Medical Archives

BACKGROUND: Active case finding (ACF) is an alternative strategy to accelerate the identification of TB cases among the migrant population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of ACF TB in migrants. METHODS: This study uses the PRISMA model as a method of searching for journal articles in the databases of Google Scholar, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and PubMed, as well as other sources such as textbooks and reports from 2017 to 2021 with the keywords "tuberculosis" AND "active case finding" AND "migrant" ...

BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is known as an acute, severe hypersensitivity reaction that rapidly initiates after exposure to a triggering agent. It is a life-threatening condition, and early recognition and swift intervention are crucial to saving patients' lives. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the ability of certified non-critical care physicians to recognize, manage, and dispose cases of anaphylaxis. METHODS: A survey consisting of 19 questions was developed by expert emergency consultants to evaluate physicians' knowledge regarding the recognition, management, and disposition of anaphylactic episodes...

BACKGROUND: HIV is still a global health concern worldwide and in 2021, a total of 27,000 newly infected cases were detected in the Indonesian population, specifically among adults. However, there is no available data found about serotonin levels in newly infected cases of HIV. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to preliminary investigate serotonin levels in newly-infected HIV-positive cases in the Indonesian population. METHODS: A quantitative cross-sectional analytic design was used with a total of 54 newly-infected HIV-positive participants who were enrolled using the purposive sampling technique...

BACKGROUND: Radical surgical resection for pancreatic head carcinoma offers a chance for cure but unfortunately is only available to a limited number of patients. For a significant number of patients, palliative surgery remains the only option. The question of the most effective approach for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic head carcinoma (BRPHC) remains unresolved. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the morbidity and mortality following R1 duodenocephalic pancreatectomy and double palliative bypass to explore the most optimal surgical treatment for patients with BRPHC...

BACKGROUND: Typhoid fever is an acute disease caused by Salmonella typhimurium that can invade the liver and cause symptoms of hepatomegaly,jaundice.Biochemically, these symptoms can be assessed by seeing the SGPT and SGOT levels increase. Pirdot Leaf is an herbal plant found in the Toba area of North Sumatra which has a lot of bioactive potential,namely flavonoids,steroids, saponins. Flavonoids are active substances that can overcome the inflammatory process, it is expected that the administration of Pirdot leaf extract can reduce levels of SGOT and SGPT in mice induced Salmonella Typhimurium...

BACKGROUND: In Vietnam, there has been no survey conducted on the prescribing and monitoring practices of oral anticoagulants to ensure that patients with atrial fibrillation receive appropriate. Objective: Therefore, we conducted this research to clarify the aforementioned issue in our hospital. METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional study by reviewing outpatient electronic medical records at the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City. Our study included 1087 patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), who visited the Cardiology clinic between January 1st, 2021, and June 30th, 2021...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. There is no national standard for PSA cut-off levels even through the transrectal prostate biopsy procedure causes many serious complications such as bleeding, infection, and sepsis. Therefore, determining cut-off levels for PSA and PSAD is essential to avoid unnecessary biopsies. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Prostate Specific Antigen Density (PSAD) cut-off points in patients with suspected prostate cancer...

BACKGROUND: Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of "NOS" chordoma involving the oropharyx and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland in the same patient. According to contemporary research, chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the embryonic remnants of the notochord. and typically involves the clivus, sacrococcygeal bones or vertebrae...

BACKGROUND: Informed Consent (IC) is crucial in pediatric research, aligning with the National Research Act of 1974 and the Belmont Report's principles. Current regulations, particularly 45 CFR 46, provide additional safeguards for children in research. OBJECTIVE: This article explores ethical challenges in pediatric research IC, drawing from PubMed literature and regulatory guidelines to understand historical context, legislative milestones, and contemporary issues...

BACKGROUND: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive decline among older adults is a still a topic of debate. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk of OSA and cognitive function among Saudi older adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted between July and October 2022. Participants were recruited from gathering areas where older adults are likely attending such as district centers, waiting areas of shopping malls, and mosques...

BACKGROUND: Prior to 2012, the mesentery was perceived as a fragmented structure, lacking distinct functional and anatomical characteristics, and was merely considered part of other digestive organs. Dr. J. Calvin Coffey's in 2012 in his study redefined the mesentery as a distinct organ with a clearly defined anatomical and histological structure, although its specific function remains under investigation. The continuous structure and unique tissue properties of the mesentery classify it as the 78th independent organ in the human body...

BACKGROUND: Medical school can be difficult and stressful. Academic burnout is described as exhaustion from curricular activities. Medical students are more likely to experience anxiety. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the level of academic burnout and stress as well as their level of resilience. METHODS: Saudi medical students were surveyed in a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. We used the following scales: Perceived Stress Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, and the Connor-Davidson Brief Resilience Scale to assess stress, academic burnout, and resilience respectively...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a world health emergency crisis that challenges the global health system and healthcare providers, especially frontline nurses' physical and mental well-being. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the association between depression, anxiety, and sleep quality among nurses working in Saudi Arabian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is an quantitative cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND: Generally, there are many methods for the treatment of urinary stones, of which percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive and highly effective method, and now become the first-line management for urinary stones, especially in the cases of complex stones and staghorne calculi. Accurate assessment of stone location, stone morphology, degree of hydronephrosis as well as urinary system abnormalities is extremely important in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy strategy...

BACKGROUND: Isolated subtalar joint dislocations without associated fractures are rare in the medical literature. They occur when the talus bone remains in place while the calcaneus and navicular bones shift out of place. These dislocations account for about 15% of talus bone injuries and 1 to 2% of all joint dislocations. They are more common in young men following inversion trauma. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to improve the understanding of diagnosis, treatment, and management of these rare injuries for better patient care...

BACKGROUD: Immune impairment, marked by increased expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4, promotes the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the association between serum CTLA-4 level and disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Indonesia between October 2021 to September 2022...

BACKGROUND: Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles ( CFEOM) is a group of genetically defined eye-moving disorders. The syndrome is clinically characterized by congenital non-progressive ophthalmoplegia caused by dysinervation of the cranial nerves with or without ptosis. As a main sign of a CFEOM, extraocular muscles get shrunken and fibrotic, which makes surgery more technically demanding and the result more unpredictable, which makes the treatment challenging and highly customized...

BACKGROUND: Endorphin is a biological change in molecular physiology that is commonly connected with anxiety. An increase in the level of anxiety is caused by both an increase and a decrease in the number of endorphins that are present in the brain; however, up until this point, it has never been reported that there is a relationship between the level of anxiety and the influence of interval training. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of training interval on endorphin level and anxiety degrees of secaba student soldiers with moderate degrees of anxiety...

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a disordered state of glucose metabolism defined by an elevated blood glucose level that is below the level required for the diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The onset and progression of macrovascular disease occur during the prediabetes phase. Early diagnosis and screening of prediabetes are essential steps to prevent diabetes and its associated complications. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in patients with cardiovascular disease according to the ADA criteria...

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder, characterized by a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms that are categorized into distinct positive, negative, disorganization and cognitive symptom domains. The outcome of the disease is better in female patients compared to male patients who have a higher risk of rehospitalization and twice as long duration of hospital treatment. In male patients with schizophrenia an earlier onset of the disease, negative symptoms and a more severe clinical picture are noted, with a less promising therapeutic response to neuroleptics...