JAMA Pediatrics

IMPORTANCE: Earlier egg and peanut introduction probably reduces risk of egg and peanut allergy, respectively, but it is uncertain whether food allergy as a whole can be prevented using earlier allergenic food introduction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between timing of allergenic food introduction to the infant diet and risk of food allergy. DATA SOURCES: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases were searched for articles from database inception to December 29, 2022...

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IMPORTANCE: Estimates of the number of US children receiving intensive care unit (ICU) care and ICU admission patterns over time are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine how ICU admission patterns, use of critical care services, and the characteristics and outcomes of critically ill children have changed from 2001 to 2019. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's state inpatient databases from a total of 21 US states in 2001, 2004, 2010, 2016, and 2019...

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IMPORTANCE: Privately insured US children account for 40% of non-birth-related pediatric hospitalizations. However, there are no national data on the magnitude or correlates of out-of-pocket spending for these hospitalizations. OBJECTIVE: To estimate out-of-pocket spending for non-birth-related hospitalizations among privately insured children and identify factors associated with this spending. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database, which reports claims from 25 to 27 million privately insured enrollees annually...

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IMPORTANCE: Children with medical complexity (CMC) have chronic conditions and high health needs and may experience fragmented care. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of a structured complex care program, Complex Care for Kids Ontario (CCKO), with usual care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial used a waitlist variation for randomizing patients from 12 complex care clinics in Ontario, Canada, over 2 years...

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IMPORTANCE: Quantification of bilirubin in blood is essential for early diagnosis and timely treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Handheld point-of-care (POC) devices may overcome the current issues with conventional laboratory-based bilirubin (LBB) quantification. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the reported diagnostic accuracy of POC devices compared with LBB quantification. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was conducted in 6 electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 5, 2022...

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IMPORTANCE: Maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during early pregnancy has been related to congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in offspring. However, no study to date has evaluated the association of maternal preconception HBV infection with CHDs in offspring. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association of maternal preconception HBV infection with CHDs in offspring. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study used nearest-neighbor (1:4) propensity score matching of 2013 to 2019 data from the National Free Preconception Checkup Project (NFPCP), a national free health service for childbearing-aged women who plan to conceive throughout mainland China...