Ophthalmology and Therapy

INTRODUCTION: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication of cataract surgery. In this study, we develop a model to quantitatively predict the probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy for vision-threatening PCO to improve the life quality of postoperative patients. METHODS: A registry analysis of cataract procedures performed between the years 2010 and 2021. Following the screening of 16,802 patients (25,883 eyes), 9768 patients (eyes) were enrolled...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to compare retinal and choroidal alterations in eyes with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP), using conventional pattern scan laser (PASCAL) and PASCAL with endpoint management (EPM). METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of a paired randomized clinical trial. Bilateral treatment-naïve eyes of an individual with symmetric severe NPDR were randomly allocated into the threshold PRP group and subthreshold EPM PRP group...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a violet-light filtering intraocular lens (IOL) compared to a colorless IOL control. METHODS: This was a prospective, bilateral, randomized, comparative, patient/evaluator-masked multi-center clinical trial at 12 sites in the USA. Patients underwent standard small-incision phacoemulsification cataract extraction. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision were tested 12 months postoperatively...

INTRODUCTION: Implantation of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is still considered relatively contraindicated, without sufficient clinical evidence. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the results of toric IOL implantation in patients with FECD. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study of 28 eyes of FECD patients and 84 eyes of healthy control patients who received toric IOLs during routine cataract surgery was performed...

INTRODUCTION: Refractive lens exchange (RLE) patients represent a unique population with a different baseline and set of expectations compared to their cataract counterparts. Visual outcomes and patient satisfaction following RLE with bilateral implantation of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) were assessed in a cohort of patients with presbyopia and without cataract. METHODS: Charts of patients with presbyopia who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted RLE with bilateral implantation of the PanOptix trifocal IOL (toric and non-toric) at a single-surgeon, private practice center from September 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively reviewed...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this short article is to report the clinical outcomes of topical 0.1% ciclosporin cationic emulsion (CsA-CE) used on label in children with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). METHODS: In this prospective, non-comparative, observational study children affected by active severe VKC were treated for at least 12 months with topical 0.1% CsA-CE. The drug was instilled in both eyes 4 times daily. Data collected from medical charts for the baseline visit (T0) and 1-year follow-up visit (T1) included symptomatic score (0-15), clinical score (0-15), side effects, rescue therapy (need and total number of courses with 0...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cystoid macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of pseudophakic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and identify possible related risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted within a cohort of pseudophakic patients undergoing vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment between January 2019 and December 2022. Demographic data, initial and intraoperative characteristics of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and postoperative data were analyzed...

INTRODUCTION: Bleb scarring is the most important complication of trabeculectomy. Changing the application position of mitomycin C (MMC) during trabeculectomy might affect the surgery outcome. Our aim is to compare the effectiveness and safety of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in two different application sites of mitomycin in trabeculectomy. METHODS: This retrospective trial compared the surgical outcomes of 177 eyes that underwent trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C...

INTRODUCTION: To compare the visual outcomes of astigmatism correction with implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery with low-to-moderate astigmatism through a steep-meridian corneal relaxing incision (SM-CRI) and non-steep-meridian corneal relaxing incision (NSM-CRI). METHODS: Seventy eyes of 70 patients with myopia and myopic astigmatism who underwent ICL V4c implantation were classified into two groups: SM-CRI and NSM-CRI. Refractive outcomes and vector analysis were evaluated preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively...

INTRODUCTION: To investigate changes in the vitreoretinal interface after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: Eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF in a single-center were retrospectively reviewed. Fundus abnormalities and features of optical computed tomography were studied. RESULTS: A total of 295 eyes from 254 patients were recruited to the study...

Adiponectin, one of the most ubiquitous adipokines found in the blood, plays a major role in glucolipid metabolism and energy metabolism and regulation. In recent years, a growing body of research indicates that adiponectin also plays a significant role in diabetic retinopathy. In the present review, we specifically address the protective effects of adiponectin on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy through improvement in insulin resistance, alleviation of oxidative stress, limiting of inflammation, and prevention of vascular remodeling, with the aim to explore new potential approaches and targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy...

INTRODUCTION: Visual acuity (VA) testing is a critical screening examination for the assessment of visual function. This study describes the development and validation of a smartphone-based VA test: the K-VA test. METHODS: A total of 171 patients with various ocular diseases were examined in our outpatient unit at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine in Greece. Participants underwent VA examination using the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and the K-VA smartphone-based test...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to compare the "real-life" effectiveness of amniotic membrane graft (AMG) and conjunctival (CAT) or limbal conjunctival (LCA) autograft in the management of primary pterygium. METHODS: Human-based studies on primary pterygium surgery that were published between 1993 and 2022 with at least 3 months of follow-up were identified, and only those that were retrospective were included. The global recurrence rate of pterygium was assessed for each surgical technique separately...

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed 5-year results of rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with +1.5 diopters (D) near addition (Lentis Comfort LS-313 MF15, Teleon Surgical B.V., Spankeren, Netherlands). METHODS: In 38 eyes of 20 patients (76.8 ± 4.6 years) who were examined at both 1 and 5 years after surgery, clinical data were retrospectively collected. RESULTS: Corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity (5 m) and uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (70 cm) were excellent, with no significant differences between 1 and 5 years after surgery...

Yellow subthreshold micropulse laser (YSML) is a retinal laser capable of inducing a biologic response without causing thermal damage to the targeted tissue. The 577-nm YSML is delivered to the retina abiding by different protocols in which wavelength, power, duration, spot size and number of spots can be properly set to achieve the most effective and safe treatment response in various chorioretinal disorders. The ultrashort trains of power modulate the activation of the retinal pigment epithelium cells and intraretinal cells, such as Müller cells, causing no visible retinal scars...

Corneal endothelium is a single cell layer that is mainly responsible for maintaining corneal clarity. Endothelial damage secondary to toxicity, stress, or genetic predisposition are common and in conjunction with the low regenerative ability of the cells, making their preservation critical for maintaining visual acuity. Patients with glaucoma, who are estimated to be close to 80 million worldwide, have a plethora of reasons for developing endothelial damage, being exposed to a spectrum that extends from various medical and surgical interventions to the disease itself...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the Clinical Activity Score, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels, chorioretinal blood vessels, and extraocular muscle thickness in patients with thyroid eye disease following systemic steroid treatment. METHODS: This prospective observational study enrolled 57 patients with active thyroid eye disease who received systemic intravenous glucocorticoids for 12 weeks...

INTRODUCTION: Amniotic membrane (AM) is a popular treatment for external ocular diseases. First intraocular implantations in other diseases reported promising results. Here, we review three cases of intravitreal epiretinal human AM (iehAM) transplantation as an adjunct treatment for complicated retinal detachment and analyze clinical safety. Possible cellular rejection reactions against the explanted iehAM were evaluated and its influence was assessed on three retinal cell lines in vitro...

INTRODUCTION: This study was performed to compare the optical performance of a multizonal presbyopia-correcting intraocular lens (IOL) and a conventional trifocal model. METHODS: The optical quality and simulated visual acuity (VA) of 570 Precizon Presbyopic NVA (OPHTEC BV) and AcrySof IQ PanOptix (Alcon) were compared. The Precizon features a refractive design consisting of alternating optical zones that converge the incident light into two principal foci and a transitional zone for intermediate vision...

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is promising in the field of healthcare. With the developments of big data and image-based analysis, AI shows potential value in ophthalmology applications. Recently, machine learning and deep learning algorithms have made significant progress. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the capability of AI in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of AI applications and potential future applications in anterior segment diseases, focusing on cornea, refractive surgery, cataract, anterior chamber angle detection, and refractive error prediction...