Medical Archives

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism is a manifestation of multi-hormonal resistance in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP Ia). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to present 9 months old male patient as case of congenital hypothyroidism. CASE REPORT: We describe a 9 months old male diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at age 1.5 month, who developed later (at age 5 months) cyanotic attack associated with hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism, patient had typical characters of AHO, so the diagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1a associated with resistance (TSH) was established...

BACKGROUND: Administration of a single-dose activated charcoal (SDAC) is an effective method used for gastric decontamination and for other types of poisoning and overdose. This is only true when given within the first hour of poison ingestion as the effectivity of SDAC reduces over time. In addition, generally, not all patients are able to avail treatment within the specified period. Hence, multi-dose activated charcoal is regarded as a solution to a delayed process, although, no proof outweighs the use of SDAC...

BACKGROUND: Deep Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an urging cause of hospitalization in the gastroenterology due to different causes and an unpredictable outcome. Known causes are grouped into four main groups: metabolic, mechanical, vascular and infectious. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of certain biochemical or radiological parameters as predictors of an involvement of other organs in AP different pathological staging and the surgical outcome in the treatment of AP...

BACKGROUND: Bleeding Worldwide, approximately 300,000 infants are born annually with neural tube defects (NTDs), which carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the experience with NTD patients born at a tertiary academic center. METHODS: A retrospective record review of all neonates with NTD admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over six years. RESULTS: Out of the 39 patients identified, 32 (82...

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer renal and cardiovascular problems and early death. In 2016, 13.4% of all ages globally had CKD. Kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension have a microvascular component. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) commonly occur concurrently, indicating that the same mechanisms may be at action in the eyes and kidneys. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a tough medical problem because of late signs and late treatment...

BACKGROUND: Due to the extensive workload and clinical demands of nursing education, undergraduate nursing students are particularly prone to depression. OBJECTIVE: to assess the level of depression and its sociodemographic and academic determinants among undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional analysis of 258 nursing students recruited from a college of nursing at Saudi university. The data collection instruments used were a Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale...

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise is a process of increasing contraction of skeletal muscles involving several organ systems to increase energy formation and it is one of the pillars for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). T2DM affects the expression of the TGF-β gene. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the effect of moderate intensity continuous training and slow interval training in expression of TGF-β gene in wistar rats T2DM model...

BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral fractures (PrFF) are one of the most common causes of emergency admission in the elderly population. The majority of patients have pre-existing conditions that get worsened by unplanned surgery. OBJECTIVE: Purpose of this article was to evaluate if a is single shot of dexamethasone with levobupivacaine administered intrathecally reduces postoperative pain and cognitive complications in patients with proximal femoral fractures. METHODS: The study was performed at a level II trauma center which is a part of a teaching hospital with a catchment population of around 300,000 patients, the first author's affiliation...

BACKGROUND: Cat Intensive care unit (ICU) delirium is a significant complication that increases the mortality, morbidity, and length of stay for critically ill patient. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the critical care nurse's knowledge of ICU delirium and the effectiveness of an educational program about the recognition and assessment of ICU delirium on critical care nurse's knowledge. METHODS: A quasi-experimental single group pre-test-post-test design was conducted using delirium knowledge assessment questionnaires...

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise is a systematic exercise to increase muscle strength achieve goals such as improving the athlete's physical and preventing injury. Athletes must do is massage therapy to prevent muscle fatigue and pain due to physical exercise or during competition. The increase of lactic acid levels affects the maximum working ability of muscle fibers, decreases physical performance, and is fatigue in which the onset of pain. Lime essential oil as a topical oil contains high ester substances that have pharmacological effects such as natural analgesic effects to relieve pain...

BACKGROUND: Approximately five million patients on yearly basis are being admitted to the critical care unit around the world. Around (77%) of these patients suffer from pain during their stay in critical care units. Undertreated pain aggravates anxiety, sleep deprivation, agitation, delirium, and depression that often lead to a chronic condition. There are various barriers toward recognition and proper management of pain such as sedation, the presence of endotracheal tube, healthcare providers lack of knowledge etc...

BACKGROUND: Following the c In the management of BPH, Tamsulosin is an example of a-adrenergic receptor blocker drug that is usually used. In addition, dutasteride is also a BPH drug that works as a group of 5 a reductase inhibitor. However, the weakness of long-term administration of a1-adrenergic receptor antagonists can result in upregulation of prostate smooth muscle cell contractility and expression of a-adrenergic mRNA receptors, resulting in hyperactivity and supersensitivity to a-agonists...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer among men. Mutations and accumulation of chromosomal deviations are correlated with the development and aggressiveness of PCa. Cell cycle checkpoint pathways and DNA repair mechanisms are reported to deviate in cancers. Mammalian checkpoint kinase 1/2 ( CHEK1 / CHEK2 ) genes act as key signal transducers inside the genomic integrity checkpoints. CHEK1 and CHEK2 gene mutations were reported in a few different types of cancers...

BACKGROUND: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disease caused by a cat's scratch, hard enough to break the skin's surface. Clinical manifestations include inflammatory lymphadenopathy and papular lesions at the site of the injury. However, it may be mistaken for a neoplasm-related process e.g., lymphoma due to its similar clinical presentation. OBJECTIVE: To report a CSD case in an Indonesian male presenting with mass-like symptoms in the oncologic ward of our center...

BACKGROUND: Following the consideration of COVID-19 as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), developing new vaccinations against COVID-19 was the dream of humanity. Leading companies competed to achieve this task. Several vaccinations have been developed relatively quickly. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to review the literature regarding medical, ethical, and legal aspects of COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: Literature was reviewed regarding various issues of COVID-19 vaccinations...

BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder is a syndrome of urgency with the absence of infection and is usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia. Both sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and intravesical botulinum toxin (BTX) injection are used contentiously in overactive bladder after failure of conservative management. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to provide an updated comparative overview of BTX injection versus SNM in the treatment of overactive bladder. METHODS: PubMed and Google scholar databases were explored starting from 2016 to 2022 to obtain relevant articles...

BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic complications are a frequent occurrence during COVID-19. This report presents a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery. Pathological occlusive changes, such as thrombosis, are four times more common on the left subclavian. Thrombosis of the subclavian artery occurs in about 1% of the population, but atherosclerotic changes are common and usually asymptomatic. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this report is to present a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery associated with symptoms of COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: It is important to evaluate the agreement between clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review studies and to calculate the degree of agreement between clinical and histopathological diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to find out the concordance level between clinical and histopathological diagnosis; to find out in which type of pathology concordance was the highest; to identify the types of pathologies for which biopsy was mostly performed and the anatomical region selected for biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Palliative care has an important role in cancer treatment. It has been established in Indonesia for years, however, palliative care does not give significant improvements which may due to the numerous components of palliative care. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to identify factors affecting palliative care in Indonesia. METHODS: This article is a literature review which was conducted through a systematic search from four online databases: Cochrane, Pubmed, Embase, EbscoHOST...

BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle collisions (MVC) are a major burden on healthcare systems. Saudi Arabia is one of the countries with a high mortality rate of MVC. Blunt tracheobronchial injuries are rare; however, it is a catastrophic event that requires a high center of care. Lack of experience and advanced faculty prompt early stabilization and transfer of the victim for advanced care. Due to the uncertainty of management of these injuries, we would like to share our experience in dealing with such injuries...