Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry

Gold standard tests are usually used for diagnosis of a disease, but the gold standard tests may not be always available or cannot be administrated due to many reasons such as cost, availability, ethical issues etc. In such cases, some instruments or screening tools can be used to diagnose the disease. However, before the screening tools can be applied, it is crucial to evaluate the accuracy of these screening tools compared to the gold standard tests. In this assay, we will discuss how to assess the accuracy of a diagnostic test through an example using R program...

Hypokalemia can cause abnormalities in multiple systems. Long term use of antipsychotic medications can lead to electrolyte imbalance, including hypokalemia. We report a 49-year-old female patient with schizophrenia who developed hypokalemia after oral quetiapine and risperidone treatments. Her blood potassium became normal after she switched to another antipsychotic drug (amisulpride). In addition, we discuss the potential mechanism of antipsychotic drugs leading to hypokalemia and clinical cautions.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The abuse of methamphetamine (METH) has become a public health problem worldwide. This type of new drug can not only lead to addiction but can also cause cognitive impairment. Currently, there is no effective treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a painless and non-invasive green physiotherapy which can be used in the clinical treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. However, whether it can be used to treat methamphetamine addiction is unclear...

Background: In the last decade, olanzapine became widely used in mental health service worldwide even after being criticized for its metabolic side effects. Patients with schizophrenia on olanzapine were usually found to stay on their medications longer than the other second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) except clozapine. The reason for this is unknown. Objective: This prospective study compared the influences of olanzapine and other SGAs except clozapine on improving insight and medication discontinuation rate in schizophrenia...

Background: Both patients with methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) and patients with schizophrenia suffer from obvious cognitive deficits in working memory, and this affects the functional prognosis of patients. Aim: This study is to investigate the difference of working memory deficits between patients with MAP and patients with schizophrenia, especially the difference of central executive system function, and the relevance of working memory deficits and clinical characteristics...

Background: The impairment of cognitive function is one of the core symptoms in schizophrenia, and the degree of recovery is closely related to whether patients are able to rejoin society successfully. Objective: This study was to clarify the correlation between cognitive function and cerebral grey matter volume in schizophrenia. Methods: The neuro-cognitive functions of thirty-seven patients with first-episode schizophrenia (the patient group) and thirty healthy controls (the control group) was evaluated with the Clock Drawing Test, Trail Marking Test, Digit Span Test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Semantic Similarity Test and Stroop Color-Word Test...

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and its etiology and pathological mechanism are unknown. This article mainly introduces the progress of biological studies of schizophrenia in China in 2017, including neuroimaging, genetics, and immunology studies. It also introduces the research progress of high-risk psychotic syndrome and physiotherapy.

Simpson's paradox is very prevalent in many areas. It characterizes the inconsistency between the conditional and marginal interpretations of the data. In this paper, we illustrate through some examples how the Simpson's paradox can happen in continuous, categorical, and time-to-event data.

Psychogenic seizures are often underdiagnosed and epilepsy is very often over-treated which leads to multiple financial, social and stigma related difficulties. The myoclonic seizure itself is a rare phenomenon and when functional movement disorder presents like myoclonus then it's extremely difficult to pinpoint the exact cause. Here, we are presenting a case who was misdiagnosed as having a myoclonic seizure disorder and treated in multiple places without any improvement which ultimately turned out to be functional movement disorder of a rare variety...

Psychogenic dystonia is one of the most common problems encountered in movement disorder patients and accounted mostly for misdiagnosis, management confusion and treatment resistance. Psychiatric morbidities often are the culprit, hence proper psychiatric history taking is of utmost importance. Here we report one case where dystonia was the main presenting complaint of an underlying depressive episode and discuss how managing the cause alleviated the symptoms.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Little is known internationally about the psychiatric epidemiology and mental health services in Tibet. This article reviews the relevant research of psychiatric epidemiology and mental health services in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), P. R. China. There is a substantive number of people suffering from mental disorders and psychological problems in an area with a general lack of modern mental health institutions and professionals.

Background: The incidence of depressive symptoms is higher in cancer patients. And depression can also affect the occurrence, development and outcome of cancer through the neuroendocrine-immune-network system. Objective: To study the level of Nesfatin-1 in the plasma and brain tissue and its role in the pathogenesis in gastric cancer comorbid with depression using a mouse gastric cancer model. Methods: 18 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group (NCG), gastric cancer without stress model group (GCNS), and gastric cancer combined with stress model group (GCS)...

Background: Lack of insight has been extensively studied and was found to be adversely correlated with impaired treatment compliance and worse long term clinical outcomes among patients with schizophrenia, while not much is known about this phenonmenon in patients with severe depression. Aim: To explore the correlates of insight and its relation to symptom changes among the most seriously ill patients with affective disorders, those who require hospitalization. Methods: Patients hospitalized in a large psychiatric hospital in south China with either major depressive disorder (MDD)(N=55) or bipolar depression (BD) (N=85) based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria were assessed with the Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ) one week after admission and at the time of discharge...

Background: We have developed a structured cognitive behavioral therapy manual for anxiety disorder in China, and the present study evaluated the applicability of simplified cognitive behavioral therapy based on our previous research. Aims: To evaluate the applicability of simplified cognitive behavioral therapy (SCBT) on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by conducting a multi-center controlled clinical trial. Methods: A multi-center controlled clinical trial of SCBT was conducted on patients with GAD, including institutions specializing in mental health and psychiatry units in general hospitals...

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness with a high misdiagnosis rate and commonly misdiagnosed as other mental disorders including depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and personality disorders, resulting in the mistreatment of clinical symptoms and increasing of recurrent episodes. AIMS: To understand the reasons for misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in an outpatient setting in order to help clinicians more clearly identify the disease and avoid diagnostic errors...

Depressive disorder is one of the most common mental health problems currently. However, the mechanism-based treatments for this disorder remain elusive. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive procedure that could stimulate electrical activity by a pulsed magnetic field in the brain, is considered to be an effective treatment for depression. Here, we review the main findings from both clinical and basic research on rTMS for depression, including its antidepressant efficacy, basic principles, as well as its ability to regulate neural circuits, neurotransmitters and brain networks, neurogenesis in hippocampus, and synaptic, and molecular pathways...

Comparison of groups is a common statistical test in many biomedical and psychosocial research studies. When there are more than two groups, one first performs an omnibus test for an overall difference across the groups. If this null is rejected, one then proceeds to the next step of post-hoc pairwise group comparisons to determine sources of difference. Otherwise, one stops and declares no group difference. A common belief is that if the omnibus test is significant, there must exist at least two groups that are significantly different and vice versa...