Chinese Clinical Oncology

For decades, pharmacotherapy has been hampered by significant patient variability, and the inability to predict outcomes at the individual patient level has negatively affected its value. However, progress in molecular medicine has led to an increased understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of action of drugs, thereby enabling the development of predictive biomarkers. Companion diagnostics (CDx) belongs to the group of predictive biomarkers, which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines as an in vitro diagnostic device that provides information that is essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic product...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tumor treating fields (TTFields) therapy have emerged as a potentially effective treatment for various malignancies by delivering low-intensity, intermediate-frequency electrical fields that disrupt many processes inside cells, resulting in the interruption of cell division in cancer cells. Additionally, TTFields therapy has been found to be synergistic with existing therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an introduction and background to the primary mechanisms of TTFields and discuss the emerging preclinical and clinical outcomes of this novel cancer treatment technology...

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BACKGROUND: Some evidence has revealed that marital status is an important predictor of breast cancer (BC) prognosis. However, what role marital quality plays in the effect of marital status on BC prognosis remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of women aged 20-50 years with stage I-III BC treated in accordance with a standard treatment protocol. The following three categories of marital quality were assessed: marital satisfaction, sexual relationship, and couple communication...

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BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab (PEM) and tislelizumab (TIS), in combination with chemotherapy, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, no head-to-head clinical trial has yet compared these two treatments. METHODS: We conducted a literature search of randomized trials, in which TIS plus chemotherapy or PEM plus chemotherapy were studied for the first-line treatment of NSCLC. Randomized design and the endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) were the inclusion criteria for our analysis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The application of immunotherapy in cancers, including liver cancer, has been increasing. However, non-proportional hazard (NPH) is often observed in cancer immunotherapy trials. In presence of violation of proportional hazard (PH) assumption, restricted mean survival time (RMST) ratio was proposed as an alternative to hazard ratio (HR) for evaluating the treatment effects of such trials. To shorten the total study duration, an intermediate endpoint with shorter follow-up such as progressionfree survival (PFS) is used as the primary endpoint...

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High doses of radiation to the hippocampus have been correlated with increased cognitive decline following radiation therapy for brain metastases. To mitigate these effects, a variety of hippocampal sparing techniques have been implemented for both whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The goal of this review article is to provide a practical resource for the clinical implementation of hippocampal-sparing radiation therapy, starting with a brief background on the function and delineation of the hippocampal structure, as well as radiation effects on the hippocampus and the most widely recommended dose constraints...

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a retinal cancer most commonly occurred in young children. Cisplatin and etoposide had been confirmed as chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of RB, even though the phenomenon of chemotherapeutic resistance has been occurring in clinical treatment frequently. RB has been reported to be a tumor with reduced expression of yes-associated protein (YAP). However, the role of YAP protein and its correlation with the chemotherapy effect in RB still remains unknown...

HER2 amplification and/or activating variations of its protein, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are associated with distinct clinical and pathological features in gastrointestinal tumors, including a worse overall prognosis and a higher incidence of metastastic lesions in the central nervous system. Notably, the role of HER2 as a therapeutic target continues to expand beyond the scope of breast and gastroesophageal tumors, now encompassing colorectal and biliary tract cancers (BTCs), among others...

BACKGROUND: The abscopal effect, in which radiation induces a systemic anti-tumour immune response, has been demonstrated with radiotherapy. Immunotherapy boosts the abscopal effect by facilitating the immune response to radiation. Radiotherapy and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade has resulted in the boosted abscopal effect in solid cancers, but its role in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is unknown. In this mini-review, we describe the abscopal effect and summarise its proposed underlying mechanisms...

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Despite considerable international heterogeneity in the incidence and histological subtypes of gastric cancer (GC), in addition to more recent epidemiological trends, chemotherapy has long represented the main systemic therapeutic option in its treatment. For the roughly 20% of GC with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, there is a more recently established role for the addition of HER2+ based therapy in the form of trastuzumab. However, while immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the treatment of other malignancies including melanoma and renal cell carcinoma over the past decade, they have only gained a foothold in GC in more recent years...