Journal of Diabetes Research

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease affects approximately 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with an increased risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and cardiovascular (CV) events, as well as increased mortality. Among the indicators of decline in renal function, the eGFR slope is acquiring an increasing clinical interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of the collected data, the association between the decline of the eGFR slope, chronic complications, and mortality of T2DM patients, in order to understand whether or not the eGFR slope can be defined as a predictive indicator of complications in T2DM...

AIMS: To explore the relationship between monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: 243 patients diagnosed with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) quintile as nonendothelial dysfunction (FMD ≥ 6.4%) and endothelial dysfunction (FMD < 6.4%). The relationship between MHR and FMD was analyzed using Spearman's correlation, partial correlation, and multiple logistic regression analysis...

This study is aimed at examining which factors are useful for the diagnosis and distinction of ketoacidosis. We recruited 21 diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) patients hospitalized in Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center from April 2015 to March 2021. Almost all patients in this study were brought to the emergency room in a coma and hospitalized. All patients underwent blood gas aspiration and laboratory tests. We evaluated the difference in diagnosis markers in emergencies between DKA and alcoholic ketoacidosis AKA...

Recently, the development of once-weekly incretin-based injections dulaglutide and semaglutide has drawn a great deal of attention. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor activator (GLP-1RA) dulaglutide and semaglutide on glycemic control and several metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We compared various clinical parameters between before and after switching from dulaglutide to semaglutide in "study 1" (pre-post comparison) and set the control group using propensity score matching method in "study 2...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare efficacy and safety between gemigliptin add-on and escalation of the metformin dose in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) despite treatment with metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. METHODS: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. Patients with T2DM uncontrolled on metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors were randomized to receive gemigliptin 50 mg as an add-on (GEM group, n = 37) or escalation of the metformin dose (500 mg, MET group, n = 38) for 24 weeks...

In vitro drug screening for type 1 diabetes therapies has largely been conducted on human organ donor islets for proof of efficacy. While native islets are the ultimate target of these drugs (either in situ or for transplantation), significant benefit can be difficult to ascertain due to the highly heterogeneous nature of individual donors and the overall scarcity of human islets for research. We present an in vitro coculture model based on immortalized insulin-producing beta-cell lines with human endothelial cells in 3D spheroids that aims to recapitulate the islet morphology in an effort towards developing a standardized cell model for in vitro diabetes research...

Nephropathy injury is a prevalent complication observed in individuals with diabetes, serving as a prominent contributor to end-stage renal disease, and the advanced glycation products (AGEs) are important factors that induce kidney injury in patients with diabetes. Addressing this condition remains a challenging aspect in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 strain (NKK20) which protects against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) based on animal and cell models...

INTRODUCTION: DN is a common complication of diabetes. However, diabetes combined with renal injury may involve DN or NDKD, with different treatment schemes. The purpose of our study was to determine the independent risk factors of DN and establish a risk score model to help differentiate DN and NDKD, providing a reference for clinical treatment. METHODS: A total of 678 T2D patients who had undergone renal biopsy in four affiliated hospitals of Peking University were consecutively enrolled...

BACKGROUND: Muscle dysfunction is an early complication of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). As a convenient and low-cost tool, muscle ultrasound has been used to assess muscle quality and muscle mass. However, the relationship between different muscle ultrasound parameters and DPN is unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the relationship between ultrasound parameters of different muscles and DPN among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including the rectus femoris (RF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial head of gastrocnemius (MG)...

AIMS: The favourable effects of bariatric surgeries on body weight reduction and glucose control have been demonstrated in several studies. Additionally, the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgeries has been confirmed in several analyses. The aim of the current analysis was to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgeries in obese patients with type 2 diabetes in Hungary compared to conventional diabetes treatments based on economic modelling of published clinical trial results...

METHOD: A comprehensive search of online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, was performed using the following MeSH keywords: telenursing, telephone follow-up, diabetes mellitus, disease management, glycemic, self-care, treatment adherence, and quality of life, up to September 2023. Two reviewers independently screened pertinent studies based on the prespecified outcomes (treatment adherence, self-care, glycemic control, and quality of life) and extracted data from all eligible studies...

OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes, may exhibit a complex interrelation with coagulation function. This study is aimed at elucidating the association between coagulation function and DKD. METHODS: This was a real-world observational study conducted in Beijing, involving 2,703 participants. All patients with diabetes were classified into two groups, viz., DKD and non-DKD groups. Effect magnitudes are denoted as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI)...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevailing complication arising from diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, there are no trustworthy and efficacious treatment modalities currently available. In recent times, compelling evidence has emerged regarding the intricate correlation between the kidney and the gut microbiota, which is considered the largest immune organ within the human physique. Various investigations have demonstrated that the perturbation of the gut microbiota and its associated metabolites potentially underlie the etiology and progression of DKD...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health challenge. T2DM self-management, including diet, physical activity, blood glucose self-monitoring, foot care, and adherence to medication, is considered a primary tool for managing diabetes. Patient activation, an individual's knowledge, skill, and confidence in managing their health and healthcare, was recognized to be associated with better T2DM self-management and clinical outcomes. Patient activation intervention has been described as a potential approach for enhancing chronic disease self-management...

The kidneys have a high level of Netrin-1 expression, which protects against some acute and chronic kidney disorders. However, it is yet unknown how Netrin-1 affects renal proximal tubule cells in diabetic nephropathy (DN) under pathological circumstances. Research has shown that autophagy protects the kidneys in animal models of renal disease. In this study, we looked at the probable autophagy regulation mechanism of Netrin-1 and its function in the pathogenesis of DN. We proved that in HK-2 cell, high blood sugar levels caused Netrin-1 to be downregulated, which then triggered the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and enhanced cell death and actin cytoskeleton disruption...

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in the function of insulin, is on the rapid rise globally. Sustained hyperglycemia which is a major sign of DM is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species which promotes adverse complications of the disorder. Traditional herbal treatment of DM is a common practice in Africa and other tropical parts of the world. Vernonia amygdalina (VA), one of the highly researched species in the Asteraceae family, has proven to possess potent antidiabetic properties...

BACKGROUND: β -cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the main mechanisms causing glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Bariatric surgeries, i.e., sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), are procedures both known to induce weight loss, increase insulin action, and enhance β -cell function, but hepatic insulin extraction and glucose effectiveness may also play a role. METHODS: To determine the contribution of these regulators on glucose tolerance after bariatric surgery, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and 2 months after surgery in 9 RYGB and 7 SG subjects...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are common among elderly individuals. Growing evidence has indicated a strong link between T2D and NDs, such as Alzheimer's disease. However, previous studies have limitations in exploring the epidemiological relationship among these diseases as a group of NDs rather than as a specific type of ND. We aimed to investigate the risk of NDs in elderly Koreans who were first diagnosed with T2D and determine the association between T2D and NDs. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with who were initially diagnosed with T2D using the Korean National Health Information Database...

This review summarizes the correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastric cancer (GC) from the perspectives of epidemiology, drug use, and potential mechanisms. The association between DM and GC is inconclusive, and the positive direction of the association reported in most published meta-analyses suggests that DM may be an independent risk factor for GC. Many clinical investigations have shown that people with DM and GC who undergo gastrectomy may have better glycemic control. The potential link between DM and GC may involve the interaction of multiple common risk factors, such as obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, H...

RESULTS: Our findings suggest that antioxidants and PMF may alleviate impaired protein synthesis and degradation pathways in skeletal muscle atrophy. PTS showed a positive effect on the anabolic pathway, while RSV and PMF demonstrated potential for ameliorating the catabolic pathway. Notably, the combination therapy of antioxidants and PMF exhibited a stronger ameliorative effect on skeletal muscle atrophy than either intervention alone. CONCLUSION: The present results highlight the benefits of employing a multimodal approach, involving both antioxidant and PMF therapy, for the management of muscle-wasting conditions...