Annals of Neurosciences

BACKGROUND: Headache is an extremely common symptom of the general outpatient department and also the headache clinic, with prevalence of 48.9% in the general population. None has ever experienced headache in life time. Headache is seen in 1 patient out of 10 general practitioner (GP) consultations, 1 referral out of 3 is headache in neurology OPD, and 1 in 5 of all emergency medical admissions. Of all headaches, around 98% constitute primary headache: migraine without aura, tension headache, and cluster headache...

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects approximately 50-70 million people worldwide. Epilepsy has a significant economic and social burden on patients as well as on the country. The recurrent, spontaneous seizure activity caused by abnormal neuronal firing in the brain is a hallmark of epilepsy. The current antiepileptic drugs provide symptomatic relief by restoring the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. Besides, about 30% of epileptic patients do not achieve seizure control...

BACKGROUND: Yoga originated in the territory of modern India more than 3,000 years ago uses techniques for working with the musculoskeletal system, cardiorespiratory system, and attention. Currently, the effectiveness and safety of yoga in patients with various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), is of interest to many scientists and clinicians. PURPOSE: The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of yoga on symptoms and quality of life in patients with MS vs physical therapy (exercise therapy) and no exercise...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Stress can affect the morphology and synaptic organization of the telencephalon. These structural changes at the cellular level can lead to the development of various psychopathologies. PURPOSE: Given that the telencephalon plays a major role in stress responses, the current study aimed to investigate the role of Spirulina platensis as a neuroprotectant supplement in the early life of zebrafish in averting the alteration of synapse morphology in the telencephalon caused by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in the later stage...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Segmentation and morphometric measurement of brain tissue and regions from non-invasive magnetic resonance images have clinical and research applications. Several software tools and models have been developed by different research groups which are increasingly used for segmentation and morphometric measurements. Variability in results has been observed in the imaging data processed with different neuroimaging pipelines which have increased the focus on standardization. PURPOSE: The availability of several tools and models for brain morphometry poses challenges as an analysis done on the same set of data using different sets of tools and pipelines may result in different results and interpretations and there is a need for understanding the reliability and accuracy of such models...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered frequent, unnecessary thoughts that lead to repetitive actions to lessen the apprehension provoked by thoughts; this repetitive sequence may further influence trouble in one's daily activities. The remedial procedure for OCD includes medication (such as SSRIs, anxiolytics, and antidepressants) with psychotherapy [such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure response prevention (ERP)]. Previous investigations indicated that regardless of the trend of adopting CBT and ERP to treat OCD, only around half of the patients experienced a full reduction in symptoms...

Ewing's Sarcomas (ES)/Peripheral neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) are heterogenous group of rare, highly malignant, undifferentiated primitive round-cell neoplasms of neuroectodermal origin. pPNETs are seldom observed to involve the spine of which Spinal Intradural Extramedullary Extraosseous Primary ES/pPNET are extremely rare. We report a case of a 23-year-old male with complaints of low backache and hip pain radiating to the left inguinal region for four months. Radiology findings were suggestive of a neurogenic tumour...

Rates of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) misdiagnosis or at times delayed diagnosis and related outcomes have remained underexplore, and also there is less knowledge about the long-term outcome of patients with untreated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT). Long-term presentations of untreated CVT are rare. We hereby presenting series of four interesting patients of chronic CVT whose diagnosis was missed and how varied chronic presentations of untreated CVT appeared to neurology and how subtle radiologic features helped with correct diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: In India, a number of diabetes patients are rising, around 41 million Indians are suffering from diabetes. The depressed mood of an individual restricts the performance of that individual-socially, financially, and health-wise. PURPOSE: Patients with diabetes having depression have shown worst diabetes outcomes in contrast to those suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only, perhaps due to neglect at retaining a specific dietary regimen to control blood sugar levels, and/or not complying with regular exercise, consistent lifestyle, and treatment course...

BACKGROUND: Examination stress is a very well-known model of psychological stress in students. It induces changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), due to autonomic perturbations. PURPOSE: To find out if Raj Yoga meditation (RYM) practice affects autonomic and cardiovascular function in healthy young subjects during periods of examination stress. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of one month of supervised RYM practice on ameliorating examination-induced changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is defined as a condition in which a formation of abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus takes place. Irrespective of any ethnic and socioeconomic class, the prevalence of the diseases has been seen among women of reproductive age. Endometriosis has been seen adversely affect the physical, psychological, social, and career of women. SUMMARY: This paper aims to identify and describe the experiences and outcomes of endometriosis healthcare by reviewing the existing literature on social and psychological effects of endometriosis...

BACKGROUND: The typology of word order in Hindi (Subject-Object-Verb, SOV) differs from that of English (Subject-Verb-Object, SVO). Bilinguals whose two languages have conflicting word order provide a unique opportunity to understand how word order affects language processing. Earlier behavioural and event-related brain potential (ERP) studies with Spanish-Basque bilinguals showed longer reading times and more errors in the comprehension of OSV sentences than SOV sentences in Basque language, indicating that non-canonical word orders (OSV) were difficult to process than canonical word order (SOV)...

BACKGROUND: Sequential changes in brainstem and spinal cord neurons after traumatic injury to peripheral nerves are related to neuropathic pain symptoms. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of nerve insult on stimulus-induced c-Fos expression and ERK phosphorylation by brainstem neurons. METHODS: The brainstem trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (BTSNC) was examined for neuronal profiles immunolabeled with c-Fos and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) antibodies elicited by stimulation of the tongue with capsaicin after lingual or inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury...

BACKGROUND: Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, across wrist (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment. Using surface stimulation techniques, it is difficult to localize the sites of stimulation of transcarpal segment of median nerve in palm...