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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samoel A Khamadi, Emmanuel Bahemana, Nicole Dear, Caroline Mavere, Fredy George, Razack Kapene, Grace Papianus, Walidah Willoughby, Jillian Chambers, Kavitha Ganesan, Iman Mwakabanje, Jason M Bacha, Priyanka Desai, Shaban Almas, Peter D Coakley, Vanessa Wolfman, Elizabeth H Lee, Patrick W Hickey, Jeffrey Livezey, Patricia A Agaba
BACKGROUND: Achieving viral suppression (VS) for persons living with HIV is key to reaching epidemic control. We assessed the prevalence of VS and the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRM) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) in the Southern Highland zone of Tanzania. METHODS: From 2019-2021, we enrolled CALHIV aged 1-19 years on ART for >6 months in a cross-sectional study. Participants had viral load (VL) testing; those with VL ≥1000 copies/mL underwent HIVDRM testing...
June 3, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benchmarking of Outpatient Pediatric Antibiotic Prescribing: Results of a Multicenter Collaborative.
Rana E El Feghaly, Joshua C Herigon, Matthew P Kronman, Bethany A Wattles, Nicole M Poole, Michael J Smith, Ana M Vaughan, Rosemary Olivero, Sameer J Patel, Ann Wirtz, Zachary Willis, Brian R Lee
BACKGROUND: Most antibiotic use occurs in ambulatory settings. No benchmarks exist for pediatric institutions to assess their outpatient antibiotic use and compare prescribing rates to peers. We aimed to share pediatric outpatient antibiotic use reports and benchmarking metrics nationally. METHODS: We invited institutions from the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship OutPatient (SHARPS-OP) Collaborative to contribute quarterly aggregate reports on antibiotic use from January 2019 through June 2022...
June 1, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heather R Jackson, Luca Miglietta, Dominic Habgood-Coote, Giselle D'Souza, Priyen Shah, Samuel Nichols, Ortensia Vito, Oliver Powell, Maisey Salina Davidson, Chisato Shimizu, Philipp K A Agyeman, Coco R Beudeker, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Enitan D Carrol, Michael J Carter, Tisham De, Irini Eleftheriou, Marieke Emonts, Cristina Epalza, Pantelis Georgiou, Ronald De Groot, Katy Fidler, Colin Fink, Daniëlle van Keulen, Taco Kuijpers, Henriette Moll, Irene Papatheodorou, Stephane Paulus, Marko Pokorn, Andrew J Pollard, Irene Rivero-Calle, Pablo Rojo, Fatou Secka, Luregn J Schlapbach, Adriana H Tremoulet, Maria Tsolia, Effua Usuf, Michiel Van Der Flier, Ulrich Von Both, Clementien Vermont, Shunmay Yeung, Dace Zavadska, Werner Zenz, Lachlan J M Coin, Aubrey Cunnington, Jane C Burns, Victoria Wright, Federico Martinon-Torres, Jethro A Herberg, Jesus Rodriguez Manzano, Myrsini Kaforou, Michael Levin
OBJECTIVE: To identify a diagnostic blood transcriptomic signature that distinguishes multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) from Kawasaki Disease (KD), bacterial infections and viral infections. STUDY DESIGN: Children presenting with MIS-C to participating hospitals in the United Kingdom and the European Union between April 2020-April 2021 were prospectively recruited. Whole blood RNA Sequencing was performed, contrasting the transcriptomes of children with MIS-C (n=38) to those from children with KD (n=136), definite bacterial (DB; n=188) and viral infections (DV; n=138)...
May 31, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroki Kato, Kensuke Shoji, Miyuki Jinguji, Nao Nishimura, Satoshi Nakagawa, Isao Miyairi
BACKGROUND: Several reports have suggested that routine use of anaerobic blood culture bottles together with aerobic bottles may improve blood culture positivity. However, the information is still limited regarding the utility of anaerobic blood culture bottles in the pediatric intensive care unit, where bacteremia due to anaerobic bacteria is relatively rare. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary children's hospital in Japan from May 2016 to January 2020...
