JAMA Psychiatry

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IMPORTANCE: Psychotic illness is associated with anatomically distributed gray matter reductions that can worsen with illness progression, but the mechanisms underlying the specific spatial patterning of these changes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that brain network architecture constrains cross-sectional and longitudinal gray matter alterations across different stages of psychotic illness and to identify whether certain brain regions act as putative epicenters from which volume loss spreads...

IMPORTANCE: Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 20% of childbearing individuals, and a significant limitation in reducing its morbidity is the difficulty in modifying established risk factors. Exposure to synthetic environmental chemicals found in plastics and personal care products, such as phenols, phthalates, and parabens, are potentially modifiable and plausibly linked to PPD and have yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to phenols, phthalates, parabens, and triclocarban with PPD symptoms...

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IMPORTANCE: Early-onset bipolar disorder conveys substantial risk for suicide. No psychosocial intervention for this population expressly targets suicidal behavior. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for adolescents with bipolar spectrum disorder is more effective than standard of care (SOC) psychotherapy in decreasing suicide attempts over 1 year. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years diagnosed with bipolar spectrum disorder were recruited from a specialty outpatient psychiatric clinic between November 2014 and September 2019...

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IMPORTANCE: In individuals with schizophrenia, antipsychotic-induced dysfunctions are frequent but often underexplored in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To synthetize the data of observational studies exploring the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders as well as associated factors. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search without language or time restrictions was conducted in Google, Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité for studies published up to June 8, 2022...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

IMPORTANCE: Every third to sixth patient with medical diseases receives antidepressants, but regulatory trials typically exclude comorbid medical diseases. Meta-analyses of antidepressants have shown small to medium effect sizes, but generalizability to clinical settings is unclear, where medical comorbidity is highly prevalent. OBJECTIVE: To perform an umbrella systematic review of the meta-analytic evidence and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of antidepressant use in populations with medical diseases and comorbid depression...

IMPORTANCE: People with psychosis are more likely to be born and live in densely populated and socioeconomically deprived environments, but it is unclear whether these associations are a cause or consequence of disorder. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether trajectories of exposure to deprivation and population density before and after diagnosis are associated with psychotic disorders or nonpsychotic bipolar disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nested case-control study included all individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 2001, diagnosed for the first time with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) psychotic disorder or nonpsychotic bipolar disorder between their 15th birthday and cohort exit (December 31, 2016)...

IMPORTANCE: Gabapentin prescriptions have drastically increased in the US due to off-label prescribing in settings such as opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment to manage a range of comorbid conditions and withdrawal symptoms, despite a lack of evidence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the purpose and associated risks of off-label gabapentin use in OUD treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective recurrent-event case-control study with a crossover design used administrative claims data from MarketScan Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid databases from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016...

IMPORTANCE: Alcohol misuse in adolescence is a leading cause of disability and mortality in youth and is associated with higher risk for alcohol use disorder. Brain mechanisms underlying risk of alcohol misuse may inform prevention and intervention efforts. OBJECTIVE: To identify neuromarkers of alcohol misuse using a data-driven approach, with specific consideration of neurodevelopmental sex differences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Longitudinal multisite functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected at ages 14 and 19 years were used to assess whole-brain patterns of functional organization associated with current and future alcohol use risk as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)...

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IMPORTANCE: Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit pronounced deficits in somatostatin (SST) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Molecularly distinct subtypes of SST neurons, located in the superficial and deep zones of the DLPFC, are thought to contribute to different functional processes of this region; understanding the specificity of SST alterations in SZ across these zones could inform the functional consequences of those alterations, including cognitive impairments characteristic of SZ...

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IMPORTANCE: Clinical decision-making on antidepressant treatment during pregnancy, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is challenging, as both prenatal SSRI exposure and maternal depressive symptoms may be associated with negative outcomes in offspring. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between intrauterine SSRI exposure and maternal depressive symptoms and structural brain development in offspring from mid-childhood to early puberty...

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IMPORTANCE: Conceptualizing mental disorders as latent entities has been challenged by the network theory of mental disorders, which states that psychological problems are constituted by a network of mutually interacting symptoms. While the implications of the network approach for planning and evaluating treatments have been intensively discussed, empirical support for the claims of the network theory regarding treatment effects is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent to which specific hypotheses derived from the network theory regarding the (interindividual) changeability of symptom dynamics in response to treatment align with empirical data...

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