Case Reports in Radiology

A 60-year-old female presented for further assessment of a new right breast lump (November 2020). She had a history of a stage I (T1bN0M0) right breast invasive mammary carcinoma, grade 2 (score 7/9) with receptors ER/PR-negative, HER2/neu-positive, diagnosed four years prior to her current presentation. At that time, she was treated with a right breast lumpectomy and local radiation. Breast assessment with contrast-enhanced mammography showed new skin thickening with associated enhancement within the palpable region...

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with a slow-growing palpable nodule on the left breast, confirmed as a well-defined opacity on mammography, corresponding to a 5 cm hyperechoic lesion on ultrasound, and considered, on the basis of clinical examination and radiological findings, to be consistent with a lipoma. One year later, the patient represented with an enlarged left breast mass and underwent further imaging investigation with subsequent diagnosis of primary breast angiosarcoma obtained via a Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy...

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal gynecologic malignancy. The incidence of ovarian cancer among female-to-male transsexuals receiving treatment with testosterone is unknown, and few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a recent case in our institution, a 23-year-old female-to-male transsexual patient who received testosterone supplementation. The patient underwent a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging to study an ovarian complex cyst that revealed the presence of a bilateral ovarian tumor with imaging features of borderline serous tumor...

We demonstrate a rare case of inferior mesenteric artery arteriovenous malformations leading to ischemic colitis in a 76-year-old female. Our patient presented with three months of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Colonoscopy displayed diffuse mucosal vascular congestion while CTA and MRA displayed AVMs in the region of the IMA; however, cohesive clinical agreement on AVM from multiple specialties was difficult given its rare occurrence and nonspecific clinical, histopathologic, and directly visualized findings...

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are dilated blood vessels which can develop sporadically or in familial form and are the commonest malformations of blood vessels in the spinal cord and brain. The familial form is an autosomal dominant gene mutation disorder. This condition can be diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan, but the modality of choice is MRI because of its high sensitivity. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman with an asymptomatic multiple familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM) which was previously misdiagnosed as multiple cerebral metastases on CT scan...

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare disorder associated with brain iron accumulation caused by a recessive mutation in pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2). We present a case of an 11 year-old boy presenting extrapyramidal signs and developmental regression. T2-weighted images showed the classic eye of the tiger sign seen in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.

Worldwide breast malignancy is the most common cancer in women; however, metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies are very rare and only a few sporadic cases are reported in the international literature. In this article, the authors report a case of a 73-year-old woman, who underwent nephrectomy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma and 3 years later presented with a breast metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type).

Fistulous communications between the ventricular cavities and the coronary arterial tree can be found in the presence of hypoplasia of the left ventricle, especially when the ventricular septum is intact and mitral stenosis and aortic atresia subtype are present. The cardiac CT provides excellent anatomic information especially in the evaluation of extracardiac vessels and coronary arteries. In this case study, we report a newborn with ventriculocoronary fistulas (VCFs) with the hypoplastic left disease diagnosed with cardiac CT...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in countries all over the world, and its prevalence has been increasing dramatically in recent years. Bariatric surgery is considered the gold standard of care for patients who failed conservative management. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is of increasing popularity. One of its vicious consequences is the development of acquired fistula between the stomach and the tracheobronchial tract due to intractable gastric leak...

The development of inoperable biliary obstruction in patients with liver, biliary, and pancreatic neoplasia is commonplace particularly in the advanced stages of these diseases. Under these circumstances, restoring bile flow to the gut is paramount in reestablishing homeostasis. Hitherto, this has been achieved by utilizing passive, gravity-dependent bilioenteric conduits with the use of perforated plastic catheters or metallic stents inserted either in a percutaneous transhepatic fashion or via endoscopic techniques...

A 65-year-old woman with a long surgical history was referred to our hospital's Colorectal Unit for ileostomy management. The patient retained an ileostomy for almost a decade after a series of complicated operations she had undergone, which had several side effects such as electrolyte imbalances, high output, weight loss, and a parastomal hernia. Our hospital's colorectal surgeon proposed to replace the ileostomy with a permanent sigmoidostomy and asked for an imaging evaluation of the parastomal hernia content before the surgery...

A rare case of recurrent basal cell carcinoma in the scalp that infiltrated multiple intracranial structures is presented. Basal cell carcinoma represents one of the most frequent malignant nonmelanotic skin neoplasms, but the majority of them have no aggressive and recurrent behaviour. The aim of this case report is to provide an overview of the main clinical and radiologic features of basal cell carcinoma, focusing on the conventional and advanced (tractography) MRI findings and providing an overview of treatment and prognosis...

Coalition is defined as abnormal bridging between two bones, and the connection can be osseous or nonosseous. Most coalitions in the foot involve the hindfoot. Intermetatarsal coalition is thought to be much rarer than the more common hindfoot coalitions and has only been reported sporadically in the orthopedic literature. We present two patients with nonosseous intermetatarsal coalition presenting with nonspecific dorsolateral foot pain and describe the imaging findings of intermetatarsal coalition with different modalities...

Fetus in fetu (FIF) is a very rare condition in which malformed fetus is found within the body of a living twin, most commonly within the retroperitoneum. It is a parasitic fetal twin of a diamniotic, monozygotic type. It should be differentiated from teratoma by the presence of organized vertebral column and appropriately arranged other organs or limbs around it. There is no such axial arrangement in teratoma, which has also got definite malignant potential. We report a case of FIF in a 21-year-old lady who presented late with nonspecific abdominal symptoms...

Neuroglial (glioependymal) cyst is a rare congenital tumor of the central nervous system usually found in childhood. It can be isolated or associated with other brain malformations. Magnetic resonance imaging is the technique of choice for making the diagnosis. We report the case of a 10-year-old child who presented with epileptic seizures revealing a neuroglial cyst and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.

A 31-year-old woman (7 months postpartum and lactating) with multiple sclerotic bone lesions was referred for an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan for characterization. The scan demonstrated unilateral diffuse intense FDG uptake corresponding to dense soft tissue in the right breast, likely related to secretory hyperplasia. On further questioning, it was made apparent that she had only been breastfeeding from the right breast. While the left breast also demonstrated dense soft tissue to a lesser degree, no significant FDG uptake was seen...

Computational tomography (CT) is a well-documented modality in the workup of proptosis. We present a case of proptosis due to increased orbital fat in an obese patient. We review the literature to discuss the most likely causes of increased orbital fat, and we discuss the utility of CT imaging in assessing this pathology.

The arc of Buhler (AOB) is a rare anatomical variant. Rupture of an AOB aneurysm is exceedingly rare. In this study, we report a case of AOB aneurysm rupture, which was successfully treated by transcatheter coil embolization. A 74-year-old man presented with symptomatic AOB aneurysm rupture. A computed tomography scan and subsequent angiography revealed the aberrant connection between the common hepatic artery and the superior mesenteric artery. A fusiform AOB aneurysm with focus of active bleeding was detected...

A 63-year-old presented with right lumbar pain and increased frequency of urination. Imaging revealed right internal iliac artery aneurysm causing hydroureteronephrosis and compressing the urinary bladder.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare and often misdiagnosed vascular pathology. In this paper, we discuss a 51-year-old female with MALS presenting with hypotension due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment approach for such patients. This case report demonstrates the utility of conventional mesenteric angiography, cone beam CT with 3D reconstruction, and selective mesenteric transarterial embolization as an effective treatment approach for patients with spontaneous aneurysm rupture in MALS...