JAMA Psychiatry

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IMPORTANCE: Psychiatry mainly deals with conditions that are mediated by brain function but are not directly attributable to specific brain abnormalities. Given the lack of concrete biological markers, such as laboratory tests or imaging results, the development of diagnostic systems is difficult. OBSERVATIONS: This narrative review evaluated 9 diagnostic approaches. The validity of the DSM and the International Classification of Disorders (ICD) is limited. The Research Domain Criteria is a research framework, not a diagnostic system...

IMPORTANCE: Advancing precision psychiatry, where treatments are based on an individual's biology rather than solely their clinical presentation, requires attention to several key attributes for any candidate biomarker. These include test-retest reliability, sensitivity to relevant neurophysiology, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Unfortunately, these issues have not been systematically addressed by biomarker development efforts that use common neuroimaging tools like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG)...

IMPORTANCE: According to the World Health Organization, more than 700 000 individuals worldwide die by suicide each year. Medical conditions likely increase the risk of suicide. OBJECTIVE: To (1) provide age- and sex-specific pairwise estimates of the risk of suicide across a comprehensive range of medical conditions, (2) investigate whether there is a dose-response-like relationship at play (ie, the higher the disability burden due to medical morbidity, the higher the risk of suicide), and (3) determine if the risk of suicide with medical conditions is particularly pronounced among those who had mental disorder preceding the medical conditions...

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IMPORTANCE: A clear and comprehensive understanding of risks associated with psychedelic-assisted therapy is necessary as investigators extend its application to new populations and indications. OBJECTIVE: To assess adverse events (AEs) associated with classic psychedelics, particularly serious AEs (SAEs) and nonserious AEs (NSAEs) requiring medical or psychiatric evaluation. DATA SOURCES: The search for potentially eligible studies was conducted in the Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases from inception through February 8, 2024...

IMPORTANCE: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are highly heritable psychiatric disorders with strong genetic and phenotypic overlap. Twin and molecular methods can be leveraged to predict the shared genetic liability to these disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether twin concordance for psychosis depends on the level of polygenic risk score (PRS) for psychosis and zygosity and compare PRS from cases and controls from several large samples and estimate the twin heritability of psychosis...

IMPORTANCE: Mental illnesses are a leading cause of disability globally, and functional disability is often in part caused by cognitive impairments across psychiatric disorders. However, studies have consistently reported seemingly opposite findings regarding the association between cognition and psychiatric symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the association between general cognition and mental health symptoms diverges at different symptom severities in children...

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IMPORTANCE: Research suggests that low-grade, nonresolving inflammation may predate adult mental and physical illness. However, evidence to date is largely cross-sectional or focuses on single disorder outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine trajectories of inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a large sample of children and adolescents, and to explore associations between different identified trajectories and mental and related cardiometabolic health outcomes in early adulthood...

IMPORTANCE: Individuals with psychiatric disorders have been reported to have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and prospective evidence is limited regarding the association between inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk. OBJECTIVE: To assess the associations between inflammation biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prospective cohort study including individuals from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort, with no prior psychiatric diagnoses and having a measurement of at least 1 inflammatory biomarker...

IMPORTANCE: Associations have been found between COVID-19 and subsequent mental illness in both hospital- and population-based studies. However, evidence regarding which mental illnesses are associated with COVID-19 by vaccination status in these populations is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine which mental illnesses are associated with diagnosed COVID-19 by vaccination status in both hospitalized patients and the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study was conducted in 3 cohorts, 1 before vaccine availability followed during the wild-type/Alpha variant eras (January 2020-June 2021) and 2 (vaccinated and unvaccinated) during the Delta variant era (June-December 2021)...

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IMPORTANCE: More than 150 million people in India need mental health care but few have access to affordable care, especially in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a multifaceted intervention involving a digital health care model along with a community-based antistigma campaign leads to reduced depression risk and lower mental health-related stigma among adults residing in rural India. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This parallel, cluster randomized, usual care-controlled trial was conducted from September 2020 to December 2021 with blinded follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months at 44 rural primary health centers across 3 districts in Haryana and Andhra Pradesh states in India...

IMPORTANCE: Short-term and long-term opioid treatment have been associated with increased pain sensitivity (ie, opioid-induced hyperalgesia). Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) mainly involves maintenance with methadone and buprenorphine, and observations of heightened cold pain sensitivity among patients are often considered evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. OBJECTIVE: To critically examine the evidence that hyperalgesia in patients with OUD is related to opioid use...

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IMPORTANCE: Despite growing interest in the phenomenology of delusions in psychosis, at present little is known about their content and evolution over time, including whether delusion themes are consistent across episodes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the course of delusions and thematic delusion content across relapse episodes in patients presenting to an early intervention service for psychosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This longitudinal, observational study used clinical data systematically collected from January 2003 to March 2018 from a cohort of consenting patients with affective or nonaffective first-episode psychosis, followed up naturalistically for up to 2 years in an early intervention service for psychosis in Montréal, Quebec, Canada...

IMPORTANCE: DSM criteria are polythetic, allowing for heterogeneity of symptoms among individuals with the same disorder. In empirical research, most combinations were not found or only rarely found, prompting criticism of this heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To elaborate how symptom-based definitions and assessments contribute to a distinct probability pattern for the occurrence of symptom combinations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study involved a theoretical argument, simulation, and secondary data analysis of 4 preexisting datasets, each consisting of symptoms from 1 of the following syndromes: posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.