Applied Neuropsychology. Adult

BACKGROUND: Investigating the functional interactions between different brain regions and revealing the transmission of information by computing brain connectivity have great potential and significance in the diagnosis of early Mild Cognitive Impairment (EMCI). METHODS: The Granger causality with Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU_GC) model is a suitable method that allows the detection of a nonlinear causal relationship and solves the limitation of fixed time lag, which cannot be detected by the classical Granger method...

Cognitive deficits are among the most common impairments in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Aerobic exercise is a repetitive and structured physical activity that influences structural and functional brain alterations differently. This review aims to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on cognition in individuals with TBI. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to December 20, 2023. Studies designed as randomized controlled trials (RCT), clinical controlled trials (CCT), and pilot studies included individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of TBI, comparing aerobic exercise with passive, active, or no control group and included at least one outcome measure assessing any cognitive domain were selected...

Confrontational naming is widely used in diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders like MCI and dementia, and previous research indicates that healthy Non-Hispanic Whites outperform Hispanics in such tasks. However, understanding the factors contributing to score differences among ethnic groups remains limited. This study focuses on cognitively intact Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic White older adults from the TARCC Hispanic Cohort project. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that sex, age, ethnicity, education level, and estimated IQ significantly predict performance on the Boston Naming Test (BNT)...

This study is part of a longitudinal research program, in which patients diagnosed with low-grade gliomas (LGG: n  = 13), as well as healthy controls ( n  = 13), were consecutively recruited and neuropsychologically followed for 7 years. The patients are followed up regardless of variations in treatment. A composite score is used (Global Deficit Score: GDS) included cognitive measures where at least five patients had a negative change: information processing speed, speed of naming, construction ability, verbal fluency, non-verbal thinking, and immediate non-verbal memory...

Theory of mind (ToM) has been addressed in relation to functional alterations of certain brain regions and their connections. The objective is to evaluate ToM in imprisoned criminal offenders and to analyze their relationship with the functions linked to the prefrontal cortex according to their expression in neuropsychological tests. The sample was composed of 52 subjects. 27 committed instrumental homicides and 25 crimes of sale and/or possession of narcotics. A control group was taken, 19 healthy subjects at liberty...

Succession law, which governs the creation and validity of wills, is closely tied to testamentary capacity (TC), the cognitive competence required for a valid will. This study explores TC in acute stroke patients and its connections to demographic and clinical characteristics. The research included first-time stroke patients admitted within 24 hours of symptom onset, meeting specific criteria. Data were collected, and assessment tools like the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) and Testamentary Capacity Assessment Tool (TCAT) were used...

OBJECTIVE: Attempts have been made (with research efforts encouraged) to deconstruct the "race" concept into language, cultural, and life experience variables that can help explain performance differences found between ethnic groups (Romero et al., 2009). The extant empirical literature reveals that early environmental factors and life experiences (e.g., socioeconomic status) are related to cognitive test performance in adulthood (Byrd et al., 2006). This study examined the explanatory value of early life childhood resources in the relationship between ethnicity and neuropsychological test performance in adulthood...

INTRODUCTION: The Latin American Spanish version of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (LAS-FNAME) has shown promise in identifying cognitive changes in those at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its applicability for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) detection in the Latin American population remains unexplored. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties in terms of validity and reliability and diagnostic performance of the LAS-FNAME for the detection of memory disorders in patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI)...

OBJECTIVE: Persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) experience motor and non-motor symptoms that may elicit stigmatization. We investigated whether online assessment would replicate in-person findings of younger age and depression as predictors of stigma perception. We further assessed the predictive value of anxiety, and compared predictors across four stigma measures. METHODS: The online study ( n  = 347), like the earlier in-person study ( n  = 362), used the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire stigma subscale (PDQ-39stigma )...

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AIM: Given the ever-increasing evidence for the co-occurrence of attention impairments and language disorders in chronic aphasia, this study aimed to compare the effects of two naming treatment programs, one with and one without attention training components, on the naming performance of participants with aphasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-subject crossover study in which six people with chronic aphasia and different degrees of naming and attention impairments participated...

We present adult normalized data for MindPulse (MP), a new tool evaluating attentional and executive functioning (AEF) in decision-making. We recruited 722 neurotypical participants (18-80 years), with 149 retested. The MP test includes three tasks: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), Go/No-go, and complex Go/No-go, involving perceptual components, motor responses, and measurements of reaction time (RT) and correctness. We compare responses, evaluating 14 cognitive indices (including new composite indices to describe AEF: Executive Speed and Reaction to Difficulty)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate and analyze the standard diagnostic methods for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: This study used a prospective case-control study to examine baseline data and diagnostic indicators in a population of elderly with MCI. Based on different cognitive abilities, this study divided MCI and healthy control groups. The diagnostic indicators included CDT, MOCA, MMSE, PSQI, MBI, DST, HAMD, AD-related blood markers, and olfactory testing...

Cognitive impairments are a common consequence in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compensatory cognitive training is a therapeutic strategy that offers alternative methods to manage cognitive deficits. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of compensatory cognitive training on cognitive function in people with TBI. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PEDro, Web of Science, REHABDATA, and EMBASE from inception until October 2023. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies...

In two studies we examined the potential of a simple emotion recognition task, the Morel Emotional Numbing Test (MENT), as a performance validity test (PVT) for autism-related cognitive difficulties in adulthood. The aim of a PVT is to indicate non-credible performance, which can aid the interpretation of psychological assessments. There are currently no validated PVTs for autism-related difficulties in adulthood. In Study 1, non-autistic university students (aged 18-46 years) were instructed to simulate that they were autistic during a psychological assessment (simulation condition; n  = 26)...

Objective: Cognitive deficits can impact daily functioning, general health, and psychological functioning. Multimodal group rehabilitation interventions designed for telehealth administration can optimally provide access and essential services for those who would otherwise not seek these services. We conducted a quality improvement project examining the feasibility and acceptability of Building Resilience and Improving Neurocognition (BRAIN), an eight-week multimodal telehealth cognitive rehabilitation group...

OBJECTIVE: To collect normative data for the Suite test, a virtual reality (VR) tool designed to assess memory processes. METHOD: The normative sample included 676 subjects (49.7% female), aged from 12 to 85 years. The Suite test comprises a 360-degree VR environment designed as a furniture shop, in which participants must group specific sets of furniture items (ordered by different families of customers) by clicking on the furniture to be packed following instructions from a voice-over...