LGBT Health

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand whether health education materials made specifically for members of sexual and gender minority (SGM) groups play a pivotal role in SGM cancer survivors' care satisfaction and experiences. Methods: We identified 2250 SGM cancer survivors who completed the "OUT: National Cancer Survey," conducted by the National LGBT Cancer Network in 2020-2021, and classified participants by their self-reported satisfaction with overall cancer care. We examined care satisfaction in relation to use of SGM-tailored health education resources and factors surrounding their SGM identities, which may influence their satisfaction, including feelings of safety with care teams...

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a moderated mediation analysis to understand further the complex pathways through which structural stigma in the form of transgender sports bans was associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1033 adults who identified as SGM from across the 50 U.S. states and Washington, DC was conducted between January 28 and February 7, 2022. Distal discrimination distress was the mediation variable; individual resilience and social resources were the moderation variables...

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) cancer survivors report unique needs that are not met by some providers. The multicultural orientation (MCO) holds promise for creating a paradigm shift in providing affirmative cancer care, yet has not been tested empirically. This study examines the predictive strength of MCO's tenets of cultural humility and cultural opportunities for SGM cancer patient-provider relationships. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 108 SGM cancer survivors completed surveys on perceptions of their oncology providers' cultural humility and actualization of cultural opportunities as predictors of survivors' treatment adherence and the patient-provider alliance...

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are at greater risk for substance use than heterosexual and cisgender people, but most prior work is limited by cross-sectional analyses or the examination of single substance use. This study examined substance use over time among SGM people to identify patterns of polysubstance use at the intersection of sex and gender. Methods: Data were collected annually over 4 years from SGM respondents (n  = 11,822) in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study...

The visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and all sexually and gender diverse (LGBTQIA+) families is growing. Anti-LGBTQIA+ rhetoric and actions continue to shape the public discourse, legislation, and health care. This article highlights unique challenges and strengths of children raised by LGBTQIA+ parents. Health care professionals should be cognizant of challenges and resiliencies these children experience in a normative society regarding gender identity, sexual orientation, and sex development...

Purpose: The goal of this article was to identify demographic differences in receipt of gender dysphoria (GD) diagnosis and access to gender-affirming care (GAC) among adolescents whose gender identity and/or pronouns differed from their sex assigned at birth. Methods: Data were from 2444 patients who were 13-17 years old and had a documented gender identity and/or pronouns that differed from their sex assigned at birth in the electronic health record. Adjusted logistic regression models explored associations between demographic characteristics (sex assigned at birth, gender identity, race and ethnicity, language, insurance type, rural status) and presence of GD diagnosis and having accessed GAC...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Purpose: Anal cancer has disproportionately high incidence among sexual minority men. We compared acceptability of home versus clinic human papillomavirus (HPV) anal swabbing. Methods: The Prevent Anal Cancer Self-Swab Study recruited sexual and gender minority individuals in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Eligible participants were randomized to a home or clinic arm. Home participants received a mailed anal HPV self-sampling kit. Clinic participants attended a clinic appointment where a clinician collected an anal HPV swab...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide a systematic review and, where possible, meta-analysis on the prevalence of physical health conditions in sexual minority men (SMM, i.e., gay- and bisexual-identified men) compared with heterosexual-identified men. Methods: A systematic literature search in the databases MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted on epidemiological studies on physical health conditions, classified in the Global Burden of Disease project and published between 2000 and 2021...

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals may receive social support through active use of social media (i.e., posting and interacting). This study examined associations between active social media use, social support, and health indicators in a large sample of SGM adults in the United States. Methods: Data were derived from the 2017 wave of The PRIDE Study, a national cohort study of SGM health. SGM-identified adults reporting social media use ( N  = 5995) completed measures of active social media use, social support, depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, hazardous drinking, sleep, and physical activity...

