Turyadi, Billy Witanto, Korri E El-Khobar, M Luthfi Parewangi, M Rezki Rasyak, Dhita P Wibowo, Meta D Thedja, Irawan Yusuf, Muh Nasrum Massi, Ilhamjaya Patellongi, Din Syafruddin, David H Muljono
Background: The host immune system plays an important role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection manifestation. Genetic polymorphisms of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF- α and IL-10, have been associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) progression, although with contradicting results. CHB progression can be categorized into four phases, immune tolerance (IT), immune clearance (IC), low/no replicative (LR), and e-negative hepatitis (ENH), with HBeAg seroconversion as an important milestone...
2022: International Journal of Hepatology