Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

BACKGROUND: The early relationships between infant and care takers are significant and the emotional interactions of these relationships play an important role in forming personality and adulthood relationships. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship of attachment styles (AS) and emotional intelligence (EI) with marital satisfaction (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional research, 450 married people (226 male, 224 female) were selected using multistage sampling method in Mashhad, Iran, in 2011...

CONTEXT: More than half of the bipolar disorder (BD) cases have an additional diagnosis; one of the most difficult to manage is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Although some authors recently investigated the co-occurrence of anxiety and BD, the topic remains insufficiently studied. The current study aimed to investigate differences in comorbid OCD between BD-I and BD-II. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the prevalence and predictors of comorbid BD-I/BD-II and OCD...

BACKGROUND: Different studies have suggested that antipsychotic medications of the first generation have better effectiveness for the treatment of psychotic symptoms compared with antipsychotic medications of the second generation. OBJECTIVES: The current study was the first pilot study in Iran that compared Haloperidol with Risperidone in the treatment of positive symptoms of psychosis among a group of methamphetamine-dependent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was designed and conducted in 2012...

BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between cognitive distortions and attribution styles among divorce applicant couples and its impact on sexual satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional study and its statistical samples were 55 divorce applicant couples (110 individuals) referred to Urmia courts, Urmia, Iran, from 2012 to 2013. The required data were gathered by interpersonal cognitive distortions, Larson sexual satisfaction and attribution style questionnaire...

CONTEXT: There is no review of HIV responses in Arab states on the southern Persian Gulf border. This narrative review aimed to describe and synthesize HIV responses in Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A review of scientific databases and grey literature was conducted based on an international guide. Overall, 16 original studies and reports were found. RESULTS: The review indicates that HIV has been found present in each Arab state based on sporadic case finding...

BACKGROUND: Inadequate sleep hygiene may result in difficulties in daily functioning; therefore, reliable scales for measuring sleep hygiene are important. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2014 to May 2015, 1280 subjects, who were selected by cluster random sampling in Kermanshah province, filled out the SHI, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and insomnia severity index (ISI)...

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence supports the role of neuroticism, experiential avoidance and emotion regulation in anxiety and depression; however, the mechanism of these relationships is not known well. OBJECTIVES: The present study mainly aimed to assess the mediating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between neuroticism and experiential avoidance and anxiety and depression symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By convenient sampling, 316 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences and University of Tehran were selected and measures of experiential avoidance, neuroticism, emotion regulation, worry, anxiety and depression were administered among them, 2014-2015...

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BACKGROUND: Increased prevalence of depression among patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been described previously. However, the impact of depression among Iranian patients has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVES: Here, the prevalence of depression was assessed and the effect of disease-related characteristics including pain, weakness and rheumatoid factor (RF) status on incidence of depression was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with RA, who were referred to rheumatology clinics of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and healthy subjects from the general population of Kermanshah participated in this investigation...

BACKGROUND: Injuries caused by sharp objects, which involve biological hazards are considered as one of the most important factors that lead to stress among the nursing staff. Contact with sharp objects is a major concern among healthcare workers, especially nurses. OBJECTIVES: This study was done to determine the amount of stress caused by exposure to sharp medical instruments among nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional research on 527 nurses, working at different medical centers across Iran, with a cluster-sampling method...

BACKGROUND: Prazosin is significantly effective to reduce sleep disturbance and trauma nightmare in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, results of different studies were evaluated. OBJECTIVES: The current randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the effects of prazosin on sleep parameters and nightmares among veterans with chronic PTSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two veterans with chronic war-induced PTSD and distressing nightmares were randomized into prazosin and placebo groups for eight weeks...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases with important medical effects, as well as mental and social health problems. Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments of morbid obesity. OBJECTIVES: Because of the possible psychological changes, and its effects on weight loss after surgery, the current study aimed to compare marital satisfaction and self-confidence in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in 2013...

OBJECTIVES: To assess and compare demographic and diagnostic characteristics of inpatients with mood disorders in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of patients, who were hospitalized during five years from April 2006 to March 2010, in Iran hospital of psychiatry, a residency training center to evaluate the general clinical picture of the disorder. RESULTS: Overall, 95.3% of subjects had a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder (BID), 2...

BACKGROUND: Stigma of mental disorders causes a reduction in seeking help from the health care professionals and is evident across the world. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to compare medical students' attitude towards mental illness after two different psychiatry clerkships in terms of the level of clinical exposure to patients with mental illness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through a quasi-experimental study, all of the 4th -year medical students were invited to enroll this study conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)...

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to recognize bullying behavior in the students in Iran and analyze the perception of school teachers and parents in this regard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several semi-structured interviews and observations were conducted with four teachers and eight parents of children involved in bully/victim problems and the analysis was interpreted through established comparative evaluation methods. RESULTS: Iranian teachers and the parents perceived bullying mainly as physical and verbal attacks with little understanding of the psychological factors...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to test a structural model of hypothesized relationships between spiritual well-being, intervening variables of personal worth of self and others, commitment to relationship stability, commitment to relationship growth, positive interaction/appreciation, communication/conflict resolution, time spent together, and, the dependent variable, dyadic adjustment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and sixty eight (171 females and 97 males) married parent subjects were selected by convenience sampling from three universities in Mazandaran, Iran, to take part in this study...

BACKGROUND: Boswellia serrata and Melissa officinalis is traditionally used for its memory enhancing effects. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of combined form of these extracts on memory improvement of scopolamine treated rats by the Morris water maze method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups (group 1 and 2) of animals were pretreated with combined extracts of B. serrata and M. officinalis (200, 400 mg/Kg body weight) for four weeks and then, 30 minutes before starting the experiment scopolamine was injected (0...

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis, often called bedwetting or sleep wetting, is a common problem in children after the age of five and may lead to symptoms such as infection, incontinence and frequent urination. This problem refers to a state in which children after the age of five have no control of their urine for six continuous months and it cannot be attributed to any organic factors or drug use. OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to study generalized anxiety disorder as one of the possible causes of primary nocturnal enuresis...

BACKGROUND: Studies on the association between psychosocial factors and obesity have provided mixed findings. OBJECTIVES: Current study used a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults to investigate how intersection of race, gender and age alters the psychosocial correlates of body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data came from the national health measurement study (NHMS), a cross-sectional study with nationally representative sample of Black and White (n = 3,648) adults ages 35 - 89...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of group psychotherapy with transactional analysis (TA) approach on emotional intelligence (EI), executive functions and substance dependency among drug-addicts at rehabilitation centers in Mashhad city, Iran, in 2013. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, case- control stages, 30 patients were selected from a rehabilitation center and randomly divided into two groups...