World Journal of Clinical Cases

BACKGROUND: This case report contributes to the medical literature by highlighting the successful management of a neglected femoral neck fracture in a patient with renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) who was on dialysis due to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It underscores the efficacy of parathyroidectomy (PTX) in restoring bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting fracture healing, addressing a significant complication in ESRD patients. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old female with renal osteodystrophy and on dialysis due to ESRD presented with a history of left patellar tendon rupture and later, a right achilles tendon avulsion fracture...

We point out the issue of differential diagnosis regarding the finding of ectopically localised thymic tissue (a thymic cyst) in the neck. Thymic tissue can be found anywhere along its developmental tract of descent, from the angle of the mandible to the upper mediastinum. Disruption of the thymic descent can result in ectopically/abnormally localised islets of accessory thymic tissue, which may undergo cystic changes, as described in a case report by Sun et al . This anatomical variation of the thymus may be clinically misinterpreted as a neoplasm or other congenital anomalies as a branchial cyst, lymphatic malformation or cystic hygroma...

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (SNTCS) is a rare and highly invasive neoplasm originating from the nasal cavity and sinuses. Typically, it exhibits an invasive behavior towards adjacent structures; however, in exceptional instances, it may infiltrate the intracranial compartment. Due to the tumor's rarity and lack of distinctive features on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, SNTCS is often misdiagnosed. CASE SUMMARY: In this study, we present a case of SNTCS in a 56-year-old patient who exhibited unexplained cognitive impairment before admission...

BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiologic investigations have consistently demonstrated a strong association between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the occurrence of peptic ulcers (PU). However, the precise causal relationship between these factors remains ambiguous. Consequently, this study aims to elucidate the potential correlation between the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium VLDL and the incidence of peptic ulcer. AIM: To investigate the ratio of cholesterol to total lipids in medium very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) association with PU via genetic methods, guiding future clinical research...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is increasing in incidence worldwide, and targeted therapies are developing at a rapid pace. Furthermore, the KRAS specific gene is strongly associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who have tested positive for the KRAS G12C mutation and have progressed after at least one systemic treatment are treated with sotorasib. CASE SUMMARY: In this study, we report on an advanced NSCLC with a KRAS G12C mutation...

BACKGROUND: Dry eye is a common eye disease. Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes. However, multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with artificial tears, which may affect the therapeutic effect. AIM: To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in patients with dry eye and the therapeutic effect of artificial tears combined with cyclosporine A...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, which is characterized by acute systemic inflammation and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, presents a significant challenge in health care. Some scholars have found that the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and quick SOFA scores are not ideal for predicting severe sepsis and mortality. Microbial culture takes a long time (2-3 d) and provides no information for early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, new diagnostic methods for sepsis need to be explored...

BACKGROUND: Poor sleep quality is common among hemodialysis patients and can significantly impact their well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured nursing intervention program in improving sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly hemodialysis patients. AIM: To evaluate the impact of nursing intervention on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, in 2023...

Zhao's study, offers a comprehensive analysis of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) revision indications. The study provides a detailed, case-by-case analysis of the factors leading to knee revision surgery in 13 patients. Not only elucidates the complexities of UKA revisions but also underscores the importance of continuous improvement in surgical techniques and the adoption of innovative technologies.

BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a remarkably uncommon mesenchymal tumor. STAT6 level and a combination of clinical, pathological, and molecular features are required to arrive at a proper diagnosis. CASE SUMMARY: In this report, we present an intriguing case involving a 43-year-old woman who initially exhibited symptoms of a bleeding retroperitoneal tumor, initially resembling a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, but later confirmed as an SFT. However, a year later, what was initially believed to be a recurrence of her SFT was instead identified as a desmoid tumor...

