Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny

INTRODUCTION: Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum (COAD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers of the gastrointestinal system. Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a known lipid kinase producing lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from monoacylglycerol. It is widely expressed in the heart, brain, kidney, and muscle. Moreover, AGK is a significant cancer-related gene and is upregulated in many human malignancies, e.g. prostate cancer, breast cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal carcinoma...

INTRODUCTION: Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens were approved in 2013 with a response rate exceeding 95% and minimal side effects. The response rate of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir exceeds 95% with minimal side effects. AIM: To identify the effects of this regimen in the eradication of viruses from the patients.Material and methods: A prospective observational, open-label study took place between July 2018 and September 2020. The study included 37 patients, about two-thirds of them were male 23 (62...

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer, with histopathologic examination of biopsied tissue samples remaining the gold standard for diagnosis. During the past years, artificial intelligence (AI) has steadily found its way into the field of medicine and pathology, especially with the introduction of whole slide imaging (WSI). The main outcome of interest was the composite balanced accuracy (ACC) as well as the F1 score. The average reported ACC from the collected studies was 95.8 ±3...

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal motility, secretion, sensation, immunity, and mucosal integrity. Dysregulation of BDNF signalling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various GI disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and diabetic gastroenteropathy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BDNF localization, synthesis, receptors, and signalling mechanisms in the gut...

INTRODUCTION: It is assumed that up to 50% of patients with functional bowel disorders with diarrhoea may suffer from bile acid (BA) malabsorption, which is considered as an underrecognized cause of chronic diarrhoea.Aim: To evaluate the indicators of BA metabolism in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population included 28 healthy adults (control group), 108 patients with IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) and 37 with constipation (IBS-C), aged 18-44 years...

Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked metabolic error caused by various mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene, which results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids. Gastrointestinal symptoms are quite common in affected patients; therefore, it is important for gastroenterologists to keep it in mind as a differential diagnosis for especially challenging patients. The following review provides concise information on epidemiology and genetics, signs, and symptoms of the disease, focusing on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, providing a brief overview of the diagnostic process and the available treatment, both disease specific and supportive, again with a focus on alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms...

INTRODUCTION: Evidence regarding the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and cholelithiasis is still inconsistent. AIM: To examine the association between diabetes and gallstones and the commonly associated factors in a nationwide population-based cohort investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The demographic and outcome variable data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database for the years 2017-2018...

INTRODUCTION: There are many studies on the influence of psychological factors in the appearance of symptoms and their treatment among gastroenterological patients. It is increasingly indicated that these factors are of great importance also for the quality of life of people struggling with a chronic disease. AIM: To evaluate personality traits and emotional disorders in female patients with gastrointestinal conditions such as functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)...

Colon cancer is a major public health issue, affecting a growing number of individuals worldwide. Proper and early diagnosis of colon cancer is the necessary first step toward effective treatment and/or prevention of future disease relapse. Artificial intelligence and its subtypes, deep learning in particular, tend nowadays to have an expanding role in all fields of medicine, and diagnosing colon cancer is no exception. This report aims to summarize the entire application spectrum of deep learning in all diagnostic tests regarding colon cancer, from endoscopy and histologic examination to medical imaging and screening serologic tests...

Burnout is common among physicians; it severely alters their health and has a negative impact on functioning of healthcare systems. Hypertension, increased cortisol levels, maladaptive behaviors with negative social consequences, and suboptimal quality of care have been associated with healthcare providers' burnout. As the number of patients with cancers, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders will rise, we need new solutions to maintain physicians' health and, therefore, quality of care. Coping strategies before the COVID-19 pandemic seem ineffective in scaling all the deficits of the global healthcare systems...

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal-specific anxiety (GSA) is considered as an important factor in the course of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). GSA may be evaluated by the visceral sensitivity index (VSI). AIM: To translate original English version of the VSI into Ukrainian language (VSI-UA) and then to test its validity and reliability in patients with IBS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 108 patients of both sexes, aged 18-44 years, with IBS were assessed by the VSI-UA, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: depression (HADS-Dep) and anxiety (HADS-Anx)...

INTRODUCTION: Around 200,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer are diagnosed yearly worldwide. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths. Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to unspecific symptoms being responsible for late diagnosis. AIM: In this study, the authors analysed selected nutritional parameters and the severity of anaemia in patients diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected upon admission to the 2nd Clinical Department of General, Gastrointestinal, and Oncological Surgery in the University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Poland and retrospectively with the help of correctly collected anamnesis...

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with major complications such as necrosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) often leads to high mortality rates despite intensive treatment. AIM: To evaluate the effect of symbiotics (probiotics) on septic complications in patients with SAP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for relevant clinical trials and excluded observational studies...

INTRODUCTION: As one of the most common malignant tumours, liver cancer is difficult to detect in the early stage, with strong metastasis and poor prognosis. Anti-silencing function protein 1 was originally discovered in yeast as a histone H3-H4 chaperone, and studies have shown that ASF1B may be a target for inhibiting the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ASF1B expression in human LIHC on the basis of TCGA data...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)) are chronic, immune-mediated diseases with unclear aetiology, characterized by relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. These conditions significantly impair patients' physical and mental condition and quality of life. AIM: To investigate the impact of the current pandemic situation on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients' psychological status and to determine factors that mediate the level of depression, anxiety, and health-related quality of life...

Helicobacter pylori remains a major health problem worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality due to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. These guidelines constitute an update of the previous "Recommendations on the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter pylori infection" issued in 2014. They have been developed by a Task Force organized by the Governing Board of the Polish Society of Gastroenterology. They discuss, with particular emphasis on new scientific data covering papers published since 2014: the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic principles and criteria for the diagnosis, and recommendations for the treatment of H...

INTRODUCTION: Cirrhosis is a common liver disease, which is characterized by life-limiting complications. In cirrhosis, liver ACE2 mRNA levels were 34-times upregulated, ACE2 protein 97-times upregulated, and ACE2 receptors increased in 80% of hepatocytes. Increased ACE2 receptor sensitizes hepatocytes to COVID-19. AIM: To evaluate the applications of cirrhosis patients to the Emergency Department before and after the pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively in a single centre on cirrhotic patients who applied to the Emergency Department in a 2-year period...

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