JAMA Ophthalmology

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IMPORTANCE: Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disease. Bevacizumab was demonstrated in the Study of Comparative Treatments for Retinal Vein Occlusion 2 (SCORE2) to be noninferior to aflibercept with respect to visual acuity in study participants with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO) following 6 months of therapy. In this study, the cost-utility of bevacizumab vs aflibercept for treatment of CRVO is evaluated...

IMPORTANCE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) telemedicine screening programs have been found to be effective, but they rely on widefield digital fundus imaging (WDFI) cameras, which are expensive, making them less accessible in low- to middle-income countries. Cheaper, smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) systems have been described, but these have a narrower field of view (FOV) and have not been tested in a real-world, operational telemedicine setting. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of SBFI systems compared with WDFI when used by technicians for ROP screening with both artificial intelligence (AI) and human graders...

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IMPORTANCE: Firearm injuries are associated with devastating visual outcomes. Several studies have demonstrated disparities in trauma care and discharge to rehabilitation and other advanced care facilities (ACFs) due to race and ethnicity and insurance status. The identification of possible disparities in disposition of patients admitted with firearms-associated ocular injuries (FAOIs) is a crucial step in moving toward health equity. OBJECTIVE: To describe disposition patterns following admission for FAOI trauma...

IMPORTANCE: During phacoemulsification, incision leakage and the subsequent anterior chamber collapse often occur after the withdrawal of the handpiece, which cannot be prevented by current sealing techniques. A new technique called swab pressing is proposed here to apply pressure with a cotton swab to seal the incision immediately, but efficacy remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine if swab pressing is noninferior to stromal hydration, the current practice, in sealing incisions in phacoemulsification for age-related cataract...

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IMPORTANCE: Although race is a social construct, it is associated with variations in skin and retinal pigmentation. Image-based medical artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that use images of these organs have the potential to learn features associated with self-reported race (SRR), which increases the risk of racially biased performance in diagnostic tasks; understanding whether this information can be removed, without affecting the performance of AI algorithms, is critical in reducing the risk of racial bias in medical AI...

IMPORTANCE: Diagnostic information from administrative claims and electronic health record (EHR) data may serve as an important resource for surveillance of vision and eye health, but the accuracy and validity of these sources are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of diagnosis codes in administrative claims and EHRs compared to retrospective medical record review. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study compared the presence and prevalence of eye disorders based on diagnostic codes in EHR and claims records vs clinical medical record review at University of Washington-affiliated ophthalmology or optometry clinics from May 2018 to April 2020...

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IMPORTANCE: Racial and ethnic differences in the association between myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between myopia and POAG in the 2019 California Medicare population and to investigate whether there was evidence of effect measure modification of this association by race and ethnicity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used administrative claims data from 2019 California Medicare beneficiaries 65 years or older with California residence and active coverage with Medicare parts A and B...