BACKGROUND: During the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a notable increase in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) cases was observed. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between AMN and COVID-19 by examining 3 cases in China. CASE SUMMARY: The first case involved a 30-year-old man who presented with progressive vision loss following a COVID-19 infection. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near-infrared imaging identified hallmark AMN lesions, hyperreflective disruptions within the outer plexiform layer, and hyporeflective anomalies in the ellipsoid zone, leading to an AMN diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas, patient prognosis remains dismal. Therefore, it is imperative to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of glioma to effectively improve treatment outcomes. AIM: To investigate the association between oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) expression and the outcomes of glioma patients. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies (published up to October 2023) that investigated the relationship between Olig2 expression and prognosis of glioma patients...

BACKGROUND: Bariatric and metabolic surgery have been routinely performed following the rapid increase in obesity and metabolic diseases worldwide. Of all evolving procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the gold standard for surgical treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. RYGB was introduced in China nearly 20 years ago, but the number of RYGB surgeries only accounts for 3.1% of the total number of weight loss and metabolic surgeries in China, it's effect on Chinese people still needs further study...

BACKGROUND: Hemolymphangioma is a rare, noninvasive benign tumor that originates from vascular and lymphatic malformations. It is usually congenital and can present with varying symptoms depending on its location and size. There are very few reports of hemolymphangiomas within the spinal canal, and giant lesions are exceptionally rare. CASE SUMMARY: In July 2023, a 64-year-old male with a giant intravertebral epidural hemolymphangioma from thoracic 11 to lumbar 2 (T11-L2) was admitted to the Department of Spine Surgery at the People's Hospital of Binzhou City, China...

BACKGROUND: Due to frequent and high-risk sports activities, the elbow joint is susceptible to injury, especially to cartilage tissue, which can cause pain, limited movement and even loss of joint function. AIM: To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multisequence imaging for improving the diagnostic accuracy of adult elbow cartilage injury. METHODS: A total of 60 patients diagnosed with elbow cartilage injury in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study...

BACKGROUND: Patients with knee arthroplasty often have problems such as slow recovery of knee function, which may cause negative emotions and affect their postoperative rehabilitation. The application of sensory and motor training in the Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Evaluation, Thank You (AIDET) communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty can provide reference for the selection of postoperative rehabilitation training measures. AIM: To explore the sensory and motor training effects in AIDET communication mode on knee function recovery and resilience of patients after knee arthroplasty...

BACKGROUND: Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute infectious disease that is primarily transmitted through the bites of chiggers or larval mites infected by Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) . Omadacycline, a novel tetracycline, exhibits potent antibacterial efficacy against both typical bacteria and atypical pathogens. However, omadacycline application in the treatment of scrub typhus remains limited. CASE SUMMARY: In the present work, we report several cases of scrub typhus, with the main clinical symptoms being fever, the formation of eschars or ulcers, local or systemic lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia and rash...

BACKGROUND: As the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases, its impact on cesarean sections has attracted widespread attention. Omni-directional, insulated care and detailed care are of great significance in this patient population, as they can effectively improve the quality of care in the operating room. AIM: To explore the effect of the integrated use of comprehensive thermal insulation. METHODS: Women with GDM who underwent cesarean sections at our hospital between April 2023 and February 2024 were included in this retrospective study...

This editorial comments on the study by Liu et al investigating pancreatic metastasis of clear cell sarcoma (CCS) published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases . CCS is a rare and aggressive melanocytic tumor, that typically arises from tendons and aponeuroses of the limbs, and metastasizes to the lungs, bones, and brain. However, pancreatic metastasis has rarely been reported, presenting unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Elucidating the clinical characteristics, imaging features, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of patients with pancreatic CCS metastasis is crucial...

Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a type of malignant tumor that can arise from tendons and aponeuroses. This malignant proliferation of cells with melanocytic lineage normally occurs in young patients, and it is normally identified in extremities. However, different sites including gastrointestinal organs are also described. Due difficulties in the molecular and histopathology evaluation, the diagnosis is often confused with malignant melanoma. Most cases are treated with surgical resection, but overall, the prognosis is poor...