Chinese Clinical Oncology

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Mutations in the BRCA1/2 (BRCA) genes are associated with response to poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). In addition, there are different homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) biomarkers available in clinical practice [e.g., genome-wide loss-of-heterozygosity (gLOH) and myChoice® score] that identify patients who can benefit from PARPi. Inconsistencies in biomarkers used in PARPi clinical trials make it challenging to identify clinically relevant predictive biomarkers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Treatment options include surgical resection, liver transplantation, imageguided percutaneous locoregional options, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and systemic therapies. Treatment choice depends on the stage of the disease and patient's characteristics including performance status and liver function. Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, with its recent 2022 update, is one of the most widely endorsed staging system...

A vital constituent of innate immunity, neutrophils had previously been considered functionally rigid with a fixed, defined role in host pathogen response, in part due to their fleeting lifespan. However, that consensus opinion has changed with evidence of functional neutrophil plasticity in a range of diseases including cancer. Typically difficult to sequence due to their low level of transcriptomic activity, advances in single cell RNA sequencing has allowed for closer examination of the neutrophil transcriptome in humans and mouse models and their interaction with other immune system constituents, both in health and disease, allowing for description of neutrophil phenotypes beyond previous descriptions reliant upon microscopic appearance, surface marker expression, and function...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive primary hepatic malignancy, which has increased in incidence over the past decades. While surgical resection is the standard of care for patients with early-staged disease, many patients present with locally advanced and unresectable tumors. Given the importance of locoregional control and the potential for downstaging to resectability, knowledge of advances in the management of locally advanced ICC is critical for optimizing outcomes...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second commonest primary liver malignancy. Nowadays, the only available treatment with curative intent of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is surgical resection, with a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 25-40%. However, recurrence rate remains high. In this comprehensive review, we describe the newest surgical strategies for iCCA management, including vascular resection, the role of mini-invasive surgery, liver transplant, strategies for future liver remnant augmentation, and the role of neoadjuvant therapies...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, are a relatively rare group of cancers with a poor prognosis. Over the past decade, the utilization of next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of multiple actionable somatic aberrations in BTCs. Subsequently, new therapies have been created to target these molecular alterations and have been incorporated into clinical practice. In this review, we outline therapies that have been previously studied, and those that are under investigation, to target genomic alterations with the goal of improving survival in patients with advanced disease...

Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has been increasingly utilized for peritoneal surface malignancies. This has been commonly utilized for a variety of neoplasms, but, especially mucinous neoplasms of the appendix, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and mesothelioma. Traditionally, CRS/HIPEC has been performed as an open, extensive operation associated with prolonged hospitalization. However, when the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) is small (<10), minimally invasive approaches can be considered...

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In recent years, treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells has revolutionized the outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies with long-term remissions in >30% of patients. Similarly, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy changed the therapeutic landscape for several solid malignancies also leading to impressive long-term remission in patients. However, so far CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors has shown low response rates and especially a lack of long-term remissions...

BACKGROUND: Rates of mastectomy for patients with localized breast cancer remain high despite decades of evidence that breast conservation therapy is equally effective. The impact of progesterone receptor (PR) status on the relative efficacy of surgical extent for localized estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer on breast cancer mortality has not been studied. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 1998 and 2015 using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the cancers with the worst prognosis. The current treatment paradigm based on combination chemotherapy has improved survival over the last decade, but the disease is still fatal in most cases. New therapies exploiting the increasing understanding of the molecular pathology of the disease are needed. Although the disease presents with few recurrent molecular alterations, these represent opportunities for targeted treatments to be developed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) underwent significant restructuring to incorporate additional molecular diagnostics, several newly recognized tumor types, and new grading schemes for existing tumor types. The 2021 CNS WHO classification further elaborates and integrates histopathologic and molecular diagnostic criteria to improve diagnostic classification. Furthermore, it is the hope that identification of molecular alterations in pediatric and adult tumors facilitates improved prognostic information and development of novel targeted therapies for adults and children with CNS tumors...

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) at upfront surgery is the gold-standard surgical method for axillary lymph node staging in early stage breast cancer: the technique provides adequate information regarding axillary status, with similar oncological safety and lower morbidity compared to axillary dissection, despite the false negative rates. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), traditionally used for locally advanced breast cancer, plays an important role in the treatment of early stage breast cancer, making downstaging possible in axillary lymph node and breast cancer, thus minimizing the impact of surgery and reducing morbidity, as well as enabling patients with residual disease to be selected for adjuvant treatment...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a rare hepatic malignancy with poor prognosis, which has seen an increased incidence over the last decade. Most patients present with advanced disease that is not amenable to surgical resection, and those who are able to undergo resection, frequently develop recurrent disease. With the rise of precision medicine, several targetable mutations have been described for iCCA and are currently under investigations. The development of improved targeted therapies is critical to prolonged overall survival (OS), and the use of targeted agents for iCCA is currently the focus of several ongoing randomized controlled trials...