Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is considered to be the sixth leading cause of death. The incidence rate estimates approximately 2% of hospital admissions are due to ADRs. OBJECTIVE: To monitor ADRs in Pulmonology department of a tertiary care hospital patient with pulmonary diseases in an inpatient department of pulmonology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, single centered, observational and open labeled study was carried out in Princess Esra Hospital...

OBJECTIVES: To formulate a polyherbal formulation and evaluate its antiarthritic activity against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in Female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glycosmis pentaphylla, Tridax procumbens, and Mangifera indica are well-known plants available throughout India and they are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including arthritis. The polyherbal formulation was formulated using the ethanol extracts of the stem bark of G...

Drugs raise blood glucose concentrations via two broad mechanisms: By reducing insulin biosynthesis or secretion, or by reducing tissue sensitivity to insulin. Until date, there have been very few reported cases of isoniazid induced diabetes. We are presenting a case report of 6-year-old child with isoniazid induced diabetes who was misdiagnosed initially as a case of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We hereby stress that before diagnosing a patient with diabetes-type 1 or 2, a detailed history of drug intake for any such drugs, which can cause hyperglycemia has to be taken...

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to evaluate the effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of Calotropis procera latex on edema formation and oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. METHODS: A sub-plantar injection of carrageenan was given to induce edema in the hind paw of the rat. The inhibitory effect of high molecular weight protein fraction of C. procera latex was evaluated following intravenous administration (5 and 25 mg/kg body weight) and was compared with that of diclofenac given orally (5 mg/kg)...

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively determine the extent and types of adverse drug events (ADEs) from the patient cases sheets and identify the contributing factors of medication errors. To assess causality and severity using the World Health Organization (WHO) probability scale and Hartwig's scale, respectively. METHODS: Hundred patient case sheets were randomly selected, modified version of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Global Trigger Tool was utilized to identify the ADEs; causality and severity were calculated utilizing the WHO probability scale and Hartwig's severity assessment scale, respectively...

AIM: Periodontitis is one of the major problems slowly progressing and could affect 70% of the global population. The prevalence of periodontitis differs from mild to moderate forms of race and geographic region. The aim of this study is to determine the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the gingival tissues of periodontitis subjects. In this study, the activity of ACP in the gingival tissue of subjects with periodontitis was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 subjects were selected for the study and are divided into group I (n = 15, healthy subjects in control) and in group II (n = 15, periodontitis subjects)...

BACKGROUND: Dental diseases negatively influence people's oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and thus their perceived need for dental care. QoL is increasingly acknowledged as a valid, appropriate and significant indicator of service need and intervention outcomes in contemporary public health research and practice. OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the psychometric properties of oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) scale among rural and urban OHIP of Udaipur population...

INTRODUCTION: Off-label drug prescribing is very common in Psychiatry. US-Food and Drug Administration has defined off-label drug as "use of drugs for the indication, dosage form, regimen, patient or other use constraint not mentioned in the approved labeling." OBJECTIVE: The objective was to evaluate off-label drug use in patients attending Outpatient Department of Psychiatry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One year prospective, cross sectional study was conducted on patients attending Psychiatry Outpatient Department...

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Vascular malformations are one of the most common lesions of the oral cavity. The lesion may be a congenital malformation observed in neonates or arteriovenous malformation observed in adults. Various surgical and medical managements are possible for vascular lesions which include surgical excision, laser therapy, cryotherapy, selective embolization, intralesional sclerosing agents, β-blockers and steroid therapy. Here we report a case of oral vascular lesion where intralesional injection with 30 mg/ml of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) was given, which resulted in local complications with severe inflammatory response including pain, swelling, and surface ulceration that remained for 2 weeks...

CONTEXT: Dental caries, a ubiquitous multifactorial infectious disease, is primarily caused by microorganisms like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Use of antimicrobials is an important strategy to curb cariogenic microorganisms. AIM: The aim was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of C. sinensis extract on S. mutans and L. acidophilus. STUDY SETTING AND DESIGN: Experimental design, in vitro study, lab setting...

BACKGROUND: Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) has been the standard topical antimicrobial for burn wounds for decades. Recently, nanometer-sized silver particles are available which have high surface to volume ratio and remain effective even at a very low concentration and minimizes the chance for tissue toxicity due to silver. Hence, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of topical SSD and nano-crystalline silver (AgNP) hydrogel in burn wounds management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was conducted in the Burn Unit of IPGME&R & SSKM Hospital Calcutta, from January 2011 to August 2012...

CONTEXT: Antimicrobial efficacy of subgingival chlorhexidine (CHX) application using two different vehicles of delivery. AIMS: The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of CHX varnish and gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in reducing microbial count within moderate to deep periodontal pockets. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Experimental parallel mouth study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 30 subjects between the age groups 25 and 55 years having moderate to severe periodontitis, with pocket depth ≥ 5 mm were selected for the study...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge about the availability of the pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department among health-care professionals through a prospective cohort study. METHODS: A total of 741 health-care professionals participated in the study by answering 10 simple questions about the role of the pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department and the availability of pharmacist in the nuclear medicine department. An online questionnaire system was used to conduct the study, and participants were invited to participate through personal communications and by promoting the study through social websites including Facebook, LinkedIn and Google (including Gmail and Google+)...

BACKGROUND: Toothbrushes may play a significant role in plaque control. Toothbrushes should be correctly stored, disinfected and changed at regular intervals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate solution and ultra violet (UV) toothbrush-sanitizer for toothbrush disinfection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tooth brushes were distributed to fifteen study subjects, who were selected randomly and who met the study criteria...

AIM: A simple, accurate, precise, and reproducible reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of rizatriptan benzoate in oral strip formulations. METHODOLOGY: Separation was achieved under optimized chromatographic condition on a Hiper C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 m) using Shimadzu HPLC. The mobile phase consisted of phosphate buffer (20 mM pH adjusted to 3.2 ± 0.005 with ortho phosphoric acid): Methanol in the ratio of 70:30 v/v with isocratic elution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at ambient temperature was performed...

OBJECTIVE: Several tools have been introduced to evaluate the quality of prescribing. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of prescribing in hypertension and bronchial asthma in tertiary health care (THC) setting using the new Prescription Quality Index (PQI) tool and to assess the reliability of this tool. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out for 2 months in order to assess the quality of prescribing of antihypertensive and antiasthmatic drugs using recently described PQI at THC facility...

BACKGROUND: There is an urgent need for innovative strategies to combat the two most common dental diseases of mankind namely dental caries and periodontitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the double combinations of Acacia nilotica (AN), Murraya koenigii L. Sprengel (MKL), Eucalyptus hybrid and Psidium guajava on primary plaque colonizers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plant extracts of AN, MKL. Sprengel, Eucalyptus hybrid and P...

Hypertension was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats with twice weekly administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt (20 mg/kg s.c) for 4 weeks. They were divided into eight groups of six animals each viz., hypertensive control, standard (prazosin 1 mg/kg), cleistanthin A 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg and cleistanthin B 12.5, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg. One more group served as normal control. The hypertension was induced in 4 weeks, and the animals were given assigned treatment in 5(th) week. The alteration in blood pressure (BP) was recorded weekly using a rodent noninvasive blood pressure system...

CONTEXT: The distribution of uropathogens and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics vary regionally and even in the same region, they change over time. Therefore, the knowledge on the frequency of the causative microorganisms and their susceptibility to various antibiotics are necessary for a better therapeutic outcome. AIM: The aim was to study the frequency and distribution of uropathogens and their resistance pattern to antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital...