JAMA Psychiatry

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Importance: Psychotic disorders are characterized by impairments in neural oscillations, but the nature of the deficit, the trajectory across illness stages, and functional relevance remain unclear. Objectives: To examine whether changes in spectral power, phase locking, and functional connectivity in visual cortex are present during emerging psychosis and whether these abnormalities are associated with clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, participants meeting clinical high-risk criteria for psychosis, participants with first-episode psychosis, participants with affective disorders and substance abuse, and a group of control participants were recruited...

Importance: Onset of mental disorders during childhood or adolescence has been associated with underperformance in school and impairment in social and occupational life in adulthood, which has important implications for the affected individuals and society. Objective: To compare the educational achievements at the final examination of compulsory schooling in Denmark between individuals with and those without a mental disorder. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark and obtained data from the Danish Civil Registration System and other nationwide registers...

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Importance: The prevalence of adolescent depression and other internalizing mental health problems has increased in recent years, whereas the prevalence of externalizing behaviors has decreased. The association of these changes with the use of mental health services has not been previously examined. Objective: To examine national trends in the care of different mental health problems and in different treatment settings among adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data for this survey study were drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional survey of the US general population...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Importance: Three-dimensional cerebral organoids generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may be used to interrogate cellular-molecular underpinnings of schizophrenia. Objective: To determine transcriptomic profiles and functional characteristics of cerebral organoids from patients with schizophrenia using gene expression studies, complemented with investigations of mitochondrial function through measurement of real-time oxygen consumption rate, and functional studies of neuronal firing with microelectrode arrays...

Importance: It is not clear whether psychotherapies for depression have comparable effects across the life span. Finding out is important from a clinical and scientific perspective. Objective: To compare the effects of psychotherapies for depression between different age groups. Data Sources: Four major bibliographic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for trials comparing psychotherapy with control conditions up to January 2019...

Importance: Information about how risk for bipolar disorder is transmitted across generations and how parental risk for bipolar disorder relates to their children's risk for schizophrenia and major depression is limited. Objective: To evaluate the sources of parent-offspring transmission of bipolar disorder and its familial cross-generational association with schizophrenia and major depression. Design, Setting, and Participants: Parents and offspring (born 1960-1990) from 4 family types were ascertained from Swedish national samples: intact (offspring, n = 2 175 259), not-lived-with biological father (n = 152 436), lived-with stepfather (n = 73 785), and adoptive (n = 15 624)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Importance: Detection, prognosis, and indicated interventions in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) are key components of preventive psychiatry. Objective: To provide a comprehensive, evidence-based systematic appraisal of the advancements and limitations of detection, prognosis, and interventions for CHR-P individuals and to formulate updated recommendations. Evidence Review: Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Reviews, and Ovid/PsychINFO were searched for articles published from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2019, to identify meta-analyses conducted in CHR-P individuals...

Importance: Being born or raised in more densely populated or deprived areas is associated with increased risk of nonaffective psychosis in adulthood, but few studies to date have examined the role of general cognitive ability in these associations. Objective: To investigate whether lower IQ contributed to the association between population density or deprivation and nonaffective psychosis (mediation) and whether these associations were stronger in people with lower IQ (effect modification)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Importance: Population-based findings on physician suicide are of great relevance because this is an important and understudied topic. Objective: To evaluate male and female physician suicide risks compared with the general population from 1980 to date and test whether there is a reduction of SMR in cohorts after 1980 compared with before 1980 via a meta-analysis, modeling studies, and a systematic review emphasizing physician suicide risk factors. Data Sources: This study uses studies retrieved from PubMed, Scielo, PsycINFO, and Lilacs for human studies published by October 3, 2019, using the search term "(((suicide) OR (self-harm) OR (suicidality)) AND ((physicians) OR (doctors)))...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.