journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24195006/receptors-and-lethal-effect-of-bacillus-thuringiensis-insecticidal-crystal-proteins-to-the-anticarsia-gemmatalis-lepidoptera-noctuidae
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lidia Mariana Fiuza, Neiva Knaak, Rogério Fernando Pires da Silva, João Antônio Pêgas Henriques
Bioassays with insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) from Bacillus thuringiensis have demonstrated that Cry1Aa, Cry1Ac, and Cry1Ba are the most active toxins on larvae of the Anticarsia gemmatalis. The toxins Cry1Da and Cry1Ea are less toxic, and toxins Cry2Aa are not active. Binding of these ICPs to midgut sections of the A. gemmatalis larvae was studied using streptavidin-mediated detection. The observed staining patterns showed that Cry1Aa and Cry1Ac bound to the brush border throughout the whole length of the midgut...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24195005/growth-limiting-ph-water-activity-and-temperature-for-neurotoxigenic-strains-of-clostridium-butyricum
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamid B Ghoddusi, Richard E Sherburn, Olusimbo O Aboaba
Some rare strains of Clostridium butyricum carry the gene encoding the botulinal type E neurotoxin and must be considered as possible hazards in certain types of food. The limiting growth conditions for C. butyricum were determined in peptone yeast glucose starch (PYGS) broth incubated anaerobically at 30°C for up to 42 days. The minimum pH values permitting growth depended on the acidulant and strain. Organic acids were more effective at inhibiting growth than HCl as expected. The lowest pH values at which growth of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of C...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24191231/viable-but-nonculturable-bacteria-food-safety-and-public-health-perspective
#23
REVIEW
Md Fakruddin, Khanjada Shahnewaj Bin Mannan, Stewart Andrews
The viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state is a unique survival strategy of many bacteria in the environment in response to adverse environmental conditions. VBNC bacteria cannot be cultured on routine microbiological media, but they remain viable and retain virulence. The VBNC bacteria can be resuscitated when provided with appropriate conditions. A good number of bacteria including many human pathogens have been reported to enter the VBNC state. Though there have been disputes on the existence of VBNC in the past, extensive molecular studies have resolved most of them, and VBNC has been accepted as a distinct survival state...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24191230/16s-rrna-pcr-denaturing-gradient-gel-electrophoresis-of-oral-lactobacillus-casei-group-and-their-phenotypic-appearances
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Piwat, R Teanpaisan
This study aimed to develop a 16S rRNA PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to identify the species level of Lactobacillus casei group and to investigate their characteristics of acid production and inhibitory effect. PCR-DGGE has been developed based on the 16S rRNA gene, and a set of HDA-1-GC and HDA-2, designed at V2-V3 region, and another set of CARP-1-GC and CARP-2, designed at V1 region, have been used. The bacterial strains included L. casei ATCC 393, L. paracasei CCUG 32212, L. rhamnosus ATCC 7469, L...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24187645/the-effect-of-gold-and-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-on-biofilm-forming-pathogens
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madhu Bala Sathyanarayanan, Reneta Balachandranath, Yuvasri Genji Srinivasulu, Sathish Kumar Kannaiyan, Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
Microbial biofilms on biomaterial implants or devices are hard to eliminate by antibiotics due to their protection by exopolymeric substances that embed the organisms in a matrix, impenetrable for most antibiotics and immune-cells. Application of metals in their nanoparticulated form is currently considered to resolve bacterial infections. Gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles are widely used in different medical applications, but their utilisation to eradicate biofilms on biomaterials implants is novel. Here, we studied the effect of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24171136/admission-screening-of-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-with-rapid-molecular-detection-in-intensive-care-unit-a-three-year-single-centre-experience-in-hong-kong
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eddie Chi Man Leung, May Kin Ping Lee, Raymond Wai Man Lai
Background. The admission screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by rapid molecular assay is considered to be an effective method in reducing the transmission of MRSA in intensive care unit (ICU). Method. The admission screening on patients from ICU once on their admissions by BD GeneOhm MRSA assay has been introduced to Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, since 2008. The assay was performed on weekdays and reported on the day of testing. Patients pending for results were under standard precautions until the negative screening results were notified, while contact precautions were implemented for MRSA-positive patients...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24078895/%C3%AE-lactamase-producing-multidrug-resistant-bacterial-pathogens-from-tracheal-aspirates-of-intensive-care-unit-patients-at-national-institute-of-neurological-and-allied-sciences-nepal
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Santosh Khanal, Dev Raj Joshi, Dwij Raj Bhatta, Upendra Devkota, Bharat Mani Pokhrel
