Chinese Clinical Oncology

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with very poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence and short overall survival (OS) time, which according to different sources, is not longer than 17 months after the diagnosis. Infiltrative growth pattern often leads to tumor propagation into functionally significant brain areas while surgery is cytoreductive and does not necessarily alter the prognosis. Many patients are in the working age, thus finding conservative approaches to the treatment of this type of neoplasms is of utmost importance...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast (PBA) is an extremely rare and heterogeneous disease. PBA is difficult to diagnose and has a poor prognosis. In order to better understand the disease and provide evidence-based treatment for PBA patients, a review of the published literature in the English language was conducted. METHODS: A literature review in agreement with the PRISMA protocol was conducted. Medline and Cochrane databases were searched for English articles on PBA patients in September 2023 with a predetermined strategy...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The identification of mutation hot spots in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes is one of the most important cancer genome-wide sequencing discoveries with relevant impact in the treatment of some orphan tumors. These genes were mostly found mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and in cholangiocarcinoma. This aberrant genomic condition represents a therapeutic target of great interest in cancer research, especially in AML, given the limitations of currently approved therapies in this field...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Extramammary metastases are uncommon and usually related to a poor prognosis, but the radiologist can suspect the diagnosis based on the patient's clinical history and specific imaging findings. Several imaging procedures may be used to evaluate breast metastases from different extramammary malignancies, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT). The clinical and imaging presentation of these metastases is contingent upon how the illness spreads, however, they have the potential to resemble either benign or malignant breast tumors...

BACKGROUND: We are primarily investigating the prognostic role of cell-cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN)-2A homozygous deletion in central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 4 gliomas. Additionally, traditional prognostic factors for grade 4 gliomas will be examined, and our results will be validated. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of glioma cohorts in our institute. Medical records were reviewed for 142 glioblastoma patients for 15 years, and pathological slides were examined again for the updated diagnosis according to the 2021 WHO classification of CNS tumors...

BACKGROUND: Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenge in clinical treatment and the mechanism is largely unknown. Emerging evidence shows that epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and non-coding RNA were involved in diverse biological processes, including therapeutic resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms by which DNA methylation-mediated non-coding RNA regulates TMZ resistance remain poorly characterized. METHODS: RNA microarray and DNA methylation chips of TMZ-resistant and parental GBM cells were performed for the gain of unreported long non-coding RNA HSD52...

BACKGROUND: Brain cancer patients, especially those suffering from high-grade gliomas (HGGs) face a bleak future with very dismal long-term disease-free survival outcomes due to the limited treatment options currently available. Therefore, there is an unmet need for new therapeutic intervention that extends patients' progress-free survival and improves their quality of life. A significant hurdle is the inability of current chemotherapy agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB acts as a protective shield that filters the blood to ensure nothing harmful makes it to the brain...

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumors in infant but with incidence rate only 1.38 per 100,000. Due to distinctive clinical, histologic, and molecular features, the current World Health Organization (WHO) CNS5 separate gliomas in children from adult as pediatric-type diffuse high-grade and low-grade gliomas. Infant hemispheric gliomas constitute a biologically and clinically distinct subgroup of pediatric-type diffuse high-grade. In this case we present clinical, radiographic, intraoperative, and methylation profiling of the first infant-type hemispheric glioma diagnosed in Indonesia...

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the second most common type of brain tumor, representing 24% of all brain tumor cases. The role of body mass index (BMI) on glioma remains unclear, with conflicting findings regarding the association between higher BMI and the risk of developing certain brain tumors. Glioblastoma, an aggressive and malignant form of glioma with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis, has been linked to BMI in some studies, suggesting that individuals with higher BMIs may have an elevated risk of glioblastoma development...

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system (CNS) tumours, especially glioma, are a complex disease and many challenges are encountered in their treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made a colossal impact in many walks of life at a low cost. However, this avenue still needs to be explored in healthcare settings, demanding investment of resources towards growth in this area. We aim to develop machine learning (ML) algorithms to facilitate the accurate diagnosis and precise mapping of the brain tumour...

BACKGROUND: Sparsely granulated (SG) growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (GH-PitNETs) often present with a more aggressive clinical course compared to densely granulated (DG) tumors. These subtypes exhibit distinct biological and imaging characteristics. Thus, this study aims to differentiate between the histopathological subtypes of GH-PitNETs using pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 83 acromegalic patients treated at our institution between 2000 and 2010...

BACKGROUND: Traditional preclinical experiments on brainstem gliomas mainly rely on patient-derived primary cell lines, but there are problems such as low success rate in establishment and inability to preserve tumor heterogeneity, which limit the clinical transformation. As a new type of in vitro tumor model, organoids have similar structure and function to the original tumor, requiring less tissue for cultivation, with short cycle and high success rate, which is particularly suitable for brainstem glioma biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Spheno-orbital meningiomas are rare, slow-growing tumors originating from the sphenoid ridge, causing proptosis and visual impairment. Surgical intervention can be complex due to the tumor's proximity to critical structures. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 67-year-old woman presented with a gradually enlarging protrusion of her left eye over three years. Referred to the neurosurgery clinic at Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, she underwent a craniectomy with concomitant cranioplasty to remove the tumor...