May 26, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine V Williams, Zhu-Nan Li, Bo Zhai, John F Alcorn, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Min Z Levine, Sara S Kim, Brendan Flannery, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Amanda Jaber Merranko, Mark Collins, Michael Susick, Karen S Clarke, Richard K Zimmerman, Judith M Martin
BACKGROUND: Few studies have focused on the immune response to more recent influenza vaccine formulations such as cell-cultured inactivated influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) in older children and young adults, or differences in immunoglobulin response using newer antibody landscape technology. METHODS: Participants ages 4-21 were randomized to receive ccIIV4 (n =112) or LAIV4 (n=118). A novel high-throughput multiplex influenza antibody detection assay (MIADA) was used to provide detailed IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody isotypes, along with hemagglutination inhibition levels (HAI), measured pre- and 28 days post vaccination...
May 26, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew S Haynes, Holly Maples, Sarah Parker
Vancomycin remains the standard of care for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia in pediatrics largely because no alternative antibiotic is definitively superior. Long-standing historical precedent and S. aureus' notable lack of vancomycin resistance are clear benefits, but vancomycin's use remains plagued by nephrotoxicity and the need for therapeutic drug monitoring, with inadequate consensus on how best to dose or monitor vancomycin in pediatrics. Daptomycin, ceftaroline, and linezolid are all promising alternatives, with improved safety relative to vancomycin...
May 5, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Saiman, Susan E Coffin, Larry K Kociolek, Danielle M Zerr, Aaron M Milstone, Margaret L Aldrich, Celibell Y Vargas, Giovanny Zapata, Morgan A Zalot, Megan E Reyna, Amanda Adler, Annie Voskertchian, Emily R Egbert, Luis Alba, Sonia Gollerkeri, Madelyn Ruggieri, Lyn Finelli, Yoonyoung Choi
BACKGROUND: Outbreaks of healthcare-associated respiratory syncytial virus (HA-RSV) infections in children are well described, but less is known about sporadic HA-RSV infections. We assessed the epidemiology and clinical outcomes associated with sporadic HA-RSV infections. METHODS: We retrospectively identified hospitalized children <18 years old with HA-RSV infections in six children's hospitals in the United States during the respiratory viral seasons October-April in 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 and prospectively from October 2020 through November 2021...
May 5, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janet A Englund, Rachel A Cohen, Veronique Bianco, Joseph B Domachowske, Joanne M Langley, Shabir A Madhi, Khalequ Zaman, Agustin Bueso, Ana Ceballos, Luis Cousin, Sanjay Gandhi, Olivier Gruselle, Lisa Jose, Nicola P Klein, Anthonet Koen, Thanyawee Puthanaki, Meng Shi, Peter Silas, Auchara Tangsathapornpong, Jamaree Teeratakulpisarn, Timo Vesikari, Gerco Haars, Amanda Leach, Sonia K Stoszek, Ilse Dieussaert
BACKGROUND: Various case definitions of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI) are currently proposed. We assessed the performance of three clinical case definitions against the World Health Organization definition recommended in 2015 (WHO 2015). METHODS: In this prospective cohort study conducted in eight countries, 2401 children were followed up during 2 years from birth. Suspected LRTIs were detected via active and passive surveillance, followed by in-person clinical evaluation including single timepoint respiratory rate and oxygen saturation (by pulse oximetry) assessment, and nasopharyngeal sampling for RSV testing by polymerase chain reaction...
May 5, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey I Cohen, Anne A Gershon, Charles Grose
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 29, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hedda Trømborg Jalving, Inger Heimdal, Jonas Valand, Kari Risnes, Sidsel Krokstad, Svein Arne Nordbø, Henrik Døllner, Andreas Christensen
BACKGROUND: Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is frequently codetected with other viruses, and detected in asymptomatic children. Thus, the burden of HBoV1 respiratory tract infections (RTI) has been unknown. Using HBoV1-mRNA to indicate true HBoV1 RTI, we assessed the burden of HBoV1 in hospitalized children and the impact of viral codetections, compared with RSV. METHODS: Over 11 years, we enrolled 4,879 children <16 years old admitted with RTI. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction for HBoV1-DNA, HBoV1-mRNA and 19 other pathogens...