Purpose: Sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex recorded at birth (SOGI) have been routinely excluded from demographic data collection tools, including in electronic medical record (EMR) systems. We assessed the ability of adding structured SOGI data capture to improve identification of transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) patients compared to using only International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and text mining and comment on the ethics of these cohort formation methods. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to classify patient gender at a single institution using ICD-10 codes, structured SOGI data, and text mining for patients presenting for care between March 2019 and February 2021...

Purpose: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients experience challenges in health care settings, including stigma, lack of culturally competent providers, and suboptimal gender-affirming care. However, differences in patient satisfaction between TGD patients compared with cisgender patients have been inadequately studied. This study aimed to assess such differences in patient satisfaction with care received in a large academic medical care system in Boston, Massachusetts. Methods: Routine patient satisfaction surveys were fielded from January to December 2021 and were summarized...

Purpose: Minority stress has been posited as a cause for sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals to smoke as a coping mechanism. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between minority stress processes and nicotine dependence level and stage of change for SGM smokers living in the Deep South region of the United States. Methods: A one-time, cross-sectional online survey was administered to SGM smokers living in the Deep South. Survey measurements included demographics, minority stress processes (prejudice events, perceived stigma, and internalized queerphobia), and smoking cessation outcomes (nicotine dependence level and stage of change)...

Purpose: Nearly half of transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) people will experience sexual assault in their lifetime. Beyond prevalence, little else is known about the general context in which sexual assault occurs in this community. In addition, whether and to whom trans/NB people report these experiences is also not well understood. As such, we examined these contextual factors regarding trans/NB people's sexual assault experiences. Methods: Using a cross-sectional online survey, we assessed sexual assault prevalence rates, contextual details, and reporting behaviors in a sample of 230 trans/NB adults in the United States...

Purpose: Assessing health care providers' knowledge, clinical skills, and prejudice toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and other sexual and gender minority populations (LGBTQIA+) can help identify areas for improvement in health care provider training. The aim of this study was to map the range of studies that report measures of health care providers' knowledge, clinical skills, or prejudice toward LGBTQIA+ populations. Methods: A scoping review adopting the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was conducted...

Purpose: This study explored the impact of delayed and foregone care due to COVID-19 on well-being among disabled and gender diverse adults. Methods: Using data from the 2021 National Survey on Health and Disability and logistic regression modeling we assessed the impact of delayed or foregone care due to COVID-19 on well-being among disabled people ( n  = 1638), with comparisons between cisgender ( n  = 1538) and gender diverse ( n  = 100) people with disabilities...

Purpose: The study was designed to evaluate whether an educational intervention to train the health center (HC) staff to optimize care for sexual and gender minority (SGM) patients could improve documentation of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) and increase preventive screenings. Methods: Twelve HCs were matched and randomized to either receive a tailored, multicomponent educational intervention or a 1-hour prerecorded webinar. Documentation of SGM status and clinical testing was measured through analysis of data that HCs report annually...

Purpose: We examined if associations between religious salience and substance use outcomes differed by sexual identity and sex in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. Methods: Using data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( N  = 41,216 adults), logistic regression models tested whether sexual identity and sex moderated the associations between religious salience (agreement on the importance of religious beliefs) and past-year alcohol and drug use and use disorders...

Purpose: This study describes prevalence of caregiving before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among racially diverse older cisgender sexual minority women, examines factors associated with caregiving, and assesses relationships between caregiving and health. Methods: A convenience sample of participants aged ≥50 years completed self-administered online surveys assessing sociodemographic characteristics, caregiver status, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms. Bivariate statistics compared response variables by race, caregiver status, and timing of caregiving relative to the pandemic...

Purpose: Weight stigma is associated with poor mental and emotional health and may be especially harmful to sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals due to co-occurring minority stress. The literature on this topic has not been synthesized. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on weight stigma and mental and emotional health among SGM individuals to synthesize findings, highlight gaps, and identify clinical and research implications. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus in April 2022...