Stem Cells and Cloning : Advances and Applications

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The disease is caused by reduced blood flow into the brain resulting in the sudden death of neurons. Limited spontaneous recovery might occur after stroke or brain injury, stem cell-based therapies have been used to promote these processes as there are no drugs currently on the market to promote brain recovery or neurogenesis. Adult stem cells (ASCs) have shown the ability of differentiation and regeneration and are well studied in literature...

Coronavirus-2019 disease is a newly diagnosed infectious disease, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2. It spreads quickly and has become a major public health problem throughout the world. When the viral structural spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor of the host cell membrane, the virus enters into host cells. The virus primarily affects lung epithelial cells or other target cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors in COVID-19 patients...

Introduction: Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem cells (DBMSCs) are potential therapeutics for the medication to cure inflammatory diseases, like atherosclerosis. The current study investigates the capacity of DBMSCs to stay alive and function in a harmful inflammatory environment induced by high levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: DBMSCs were exposed to different levels of LPS, and their viability and functional responses (proliferation, adhesion, and migration) were examined...

INTRODUCTION: Intervertebral disc diseases (IVDD) represent the majority of neurological attendance and responsible for the most cases of paralysis in dogs. Treatments currently used do not show satisfactory results in patients with more severe and chronic neurological manifestations. METHODS: To promote nerve and muscular recovery, as well as improve quality of life, we aimed to create a double-blind test method, associating spinal decompression surgery and allogeneic transplantation of amniotic membrane-derived stem cells (AMSCs) in dogs with chronic IVDD...

Introduction: Some laminoplasty procedures still have restenosis because of bony-bridging failure of the laminar hinge. The present study aimed to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-enriched scaffolds on vertebral regeneration after laminoplasty on the basis of the number of osteoblasts, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) levels. Methods: Laminoplasty procedure using the Hirabayashi technique was conducted at the lumbar level in 32 rabbits that were divided into four and three groups of the control (C) and treatment groups, respectively, with different types of laminoplasty spacer (T1, autograft; T2, scaffold; and T3, scaffold with MSCs)...

Rationale: Loss of function mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes is the primary genetic defects in high-risk hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). Cytotoxic chemotherapy and anti-inflammatory drugs are potential treatment options. These treatment options lead to systemic toxicity, acquired tumor resistance and the emergence of drug-resistant stem cells. A colonic epithelial cell culture model expressing the relevant genetic defects in chemo-resistant stem cells provides a relevant experimental system for HNPCC...

Purpose: Comparative reanalysis of single-cell transcriptomics data to gain useful novel insights into cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a rare subset of cells within tumors, characterized by their capability to self-renew and differentiate, and their role in tumorigenicity. Patients and Methods: This project utilized publically available liver single-cell RNA-seq datasets of liver cancer and liver progenitor cell types to demonstrate how shared large amounts of data can generate new and valuable information...

There is numerous evidence for the presence of stem cells, which is important for the treatment of a wide variety of disease conditions. Stem cells have a great therapeutic effect on different degenerative diseases through the development of specialized cells. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from preimplantation embryos, which have a natural karyotype. This cell has the capacity of proliferation indefinitely and undifferentiated. Stem cells are very crucial for the treatment of different chronic and degenerative diseases...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/SCCAA.S253108.].

Introduction: Osteoarthritis causes a progressive deterioration to the protective cartilage between the joints leading to chronic pain and disability. This review focuses on the intrinsic potential of MSCs to stabilize and repair the cartilage tissue of the knee joint in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients. Methods: An online search through the PubMed database was conducted, limiting the search to the English language and human clinical trials within the past 5 years...

Purpose: An assessment of the effectiveness of progenitor mesenchymal stem cell as injections and as part of a polymer hydrogel for the wounds treatment. Materials and Methods: Fixed-size wounds (average area of 135.8 mm2 ) were modeled on the back of white Wistar rats, aged 9 months. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) isolated from a human umbilical cord were injected into the wounds once on the modeling day (SC group). In other animals, MSC were periodically applied externally as one of the components in the polymer hydrogel (Polymer_sc group)...

Background: The new therapeutic strategy of managing cardiac diseases is based on cell therapy; it highly suggests the use of multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs widely used in researches are known to be isolated from bone marrow. However, this research seeks to use a human umbilical cord (HUC) as an alternative source of MSCs. Since HUC Wharton's jelly (WJ)-isolated MSCs originate as fetal tissue they are highly preferable for their potential advantages over other adult tissues...

Introduction: Hearing Loss (HL) is known as the most common sensory processing disorder across the world. An effective treatment which has been currently used for patients suffering from this condition is cochlear implant (CI). The major limitation of this treatment is the need for a healthy auditory neuron (AN). Accordingly, mesenchymal cells (MCs) are regarded as good candidates for cell-based therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the potentials of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) for differentiation towards ANs along with using treatments with growth factors and microRNA (miRNA) transfection in vitro ...

Stem cells (SCs) play a major role in advanced fields of regenerative medicine and other research areas. They are involved in the regeneration of damaged tissue or cells, due to their self-renewal characteristics. Tissue or cells can be damaged through a variety of diseases, including hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. In regard to this, stem-cell transplantation is a cellular therapeutic approach to restore those impaired cells, tissue, or organs. SCs have a therapeutic potential in the application of stem-cell transplantation...

Purpose: The main aim of this review was to provide an updated comprehensive report regarding isolation methods of MSCs from human extra embryonic tissues, including cord blood, amniotic fluid, and different parts of the placenta and umbilical cord, with respect to the efficacy of these methods. Results: Extra embryonic tissues are the most available source for harvesting of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They make a large number of cells accessible using non-invasive methods of isolation and the least immune-rejection reactions...

Purpose: Amniotic membrane stem cells have a high capacity of proliferation, cell expansion, and plasticity, as well as immunomodulatory properties that contribute to maternal-fetal tolerance. Owing to the lack of research on human amniotic membrane at different gestational stages, the canine model is considered ideal because of its genetic and physiological similarities. We aimed to characterize the canine amniotic membrane (CAM) cell lineage in different gestational stages and evaluate the expression of immunomodulatory genes...

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a high capacity for differentiation and the ability to regenerate a dentin/pulp-like complex. Numerous studies have provided evidence of DPSCs' differentiation capacity, such as in neurogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, angiogenesis, and dentinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms and functions of DPSCs' differentiation process are affected by growth factors and scaffolds. For example, growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), nerve growth factor (NGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) influence DPSC fate, including in differentiation, cell proliferation, and wound healing...

PURPOSE: Graphene-based nanostructures have shown some degree of stem cell protection against cell death. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was used to improve the efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of AKI induced by cisplatin, a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cisplatin-induced AKI was modeled in male rats...

As biomedical data integration and analytics play an increasing role in the field of stem cell research, it becomes important to develop ways to standardize, aggregate, and share data among researchers. For this reason, many databases have been developed in recent years in an attempt to systematically warehouse data from different stem cell projects and experiments at the same time. However, these databases vary widely in their implementation and structure. The aim of this scoping review is to characterize the main features of available stem cell databases in order to identify specifications useful for implementation in future stem cell databases...

Background: The ubiquitous diffusion of radiofrequency (RF) radiation across human living environments has attracted the attention of scientists. Though the adverse health effects of RF exposure remain debatable, it has been reported that the interaction of such radiation with biological macromolecular structures can be deleterious for stem cells, inducing impairment of their main functions involving self-renewal and differentiation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether exposure to RF of 169 megahertz (MHz) that is part of very high radiofrequency (VHF) range 30-300 MHz, could cause damage to stem cells by inducing senescence and loss of regenerative and DNA repair capacity...