The widespread use of tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation to support the critically ill patients increases the risk of development of tracheobronchitis and bronchopneumonia. This cross-sectional study was conducted with an aim to isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from tracheal aspirates producing extended-spectrum β -lactamase (ESBL), AmpC β -lactamase, and metallo- β -lactamase (MBL) from August 2011 to April 2012 at National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences (NINAS), Kathmandu, Nepal...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24073354/the-effect-of-curcumin-and-cotrimoxazole-in-salmonella-typhimurium-infection-in-vivo
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siwipeni Irmawanti Rahayu, Nurdiana Nurdiana, Sanarto Santoso
Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi and commonly treated by an antimicrobial agent such as cotrimoxazole. On the other hand, herbal usage has risen as an adjunctive therapy to treat many diseases. Curcuma (Curcuma domestica) is a commonly used herb which consists of curcumin as its major active compound. Curcumin has been known for its antimicrobial effect, but there is no proof regarding the usage of curcumin and cotrimoxazole together. This research was conducted by using typhoid fever model in mice infected by Salmonella Typhimurium...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23984181/role-of-flies-as-vectors-of-foodborne-pathogens-in-rural-areas
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cláudia Barreiro, Helena Albano, Joana Silva, Paula Teixeira
This study aims to evaluate flies as a vector for foodborne pathogens. For this purpose, several flies were collected from different sites from rural areas. These flies were then analyzed for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, and Listeria monocytogenes. Another aim of this study was to evaluate some virulence factors of the collected pathogens: susceptibility to some antibiotics and the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus. The results showed that flies in the presence of animals demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of the studied pathogens than those collected in the kitchens, and kitchens situated in the closest proximity to the animal husbandry had a higher count than the kitchens in private houses...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23984180/host-microbe-interactions-in-caenorhabditis-elegans
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Zhang, Aixin Hou
A good understanding of how microbes interact with hosts has a direct bearing on our capability of fighting infectious microbial pathogens and making good use of beneficial ones. Among the model organisms used to study reciprocal actions among microbes and hosts, C. elegans may be the most advantageous in the context of its unique attributes such as the short life cycle, easiness of laboratory maintenance, and the availability of different genetic mutants. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding host-microbe interactions in C...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23936728/degradation-of-dha-7-mc-lr-by-a-microcystin-degrading-bacterium-isolated-from-lake-rotoiti-new-zealand
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Theerasak Somdee, Michelle Thunders, John Ruck, Isabelle Lys, Margaret Allison, Rachel Page
For the first time a microcystin-degrading bacterium (NV-3 isolate) has been isolated and characterized from a NZ lake. Cyanobacterial blooms in New Zealand (NZ) waters contain microcystin (MC) hepatotoxins at concentrations which are a risk to animal and human health. Degradation of MCs by naturally occurring bacteria is an attractive bioremediation option for removing MCs from drinking and recreational water sources. The NV-3 isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis and found to have 100% nucleotide sequence homology with the Sphingomonas MC-degrading bacterial strain MD-1 from Japan...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23936727/biodegradation-of-polyethoxylated-nonylphenols
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yassellis Ruiz, Luis Medina, Margarita Borusiak, Nairalith Ramos, Gilberto Pinto, Oscar Valbuena
Polyethoxylated nonylphenols, with different ethoxylation degrees (NPEO x ), are incorporated into many commercial and industrial products such as detergents, domestic disinfectants, emulsifiers, cosmetics, and pesticides. However, the toxic effects exerted by their degradation products, which are persistent in natural environments, have been demonstrated in several animal and invertebrate aquatic species. Therefore, it seems appropriate to look for indigenous bacteria capable of degrading native NPEO x and its derivatives...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23844315/hiv-1-genetic-variability-and-clinical-implications
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Mercedes Santoro, Carlo Federico Perno
Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the classic non-B endemic areas, HIV-1 non-B subtype infections are sharply increasing in previous subtype B homogeneous areas such as Europe and North America. As already known, several studies have shown that, among non-B subtypes, subtypes C and D were found to be more aggressive in terms of disease progression. Luckily, the response to antiretrovirals against HIV-1 seems to be similar among different subtypes, but these results are mainly based on small or poorly designed studies...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23762763/isolation-identification-and-characterization-of-a-cellulolytic-bacillus-amyloliquefaciens-strain-ss35-from-rhinoceros-dung
