified in all patients...

OBJECTIVE: To identify quantitative histological features that can differentiate between low grade ductal carcinoma in situ (LG-DCIS) and classic type lobular carcinoma in situ (C-LCIS). STUDY DESIGN: Regions of solid intraductal proliferation from scanned hematoxylin and eosin images of LG-DCIS (20 cases) and C-LCIS (25 cases) were analyzed using Mercator Version 1.0 (ExploraNova, La Rochelle, France). The system detects structures based on optical density. Multiple variables were measured, including estimators of size (mean nuclear area), shape (form factor), and staining (grayscale value)...

BACKGROUND: Uromodulin, also known as Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THG), is the most abundantly produced protein appearing in normal urine. Under normal conditions it has several functions, the most important being the provision of a water-tight boundary to the end path of filtration and the prevention of urinary tract infections. Under certain conditions THG is accumulated in urinary tract organs and the deposition is most often clinically silent. CASE: We report a case of 78-year-old man with clinically evident hydronephrosis and stenosis of the right ureter...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare benign vascular lesion. The clinical significance of bladder AVM lies in its presentation with painless hematuria and a hyperemic sessile bladder wall mass. CASE REPORT: A 47-year-old man presented with irritative symptoms and hematuria. Cystoscopically the lesion appeared as an erythematous, broad-based mass obscuring the right ureteral orifice. The patient underwent cystoprostatectomy for suspected mass lesion...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the histopathologic and immunohistochemical effects of systemic use of nicotine on the submandibular glands. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the effects of nicotine on apoptosis and angiogenesis. Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: nicotine (n = 10) and controls (n = 10). The rats of the nicotine group were administered 2 mg/kg nicotine sulphate for 28 days. All animals were sacrified at the end of the study, and submandibular samples were removed and prepared for histologic examination...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Potentilla fulgens as a prophylactic agent on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat ovary. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into 4 equal groups: (I) sham, (II) ischemia, (III) ischemia + reperfusion, and (IV) IR + Potentilla fulgens. In groups I and II, ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 hour of ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a quantitative histopathology algorithm to predict which patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) were likely to experience recurrence or metastases. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study of cSCC lesions compared patients with aggressive disease (n = 40) and those with nonaggressive disease (n = 35). Based on a previous study using nuclear karyometry, we determined that aggressive lesions had a high proportion of a specific nuclear phenotype...

OBJECTIVE: A metaanalysis was performed to investigate the association between serum osteopontin (OPN) levels and the clinical pathological features in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant studies published prior to September 2014 using PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. Data extracted from the selected studies were analyzed using statistical software...

OBJECTIVE: To show apoptotic and mitotic activities in differentiation and proliferation of the trophoblast through the techniques of immunohistochemistry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-uridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), apart from achieving a morphological examination of placental development during early gestation in rats. STUDY DESIGN: Animals were sacrificed on days 7, 9, 11, and 13 of pregnancy. The samples removed from those rats were processed for purposes of microscopic analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method whereby axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis can be predicted without ALN dissection, via computational image analysis of routinely acquired tumor histology. STUDY DESIGN: We employed digital image processing to stratify patients based on the histological attributes of the primary tumor. We extracted image features that capture the nuclear and architectural properties of the specimen. We then used a novel machine learning algorithm to transform image features into a scalar score that provided not only a metastasis prediction but also the certainty of classification...

BACKGROUND: Primary malignancies arising in the urethra are rare and, contrary to the other genitourinary malignancies, are more common in female patients. The pathologic diagnosis of primary adenocarcinoma can be challenging due to its rarity and overlapping features with other primary and secondary malignancies. There is no specific immunoprofile to define these adenocarcinomas, but available markers may allow comparison with common secondary tumors. About 30 primary cases have been recorded to date...

OBJECTIVE: To compare histological and molecular alterations in the embryonic and neonatal thymi following exposure to tunicamycin. STUDY DESIGN: Mouse embryos at gestational days 17 (n = 7) and 18 (n = 7) and newborn animals at post-natal days 1 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 5) were divided into two groups: control and tunicamycin-treated. Combined Alcian blue and Periodic acid-Schiff sequences immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were performed to determine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation and laminin expression in control and tunicamycin-treated embryonic and postnatal thymi...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on the histopathology and leptin and sirtuin 2 expression levels of the kidneys in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STUDY DESIGN: The study was carried out with 33 young, healthy, female Wistar Albino rats. STZ was given (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, single dose) to the rats to induce and constitute a diabetes model. After 1 month of STZ, resveratrol (10 mg/kg) was given for 15 days. Then the kidneys were evaluated histopathologically and the leptin and sirtuin 2 expressions were analyzed immunohistochemically...

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (-ir) in the duck thymus during the embryonic and postembryonic development. STUDY DESIGN: Studies were carried out on Tianfu ducks on 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, and 26 days of age prehatching, and at 0 (hatching), 1, 3, 5, 8, 14, 17, 20, 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age posthatching using high-sensitivity immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: CGRP-ir was detected in the neuron-like cells, the lymphocytes, the vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as the reticular epithelial cells of Hassall's corpuscle and diffuse forms of Hassall's corpuscle...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate subacute toxicity of Bisphenol A (BPA) in adult rat ovaries using gastric intubation daily for 4 weeks by light and transmission electron microscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen rats were included in the study and divided into 2 groups: 12 rats were used for BPA administration (600 mg/kg body weight), and 3 rats received only vehicle and served as controls. The ovaries of both treated and control rats were taken at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postadministration, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and processed for light microscopy...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possible role of Granzyme B (GzmB) in abnormal wound healing through its immunohistochemical expression in keloid and hypertrophic scars and to study the relationship of its expression with the clinicopathologic parameters of studied cases. STUDY DESIGN: Using immunohistochemical techniques, GzmB was analyzed in skin biopsies of 44 patients (30 cases with abnormal scars [21 with keloid and 9 with hypertrophic scars] and 14 age- and gender-matched cases with surgical scars as a control group)...