journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35237044/protective-effects-of-acridocarpus-smeathmannii-dc-guill-perr-root-extract-against-phenylhydrazine-induced-haematotoxicity-biochemical-changes-and-oxidative-stress-in-rats
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Oluwafemi Ezekiel Kale, Olufunsho Awodele, Abidemi James Akindele
Several strategies for discovering drugs from unexplored natural products continue to strengthen research and development with current commercial evidence supporting their applications. We assessed the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Acridocarpus smeathmannii root (HEASR) against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced haematotoxicity, biochemical changes, and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Groups 1 and 2 controls received normal saline (10 mL/kg/day) and PHZ (60 mg/kg, day 4 and 5), respectively, via oral gavage...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31762587/a-solo-dance-or-a-tango
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yulin Wan, Shanshan An, Yanchao Zhou, Man Tang, Qiuyun Liu
Previous studies have identified genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus underlying nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A hypothesis postulated that the local buildup of HCl, mediated by hydrogen bond donors and acceptors and basic amino acids, causes cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidences are high in the humid southern coastal China, Southeast Asia, and Mediterranean regions, but not in the noncoastal and nonhumid southern Yunnan Province, China, and nonhumid Central China. The nearly saturated humidity in the Huinan period in Guangdong can trigger the expression of proteins with extensive hydrogen bonding to protons, augmenting the formation of HCl that is mutagenic...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31673227/the-roles-of-n-6-methyladenosine-in-human-diseases
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shanshan An, Jiaming Zhang, Yuchuan Wang, Ying Zhang, Qiuyun Liu
N  6 -Methyladenosine methylations and demethylations are associated with a number of human diseases. A chemical and biochemical perspective can complement the biological view of the epigenetic mechanism. The orbital of imino nitrogen and nitrogen-hydrogen orbital displays p-π conjugation and σ-σ hyperconjugation. The electron delocalization attenuates secondary chemical bonding, resulting in low affinities on the imino nitrogen atom to cations. Reduced proton accumulation via N  6 -methyladenosine correlates to lower cellular proton levels which may reflect cell physiology and pathogenesis...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31579385/cellular-states-and-secondary-chemical-bonding-a-biochemical-view-of-major-human-diseases
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yulin Wan, Jiaming Zhang, Xiaoxia Li, Yuchuan Wang, Qiuyun Liu
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prevalent in hot and humid areas such as south coastal China and Southeast Asia, but not in the non-coastal southern Chinese Yunnan Province. Secondary chemical bonding may underlie such phenomena. Cancer may be caused by strong acids such as HCl, whereas insoluble and rigid salts such as calcium oxalate are the potential causative factors of heart disease and the Alzheimer disease. The weak organic acids produced by plants counteract strong acids and dissolve insoluble salts, therefore boasting dual roles in disease prevention and treatments...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31555049/-aerococcus-urinae-and-globicatella-sanguinis-persist-in-polymicrobial-urethral-catheter-biofilms-examined-in-longitudinal-profiles-at-the-proteomic-level
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanbao Yu, Tamara Tsitrin, Shiferaw Bekele, Vishal Thovarai, Manolito G Torralba, Harinder Singh, Randall Wolcott, Sebastian N Doerfert, Maria V Sizova, Slava S Epstein, Rembert Pieper
Aerococcus urinae ( Au ) and Globicatella sanguinis ( Gs ) are gram-positive bacteria belonging to the family Aerococcaceae and colonize the human immunocompromised and catheterized urinary tract. We identified both pathogens in polymicrobial urethral catheter biofilms (CBs) with a combination of 16S rDNA sequencing, proteomic analyses, and microbial cultures. Longitudinal sampling of biofilms from serially replaced catheters revealed that each species persisted in the urinary tract of a patient in cohabitation with 1 or more gram-negative uropathogens...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31320798/a-high-creatine-kinase-concentration-might-be-a-sign-of-mcardle-disease-in-patient-with-type-1-diabetes
#6
Kader Ugur, Yakup Aydogan, Abdurrahman Akgun, Suleyman Aydin
Type 1 diabetes (the pancreas producing little or no insulin) is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. McArdle disease is a common metabolic defect caused by an inherited deficit of myophosphorylase. These 2 diseases might have some clinical heterogeneity. Here, we discuss a McArdle disease case where insulin-dependent diabetes overshadows its early diagnosis. In this case, an insulin-dependent 22-year-old female patient with diabetes mellitus had been on diabetes treatment for 15 years...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31024217/the-role-of-insulin-like-growth-factors-and-insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-proteins-in-the-nervous-system
#7
REVIEW
Moira S Lewitt, Gary W Boyd
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30733628/connexin-43-enhances-the-redesigned-cytosine-deaminase-activity-for-suicide-gene-therapy-in-human-breast-cancer-cells
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asif Raza, Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
Background: Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), a prodrug, into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug. However, the poor binding affinity of CD towards 5-FC as compared to the natural substrate cytosine, limits its application towards a successful suicide gene therapy. Although F186W mutant was developed to enhance the effect of wild-type CD, still scope for its improvement remains to further minimize the dose-dependent cytotoxicity of the drugs...
