Mohammad Sedghi, Camilla Vael, Wei-Hsu Hu, Michael Bauer, Daniele Padula, Alessandro Landi, Mirko Lukovic, Matthias Diethelm, Gert-Jan Wetzelaer, Paul W M Blom, Frank Nüesch, Roland Hany
Already in 2012, Blom et al. reported (Nature Materials 2012, 11 , 882) in semiconducting polymers on a general electron-trap density of ≈3 × 1017 cm-3 , centered at an energy of ≈3.6 eV below vacuum. It was suggested that traps have an extrinsic origin, with the water-oxygen complex [2(H2 O)-O2 ] as a possible candidate, based on its electron affinity. However, further evidence is lacking and the origin of universal electron traps remained elusive. Here, in polymer diodes, the temperature-dependence of reversible electron traps is investigated that develop under bias stress slowly over minutes to a density of 2 × 1017 cm-3 , centered at an energy of 3...
2024: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials