JAMA Pediatrics

IMPORTANCE: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a major cause of infant death in the US. Previous research suggests that inborn errors of metabolism may contribute to SIDS, yet the relationship between SIDS and biomarkers of metabolism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and model the association between routinely measured newborn metabolic markers and SIDS in combination with established risk factors for SIDS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a case-control study nested within a retrospective cohort using data from the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development and the California Department of Public Health...

IMPORTANCE: For youth with chronic pain, anxiety and depression are reported as consequences of experiencing pain and maintaining factors of ongoing pain and disability. However, prevalence estimates of anxiety and depression remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To report the prevalence of clinical anxiety and depression for youth with chronic pain and compare symptoms of anxiety and depression between youth with and without chronic pain. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase from inception to April 30, 2023...

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IMPORTANCE: Although questionnaire-based cross-sectional research suggests that screen time before bed correlates with poor sleep, self-reported data seem unlikely to capture the complexity of modern screen use, requiring objective night-by-night measures to advance this field. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether evening screen time is associated with sleep duration and quality that night in youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This repeated-measures cohort study was performed from March to December 2021 in participant homes in Dunedin, New Zealand...

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IMPORTANCE: Increased secure firearm storage can reduce youth firearm injury and mortality, a leading cause of death for children and adolescents in the US. Despite the availability of evidence-based secure firearm storage programs and recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics, few pediatric clinicians report routinely implementing these programs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of an electronic health record (EHR) documentation template (nudge) and the nudge plus facilitation (ie, clinic support to implement the program; nudge+) at promoting delivery of a brief evidence-based secure firearm storage program (SAFE Firearm) that includes counseling about secure firearm storage and free cable locks during all pediatric well visits...

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IMPORTANCE: Depression and eating disorders are heightened for adolescents with obesity. Clinical reviews alongside self-report questionnaires are important to ensure appropriate intervention. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in self-report symptoms of depression, eating disorders, and binge eating in adolescents with obesity during the Fast Track to Health trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted from 2018 to 2023...

IMPORTANCE: Adolescent obesity requires effective and accessible treatment. Intensive dietary interventions have the potential to be used as adjunctive therapy for behavioral weight management. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of 2 diet therapies, delivered as part of an intensive behavioral weight management intervention, in adolescents with metabolic complications associated with obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multisite, 52-week randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 31, 2018, to March 31, 2023, at 2 tertiary pediatric centers in Australia...

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