2019: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30643418/aerobic-respiration-criticism-of-the-proton-centric-explanation-involving-rotary-adenosine-triphosphate-synthesis-chemiosmosis-principle-proton-pumps-and-electron-transport-chain
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelath Murali Manoj
The acclaimed explanation for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos, or cellular respiration) is a deterministic proton-centric scheme involving four components: Rotary adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-synthesis, Chemiosmosis principle, Proton pumps, and Electron transport chain (abbreviated as RCPE hypothesis). Within this write-up, the RCPE scheme is critically analyzed with respect to mitochondrial architecture, proteins' distribution, structure-function correlations and their interactive dynamics, overall reaction chemistry, kinetics, thermodynamics, evolutionary logic, and so on...
2018: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29308011/enzyme-immobilization-on-nanoporous-gold-a-review
#10
REVIEW
Keith J Stine
Nanoporous gold (referred to as np-Au or NPG) has emerged over the past 10 years as a new support for enzyme immobilization. The material has appealing features of ease of preparation, tunability of pore size, high surface to volume ratio, and compatibility with multiple strategies for enzyme immobilization. The np-Au material is especially of interest for immobilization of redox enzymes for biosensor and biofuel cell applications given the ability to construct electrodes of high surface area and stability...
2017: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29308010/structure-and-function-of-caltrin-calcium-transport-inhibitor-proteins
#11
REVIEW
Ernesto Javier Grasso, Carlos Enrique Coronel
Caltrin (calcium transport inhibitor) is a family of small and basic proteins of the mammalian seminal plasma which bind to sperm cells during ejaculation and inhibit the extracellular Ca2+ uptake, preventing the premature acrosomal exocytosis and hyperactivation when sperm cells ascend through the female reproductive tract. The binding of caltrin proteins to specific areas of the sperm surface suggests the existence of caltrin receptors, or precise protein-phospholipid arrangements in the sperm membrane, distributed in the regions where Ca2+ influx may take place...
2017: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29123406/prophylactic-iron-supplementation-in-pregnancy-a-controversial-issue
#12
REVIEW
João Ricardo Friedrisch, Bruno Kras Friedrisch
In our world today, iron deficiency (ID) is the most frequent nutritional deficiency and it is being considered as an epidemic public health crisis. Women of reproductive age and infants are at particular risk of ID, especially in underdeveloped countries. During pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia is a specific risk factor associated with negative maternal and perinatal outcomes. Many countries have iron supplementation (IS) programs-as recommended by the World Health Organization-during pregnancy; however, IS clinical benefits and risks are unclear...
2017: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28804245/dna-microarray-analysis-of-estrogen-responsive-genes-in-ishikawa-cells-by-glabridin
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Poh Su Wei Melissa, Yong Voon Chen Phelim, Visweswaran Navaratnam, Chia Yoke Yin
Based on a previous study, glabridin displayed a dose-dependent increase in estrogenic activity and cell proliferative activity in Ishikawa cells. However, when treated in combination with 17β-E2, synergistic estrogenic effect was observed but without the same synergistic increase in cell proliferative effect. This study aimed to identify the estrogen and nonestrogen-regulated activities induced by glabridin and in combination with 17β-E2 in comparison with 17β-E2. The results showed that 10 µM glabridin and the combination treatment of 100 nM glabridin with 1 nM 17β-E2 regulated both the genomic and nongenomic estrogen pathways to possibly provide benefits of estrogens in cardiovascular, circulatory, and vasculature systems...