April 26, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudia Gaviria-Agudelo, Alexandra B Yonts, David W Kimberlin, Sean T O'Leary, Grant Paulsen
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), a group of medical and public health experts that provides expert advice to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), normally meets three times per year to develop US vaccine recommendations. The ACIP met on 22-24 February 2023 to discuss mpox vaccine, influenza vaccines, pneumococcus vaccines, meningococci vaccines, polio vaccines, RSV vaccine, chikungunya vaccines, dengue vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccines.
April 24, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas J Sandora
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 21, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chris Bird, Gail N Hayward, Philip J Turner, Vanessa Merrick, Mark D Lyttle, Niall Mullen, Thomas R Fanshawe
BACKGROUND: Microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis but is dependent on trained personnel. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) form the mainstay of diagnosis in endemic areas without access to high quality microscopy. We aimed to evaluate whether RDT alone could rule out imported malaria in children presenting to UK Emergency Departments (EDs). METHODS: UK-based, multi-centre, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study. Included: any child <16 years presenting to ED with history of fever and travel to a malaria-endemic country, between 01/01/2016 and 31/12/2017...
April 18, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janine Thomann, Manuel B Bryant, Vincent D Gaertner, Martina Marchesi, Andrea Zbinden, Reinhard Zbinden, Dirk Bassler, Christoph M Rüegger
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 17, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie L Rolsma, Sandra M Yoder, Rachel S Nargi, Eric Brady, Natalia Jimenez-Truque, Isaac Thomsen, Marissa Kontos, Robert H Carnahan, Rachel E Sutton, Erica Armstrong, Len Dally, James E Crowe, Kathryn M Edwards, C Buddy Creech
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in infants, making vaccination an attractive preventive strategy. Due to earlier reports of vaccine-enhanced disease in RSV-naive children, assessing prior RSV infection is critical for determining eligibility for future infant vaccine trials. However, this is complicated by the presence of maternally transferred maternal antibody. We sought to develop assays that measure immune responses to RSV pre-fusion (F) protein that discriminate between maternal and infant responses...
April 8, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathryn M Schmit, Gregory P Demuri, Jens C Eickhoff, Yury Bochkov, James E Gern, Ellen R Wald
Our objective was to describe the distribution of RV by species and type in both symptomatic and asymptomatic children in a prospective study over multiple years. A large and diverse distribution of RV types were seen among children with and without symptoms. RV-A and RV-C were predominant at all visits.
April 4, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huanyu Wang, Tori Wright, Kathy Everhart, Sophonie J Oyeniran, Asuncion Mejias, Amy L Leber
BACKGROUND: Beginning in late 2021 we observed a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in pediatric patients evaluated at our institution. We aimed to characterize the children with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, to determine the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections and characterize the intervals between two infections in our patient population. METHODS: From March 2020 to September 2022, we identified children ≤ 21 years old who had ≥2 SARS-CoV-2 infections using laboratory reports...
April 2, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatima Estrada, Aakash Mahant Mahant, Sandra Guerguis, Sharlene Sy, Chuanyong Lu, Sandra E Reznik, Betsy C Herold
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 31, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth White, Amy Legg, Alexandra Bogart, Nicolette Graham, Faten Jebreen, Julia E Clark
This retrospective analysis describes the administration of sotrovimab in 32 children (22 aged 12 to 16 years old; 10 aged 1-11 years old) who were at high risk of deterioration to severe COVID-19 disease. We provide dosing suggestions and demonstrate the feasibility of sotrovimab use in the younger pediatric population (<12 years old and <40 kg).
March 31, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zheyi Teoh, Zachary I Willis
Two new articles describe the use and implementation of monoclonal antibodies to treat COVID-19 in children. While these studies provide valuable guidance for pediatric clinicians, more studies of monoclonal antibodies and other COVID-19 therapies in children are needed.
March 17, 2023: Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
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