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Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report

https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720075/surveillance-of-adverse-events-following-immunisation-in-australia-2015
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aditi Dey, Han Wang, Helen Quinn, Jane Cook, Kristine Macartney
This report summarises Australian passive surveillance data for adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) for 2015 reported to the Therapeutic Goods Administration and compares them to long-term trends. There were 2,924 AEFI records for vaccines administered in 2015; an annual AEFI reporting rate of 12.3 per 100,000 population. There was a decline of 7% in the overall AEFI reporting rate in 2015 compared with 2014. This decline in reported adverse events in 2015 compared to the previous year was mainly attributable to fewer reports following the HPV vaccine and replacement of monovalent vaccines (Hib, MenCCV and varicella) with combination vaccines such as Hib-MenC, and MMRV...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720074/tuberculosis-notifications-in-australia-2014
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cindy Toms, Richard Stapledon, Chris Coulter, Paul Douglas
In 2014, the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System received 1,339 tuberculosis (TB) notifications, representing a rate of 5.7 per 100,000 population. Australia has achieved and maintained good tuberculosis (TB) control since the mid-1980s, sustaining a low annual TB incidence rate of approximately 5 to 6 cases per 100,000 population. The number of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases diagnosed in Australia is low by international standards, with approximately 1-2% of notifications per year being classified as MDR-TB...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720073/australian-meningococcal-surveillance-programme-1-april-to-30-june-2017
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica M Lahra, Rodney Enriquez
The reference laboratories of the Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme (AMSP) report data on the number of cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) confirmed by laboratory testing using culture and by non-culture based techniques. Data contained in quar-terly reports are restricted to a description of the number of cases of IMD by jurisdiction and serogroup, where known. A full analysis of laboratory confirmed cases of IMD in each calen-dar year is contained in the AMSP annual reports.
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720072/the-epidemiology-of-tuberculosis-in-the-australia-capital-territory-2006-2015
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Belinda J Jones, Vanessa Johnston, Ranil D Appuhamy, Marlena Kaczmarek, Mark Hurwitz
Aim: To review the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) over a 10 year period. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the ACT TB notification data from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2015 was conducted. Results: Over the 10 year study period there were 171 TB notifications in the ACT, with an increasing trend in the number of notifications over time. The median age of cases was 36 years (range 14 to 91 years) and 53.8% of cases were male...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720071/the-effects-of-culture-independent-diagnostic-testing-on-the-diagnosis-and-reporting-of-enteric-bacterial-pathogens-in-queensland-2010-to-2014
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fiona J May, Russell J Stafford, Heidi Carroll, Jennifer Mb Robson, Renu Vohra, Graeme R Nimmo, John Bates, Martyn D Kirk, Emily J Fearnley, Benjamin G Polkinghorne
Changes in diagnostic laboratory testing procedures can impact on the number of cases notified and the public health surveillance of enteric pathogens. Culture independent diagnostic testing using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was introduced for the rapid detection of bacterial enteric pathogens in pathology laboratories in Queensland, Australia, from late 2013 onwards. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using laboratory data to assess the impact of the introduction of PCR testing on four common enteric pathogens, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella and Yersinia, in Queensland between 2010 and 2014...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720070/sexually-transmitted-infections-in-melbourne-australia-from-1918-to-2016-nearly-a-century-of-data
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emile Jasek, Eric Pf Chow, Jason J Ong, Catriona S Bradshaw, Marcus Y Chen, Jane S Hocking, David Lee, Tiffany Phillips, Tiffany Phillips, Meredith Temple-Smith, Glenda Fehler, Christopher K Fairley
Introduction: Our aim was to describe trends in the number of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diagnosed at Melbourne's sexual health clinic over a century. Methods: A retrospective analysis of STI diagnoses (gonorrhoea, infectious syphilis and chancroid) among individuals attending Melbourne's sexual health service over 99 years between 1918 and 2016. Results: Substantial increases in STI rates coincided with World War II, the 'Sexual Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s', and the last 10 years...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720069/how-much-does-tuberculosis-cost-an-australian-healthcare-perspective-analysis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eddie Chan, Aine Nolan, Justin Denholm
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease of high morbidity in Australia, with implications for both public health and the individual. Cost analyses is relevant for programmatic evaluation of TB. There is minimal published TB cost data in the Australian setting. Patients with drug sensitive active pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) and latent TB (LTBI) were enrolled in a single tertiary referral centre to evaluate healthcare provider costs. The median cost of treating drug susceptible pulmonary TB in this case series was 11,538 AUD...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720068/national-position-statement-for-the-management-of-latent-tuberculosis-infection
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Stock
The primary role of any tuberculosis (TB) control program is to ensure the prompt identification and effective treatment of active disease. The host immune system often succeeds in containing the initial (or primary) infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but may fail to eliminate the pathogen. The persistence of viable organisms explains the potential for the development of active disease years or even decades after infection. This is known as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) although, rather than a distinct entity, this probably represents part of a dynamic spectrum...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720067/national-tuberculosis-advisory-committee-guideline-management-of-tuberculosis-risk-in-healthcare-workers-in-australia
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justin Waring, Justin Waring
Tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in Australia and not commonly managed by most healthcare workers (HCWs). However, even in a low incidence setting, occasional exposure of HCWs is inevitable and transmission of TB to HCWs leading to disease does occur. In addition, HCWs may have been recruited to Australia from countries with high TB incidence. These HCWs are more likely to be infected with TB before arrival and subsequently develop active disease while working in health settings in Australia. In 2001, there were 20 TB notifications in HCWs in Australia, of which 10 were born overseas, whereas in 2013, 70 of 77 notified cases (91%) were people born overseas...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720066/prevention-of-perinatal-hepatitis-b-virus-transmission-are-we-following-guidelines
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter G Markey, Helena A White, Alexander T Matthews, Charles R Strebor, Vicki Krause
It is recommended that infants born to women with hepatitis B infection should have serological review following completion of a four dose vaccination schedule. A review was undertaken on 102 neonates who received hepatitis B immunoglobulin to ascertain the proportion that were fully immunised and then followed up. Of the 66 infants for whom data were available, 65 (98.5%) had appropriately received four doses of hepatitis B vaccine in infancy and a further child had received three doses. Only 19/66 (29%; 95%CI: 18-41%) infants had documented follow-up serology results, one of whom was infected and one of whom was immune through clearance of infection...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720065/tuberculosis-screening-in-an-aged-care-residential-facility-in-a-low-incidence-setting
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nompilo Moyo, James Trauer, Peter Trevan, Ann-Marie Baker, Joseph Musemburi, Kerry McGrath, Aine Nolan, Eamon McIntyre, Jane Hulls, Justin T Denholm
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease of high morbidity in Australia, with implications for both public health and the individual. Cost analyses is relevant for programmatic evaluation of TB. There is minimal published TB cost data in the Australian setting. Patients with drug sensitive active pulmonary TB (DS-PTB) and latent TB (LTBI) were enrolled in a single tertiary referral centre to evaluate healthcare provider costs. The median cost of treating drug susceptible pulmonary TB in this case series was 11,538 AUD...
September 1, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899315/australian-meningococcal-surveillance-programme-1-january-to-31-march-2017
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica M Lahra
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899314/national-notifiable-diseases-surveillance-system-1-january-to-31-march-2017
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899313/ozfoodnet-quarterly-report-1-january-to-31-march-2015
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899312/australian-paediatric-surveillance-unit-annual-report-2015
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie Deverell, Amy Phu, Yvonne A Zurynski, Elizabeth J Elliott
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899311/australian-national-enterovirus-reference-laboratory-annual-report-2014
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason Roberts, Linda Hobday, Aishah Ibrahim, Thomas Aitken, Bruce Thorley
Following the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation, Australia conducts surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age as the main method to monitor its polio-free status. Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2014, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1...
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899310/influenza-viruses-received-and-tested-by-the-melbourne-who-collaborating-centre-for-reference-and-research-on-influenza-annual-report-2015
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vivian K Leung, Natalie Spirason, Hilda Lau, Iwona Buettner, Sook-Kwan Leang, Michelle K Chow
As part of its role in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza in Melbourne received a total of 5,557 influenza positive samples during 2015. Viruses were analysed for their antigenic, genetic and antiviral susceptibility properties. In 2015, influenza B viruses predominated over influenza A(H1)pdm09 and A(H3) viruses, accounting for a total of 58% of all viruses analysed. The vast majority of A(H1)pdm09, A(H3) and influenza B viruses analysed at the Centre were found to be antigenically similar to the respective WHO recommended vaccine strains for the Southern Hemisphere in 2015...
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899309/waterparks-are-high-risk-for-cryptosporidiosis-a-case-control-study-in-victoria-2015
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tanyth E de Gooyer, Joy Gregory, Marion Easton, Nicola Stephens, Emily Fearnley, Martyn Kirk
BACKGROUND: An increase in notifications of cryptosporidiosis was observed in Victoria between March and April 2015. Cases mostly resided in one metropolitan region and hypothesis-generating interviews identified common exposures to aquatic facilities. We conducted a case-control study to determine exposure source(s) and facilitate control measures. METHODS: Laboratory-confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis from the region of interest notified between 1 March and 23 April 2015 were included...
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899308/demographic-and-geographical-risk-factors-for-gonorrhoea-and-chlamydia-in-greater-western-sydney-2003-2013
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianne Gale, Andrew Hayen, George Truman, Rick Varma, Bradley L Forssman, C Raina MacIntyre
INTRODUCTION: Notification rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased in New South Wales as elsewhere in Australia. Understanding trends in chlamydia and gonorrhoea notifications at smaller geographical areas may assist public health efforts to deliver targeted STI interventions. METHODS: Routinely collected disease notification data from 2 local health districts within the greater Western Sydney area were analysed. De-identified notifications of gonorrhoea and chlamydia were extracted for people aged over 15 years during the period 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2013...
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28899307/atypical-outbreak-of-q-fever-affecting-low-risk-residents-of-a-remote-rural-town-in-new-south-wales
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brett N Archer, Cathie Hallahan, Priscilla Stanley, Kathy Seward, Margaret Lesjak, Kirsty Hope, Anthony Brown
We investigated an outbreak of Q fever in a remote rural town in New South Wales, Australia. Cases identified through active and passive case finding activities, and retrospective laboratory record review were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Two sets of case-case analyses were completed to generate hypotheses regarding clinical, epidemiological and exposure risk factors associated with infection during the outbreak. Laboratory-confirmed outbreak cases (n=14) were compared with an excluded case group (n=16) and a group of historic Q fever cases from the region (n=106)...
June 30, 2017: Communicable Diseases Intelligence Quarterly Report
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