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuchi Singh, Vijayanand S Moholkar, Arun Goyal
Cellulose hydrolyzing bacteria were isolated from rhinoceros dung and tested for clear zone formation around the colonies on the agar plates containing the medium amended with carboxymethylcellulose as a sole carbon source. Isolates were further screened on the basis of carboxymethylcellulase production in liquid medium. Out of 36 isolates, isolate no. 35 exhibited maximum enzyme activity of 0.079 U/mL and was selected for further identification by using conventional biochemical tests and phylogenetic analyses...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23724339/cell-envelope-of-corynebacteria-structure-and-influence-on-pathogenicity
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Burkovski
To date the genus Corynebacterium comprises 88 species. More than half of these are connected to human and animal infections, with the most prominent member of the pathogenic species being Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is also the type species of the genus. Corynebacterium species are characterized by a complex cell wall architecture: the plasma membrane of these bacteria is followed by a peptidoglycan layer, which itself is covalently linked to a polymer of arabinogalactan. Bound to this, an outer layer of mycolic acids is found which is functionally equivalent to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23724338/antibiotic-resistance-and-biofilm-production-in-staphylococcus-epidermidis-strains-isolated-from-a-tertiary-care-hospital-in-mexico-city
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberto Cabrera-Contreras, Rubén Morelos-Ramírez, Ada Nelly Galicia-Camacho, Enrique Meléndez-Herrada
Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections represent a serious problem worldwide. In various Mexican states several reports have shown isolates from hospitals with antibiotic resistance to methicillin. In Mexico City, there is scarce information on staphylococcal infections in hospitals. Here, our research findings are shown in a four-year period study (2006-2010) for Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Susceptibility and/or resistance to antibiotics in SE strains were assessed by phenotypic and molecular methods as mecA gene by PCR, as well as the correlation with biofilm production for these isolates and the relationship to the infection site...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23724337/unified-theory-of-bacterial-sialometabolism-how-and-why-bacteria-metabolize-host-sialic-acids
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric R Vimr
Sialic acids are structurally diverse nine-carbon ketosugars found mostly in humans and other animals as the terminal units on carbohydrate chains linked to proteins or lipids. The sialic acids function in cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions necessary for organismic development and homeostasis. They not only pose a barrier to microorganisms inhabiting or invading an animal mucosal surface, but also present a source of potential carbon, nitrogen, and cell wall metabolites necessary for bacterial colonization, persistence, growth, and, occasionally, disease...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23724336/reduction-of-contaminants-physical-chemical-and-microbial-in-domestic-wastewater-through-hybrid-constructed-wetland
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shama Sehar, Rabia Aamir, Iffat Naz, Naeem Ali, Safia Ahmed
The current research was focused mainly on the designing and construction of efficient laboratory scale hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Parameters like COD, BOD5, PO4, SO4, NO3, NO2, and pathogenic indicator microbes were monitored after hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Treatment efficiency of HCW kept on increasing with the increase in hydraulic retention time. Maximum efficiency of HCW was observed with a 20-day HRT, that is, 97.55, 97...
2013: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23762762/important-roles-of-cellular-microrna-mir-155-in-leukemogenesis-by-human-t-cell-leukemia-virus-type-1-infection
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariko Tomita
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the pathogen that causes the aggressive and lethal malignancy of CD4+ T-lymphocytes called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short, noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or cleavage. miRNAs are involved in many aspects of cell biology linked with formation of several cancer phenotypes. However, the relation between miRNAs and pathologic implication in ATLL is not well elucidated...
2012: ISRN Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23762761/use-of-probiotics-in-aquaculture
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patricia Martínez Cruz, Ana L Ibáñez, Oscar A Monroy Hermosillo, Hugo C Ramírez Saad
The growth of aquaculture as an industry has accelerated over the past decades; this has resulted in environmental damages and low productivity of various crops. The need for increased disease resistance, growth of aquatic organisms, and feed efficiency has brought about the use of probiotics in aquaculture practices. The first application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to increase growth of hydrobionts (organisms that live in water). Later, probiotics were used to improve water quality and control of bacterial infections...
2012: ISRN Microbiology
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