Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery

RATIONALE: Maxillofacial gunshot injury leads to significant soft tissue and bone defects, which compromise airway patency, thus posing a challenge for the anaesthesiologist. The utility of the videolaryngoscopy-assisted fibreoptic intubation (VAFI) technique in maxillofacial gunshot injury has not yet been described in the literature. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report the case of a young male presenting with extensive maxillofacial wounds with fractures of the bilateral maxilla, mandible and floor of orbit secondary to self-inflicted gunshot injury...

RATIONALE: Radiolucent lesions over the angle-body region of the mandible are frequently difficult to diagnose but crucial to provide patient-centred care. PATIENT CONCERNS: An elderly female presented with a painless slow-growing swelling over her left lower face for one year, radiographically appearing as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency over the left body of the mandible. DIAGNOSIS: Aspiration was negative, and biopsy was inconclusive...

RATIONALE: In Indian subcontinent, every adult may have suffered from chicken pox during their early childhood and harbour the virus, which eventually becomes inactive over years. These latent organisms can undergo sudden activation when triggered by injection of local anaesthesia in the oral cavity. Probably, some symptoms develop along the distribution of the nerve. PATIENT CONCERNS: Here, we present a case report of a 55-year-old male patient who reported to us with post-anaesthetic herpetic lesion involving the face unilaterally and also a lesion present in the intraoral cavity not crossing the midline...

INTRODUCTION: Traditionally, sutures have been widely used to close intraoral wounds. Various alternatives have been developed amongst which newer tissue adhesives such as N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate having accepted clinical properties are gaining popularity. The primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for intraoral attached mucosal wound closure following alveoloplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective split-mouth study, 25 patients requiring alveoloplasty in either maxillary or mandibular arch bilaterally with a total of 50 sites were divided into two equal groups, namely silk suture (Group 1) and cyanoacrylate (Group 2)...

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic cysts have the potential to transform into neoplasms. However, the characteristics of those which transformed to neoplastic tissues have not been well described and the exact causes of that phenomenon are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe characteristics of odontogenic cysts that transformed into neoplasms and to look for their potential etiologies. DATA SOURCES: English-written studies indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Proquest were assessed using keywords verified by Medical Subject Headings: 'Odontogenic Cyst' and 'Neoplastic Cell Transformation'...

INTRODUCTION: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and recurrent malignancy. Identification of unique and overexpressed cell surface antigens is important in the diagnosis and development of cancer vaccines and various therapies for OSCC. We have used real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the expression of cell surface protein CD24 in both tissue samples and in blood samples to study the clinicopathological features as well as to determine the gene expression profile of CD24 in OSCC and explore its role as a potential target of clinical therapy...

INTRODUCTION: The variable relation and clinical significance of mandibular foramen (MF) and Lingula with inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle (IANB) is important for dental surgeons. Knowing the landmarks on the ramus of the mandible is of paramount importance to perform the surgery without causing damage to the neurovascular bundle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 85 dry adult mandibles of unknown sex and age. The distances were measured from the anatomical reference points (anti- Lingula , Lingula and MF) using digital callipers...

THE RATIONALE: This study describes a partial parotidectomy (PP) under local anaesthesia (LA) without regional block (LAwRB) assisted by electromyographic monitoring of the facial nerve, to consolidate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of these procedures without general anaesthesia (GA). PATIENT CONCERNS: An 82-year-old with a lump in the left parotid gland suspected for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) needed a histological examination to start chemotherapy. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENTS: Because of multiple comorbidities, the authors performed a PP under LAwRB electromyographically guided by the NIM Vital (Medtronic)™...

RATIONALE: Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous infection that involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue which presents as an abscess with multiple draining sinuses. It is common in the tropical and subtropical regions where the conditions favour the growth of the soil saprophytes - fungi and bacteria. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report the rare case of a 62-year-old patient who presented with a soft-tissue overgrowth in the mandibular posterior ridge area for eight months...