2017: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28469442/the-role-of-the-growth-hormone-insulin-like-growth-factor-system-in-visceral-adiposity
#14
REVIEW
Moira S Lewitt
There is substantial evidence that the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity. Both GH and IGF-I have direct effects on adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, and this system is involved in the cross-talk between adipose tissue, liver, and pituitary. Transgenic animal models have been of importance in identifying mechanisms underlying these interactions. It emerges that this system has key roles in visceral adiposity, and there is a rationale for targeting this system in the treatment of visceral obesity associated with GH deficiency, metabolic syndrome, and lipodystrophies...
2017: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27980418/effects-of-sterculia-setigera-del-stem-bark-extract-on-hematological-and-biochemical-parameters-of-wistar-rats
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Moses Z Zaruwa, Nne I Ibok, Ibokabasi U Ibok, Emmanuel C Onyenonachi, C Danchal, Aisha G Ahmed, Maryam U Ahmed, Ismaila Y Sudi
Africa is rich in a wide range of flora that are exploited as herbal medicines and remedies. Several diseases such as diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery and jaundice have been successfully managed using herbal medicines. Herbal decoctions or concoctions have been used as pain killers, antibiotics, and hematinics. This study evaluated the hematopoietic and biochemical properties of the stem bark of Sterculia setigera Del. in Wistar rats. Results showed that S. setigera decoction has copiously high tannin and cardiac glycoside levels...
2016: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27330302/serum-saliva-and-urine-irisin-with-and-without-acute-appendicitis-and-abdominal-pain
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Unal Bakal, Suleyman Aydin, Mehmet Sarac, Tuncay Kuloglu, Mehmet Kalayci, Gokhan Artas, Meltem Yardim, Ahmet Kazez
A 112-amino-acid protein irisin (IRI) is widely expressed in many organs, but we currently do not know whether appendix tissue and blood cells express it. If appendix tissue and neutrophil cells express IRI, measuring its concentration in biological fluids might be helpful in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA), since neutrophil cells are the currently gold-standard laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of AA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based measurements of the proposed myokine IRI for the discrimination of patients with AA from those with acute abdominal pain (AP) and healthy controls...
2016: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27042090/protein-modifications-as-manifestations-of-hyperglycemic-glucotoxicity-in-diabetes-and-its-complications
#17
REVIEW
Hong Zheng, Jinzi Wu, Zhen Jin, Liang-Jun Yan
Diabetes and its complications are hyperglycemic toxicity diseases. Many metabolic pathways in this array of diseases become aberrant, which is accompanied with a variety of posttranslational protein modifications that in turn reflect diabetic glucotoxicity. In this review, we summarize some of the most widely studied protein modifications in diabetes and its complications. These modifications include glycation, carbonylation, nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and succination...
2016: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28008268/identification-of-stevioside-using-tissue-culture-derived-stevia-stevia-rebaudiana-leaves
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Md Ziaul Karim, Daisuke Uesugi, Noriyuki Nakayama, M Monzur Hossain, Kohji Ishihara, Hiroki Hamada
Stevioside is a natural sweetener from Stevia leaf, which is 300 times sweeter than sugar. It helps to reduce blood sugar levels dramatically and thus can be of benefit to diabetic people. Tissue culture is a very potential modern technology that can be used in large-scale disease-free stevia production throughout the year. We successfully produced stevia plant through in vitro culture for identification of stevioside in this experiment. The present study describes a potential method for identification of stevioside from tissue culture-derived stevia leaf...
2015: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27688710/a-single-cell-platform-for-monitoring-viral-proteolytic-cleavage-in-different-cellular-compartments
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darin Abbadessa, Cameron A Smurthwaite, Connor W Reed, Roland Wolkowicz
Infectious diseases affect human health despite advances in biomedical research and drug discovery. Among these, viruses are especially difficult to tackle due to the sudden transfer from animals to humans, high mutational rates, resistance to current treatments, and the intricacies of their molecular interactions with the host. As an example of these interactions, we describe a cell-based approach to monitor specific proteolytic events executed by either the viral-encoded protease or by host proteins on the virus...
2015: Biochemistry Insights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27330301/correction-to-carbamylated-erythropoietin-a-prospective-drug-candidate-for-neuroprotection
#20
Jianmin Chen, Zheng Yang, Xiao Zhang
[This corrects the article on p. 25 in vol. 8, PMID: 26862298.].
2015: Biochemistry Insights
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