INTRODUCTION: Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), a non-infectious, necrotic condition of the bone, occurs as a major complication of radiotherapy to the irradiated site. Simple irrigation of the involved bone to partial or complete resection of the involved bones is being employed in its conventional management. Osseous tissue engineering (OTE) provides a new strategy by regenerating bone cells along with biocompatible scaffolds and micromolecules to produce an engineered osseous tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, mandibular ORN following radiation secondary to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma was included...

RATIONALE: The aim of this study is to describe a rare case of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) metastasis to the pterygomaxillary fossa. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 54-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Otolaryngology due to right facial pain for the past six weeks. DIAGNOSIS: ccRCC metastasis to the pterygomaxillary fossa. TREATMENT: The patient was treated by immunotherapy (Ipilimumab + Nivolumab) after multidisciplinary team evaluation...

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative care after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is essential for managing the long-term success of chronic rhinosinusitis. Post-operative sinus debridement promotes proper wound healing, but the procedure can be accompanied by discomfort and pain. Hence, we analysed the clinical factors related to sinus debridement time after FESS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated retrospectively the clinical factors affecting the time taken for post-operative sinus debridement on the first visit after the discharge...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to provide a structured protocol for the treatment of verrucous carcinoma (VC) based on size, bone invasion, recurrence and whether neck dissection is necessary or not. In addition, the study evaluates the probability of a wrong histopathological diagnosis. DATA SOURCES: A search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google from January 1962 to October 2022 by using MeSH terms and keywords. Studies reporting treatment modalities for VC and different histopathological diagnoses after excision of the lesion were selected except case reports and review articles...

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists regarding the optimal surgical approach for orbital floor reconstruction, resulting in uncertainty regarding the choice of approach with the best aesthetic outcomes and lowest post-operative complications. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to compare the transconjunctival and subtarsal approaches (STA) in orbital reconstruction in terms of post-operative complications and aesthetic outcomes. DATA SOURCES: The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines...

THE RATIONALE: Odontogenic space infection has the potential to spread uncontrollably into adjoining fascial spaces. Prompt diagnosis and management are mandatory to prevent gross morbidity and death. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case report of odontogenic origin-submandibular necrotising fasciitis and myositis in a lactating female. DIAGNOSIS: Computed tomography scan revealed an ill-defined fluid collection with air foci within it in the left submandibular region with evidence of extension along the left sternocleidomastoid and along the strap muscles of the neck...

RATIONALE: Chronic protracted temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation refers to a condition that persists for more than one month without reduction. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 47-year-old male patient first presented to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of the inability to close his mouth for nine months. DIAGNOSIS: Chronic protracted dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. TREATMENT: An initial conservative approach was attempted to reduce the condyle, which was unsuccessful...

INTRODUCTION: The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is a commonly used free flap for the reconstruction of orofacial defects because of its versatility and reliability. The donor site is closed with either split or full-thickness skin graft, and one of the common donor site morbidities is skin graft failure. Various techniques to minimise skin graft failure were reported, and we compared the skin graft techniques with and without plaster back slab dressing in the radial forearm donor site...

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RATIONALE: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a fibro-osseous lesion of the osseous structures of the body. With an incidence of 1:4000-1:10,000, it seems to be a rare disease. Polyostotic craniofacial fibrous dysplasia involves the skull base bones and facial bones. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient complained of a huge swelling over the right side of her face for the past 12 years. DIAGNOSIS: Based on clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, the swelling was diagnosed as polyostotic craniofacial FD...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this article is to describe a soft-tissue augmentation procedure for multiple tooth extraction sites during immediate placement and immediate loading (IPIL) dental implant surgery in periodontally compromised patients and to present follow-up results of its effectiveness. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on data from patients who underwent IPIL dental implant surgery between 2018 and 2021 at an oral implant centre in Bulgaria...