American Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

While the presence of incidental breast and lung masses on cardiac scans is well known, renal masses are often incidentally discovered as well on cardiac examinations, some of which are malignant. We searched the electronic medical record system over the past 18 years, since the system was installed, for patients with a cardiac rubidium-82 (82 Rb) rubidium PET/CT or technetium-99m (99m Tc) sestamibi SPECT/CT performed within 1 year of a renal-protocol CT or MR. Each PET/CT or SPECT/CT was examined for presence of a renal lesion on the attenuation-correction CT images...

BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of vascular age in the risk assessment of cardiovascular events and the presence of different methods for its estimation, this study aims to evaluate and compare vascular age according to coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) and carotid ultrasonography. METHODS: This study was conducted in Isfahan on patients who underwent CACS and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) assessments within 30 days. In patients who were candidates for CACS, calcium score was measured, then they were invited for carotid ultrasonography, and CIMT was measured...

Intracerebral hemorrhage is one of the types of stroke in patients with risk factors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the initial computed tomography (CT) scan findings, clinical manifestations and possible risk factors of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. This is a cross-sectional study that was performed in 2015-2022 on 900 patients with definite diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage. Data of patients were evaluated for patient's age, gender, clinical manifestations, primary radiologic signs in CT scan and possible risks factors for stroke...

When injected intravenously, [99m Tc]Tc-phytate forms particles in the nanometer range. This size can favor its extravasation into tumor and inflammation through pores of the vasculature. The aim of this work is the evaluation of the use of [99m Tc]Tc-phytate to assess sterile inflammation in mouse models. Biodistribution studies of [99m Tc]Tc-phytate were performed in two groups of male Swiss Albino mice. Sterile inflammation was induced after intramuscular injection of turpentine in the first group (chemically induced sterile inflammation model) and after implantation of sterile metal bolts in the second group (foreign-body induced sterile inflammation model)...

We performed this study to evaluate the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Exposure Rate (ER) of hyperthyroid patients treated with iodine-131 so that in case of any relationship, we can improve the prescribed dose for the treatment of hyperthyroid patients and its side effects on the body and the environment. In this analytical and cross-sectional study, 30 patients with hyperthyroidism treated with liquid iodine-131 were randomly selected. We recorded demographic indicators (age, height, and weight) and ER...

We present a case of abnormal findings on a Tc99m-Sestamibi parathyroid scan, post COVID-19 vaccination. The patient is a 48-year-old female presenting for evaluation of hyperparathyroidism who received the mRNA-1273 Moderna (ModernaTX, Inc.) vaccine seven days prior to the scan. The patient is right hand dominant and reported no traumatic events, inflammation, infection, or extraneous use of the left arm. The patient did report "soreness" of the extremity starting approximately 24 hours post injection which continued to the time of the study...

Developments within the field of image-guided surgery are ever expanding, driven by collective involvement of clinicians, researchers, and industry. While the general conception of the potential of image-guided surgery is to improve surgical outcome, the specific motives and goals that drive can differ between the different expert groups. To establish the current and future role of intra-operative image guidance within the field of image-guided surgery a Delphi consensus survey was conducted during the 2nd European Congress on Image-guided surgery...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in meningeal lesions due to rapid and accurate diagnosis and prevention of serious complications. The aim of the present study was to compare these two sequences after injection of a contrast agent into meningeal lesions. This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed in 2018-2020 on patients referred to the radiology ward with detection of any meningeal involvements in the MRI images. In addition to T1-W, FLAIR sequence imaging was also performed. Images were initially evaluated by two expert radiologists and a neurologist...

Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe and recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia due to defects in key genes involved in regulating insulin secretion. The delay in diagnosis and inappropriate management of HI lead to high risk of permanent hypoglycemic brain injury. The management of HI is challenging as each form of HI (focal, diffuse, and atypical) requires its own therapeutic strategy. In HI diagnostic work-up, integrated PET/CT scan is currently the first-line imaging technique allowing to differentiate between diffuse and focal form and, in the latter case, to localize the focus within the pancreas with high precision...

Positron emission tomography (PET) can accurately locate and quantify radioactivity over traditional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), encouraging its application in kidney function evaluation and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement. 68 Ga-ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (68 Ga-EDTA) is a novel PET tracer for renal scan but a mature GFR calculation method still pending establishment. Herein, we aim to investigate the imaging performance of 68 Ga-EDTA dynamic PET in healthy C57BL/6 mice, establish quantitative methods to calculate GFR, and evaluate its feasibility in mice with kidney dysfunction...

Nasal septal deviation causes the obstruction of the nasal lateral wall and sinus cavities as well as bringing some respiratory problems. Furthermore, the obstruction of the upper airway tract can cause changes in normal breathing process, which itself has an important effect on the normal development of both the mandibular and facial areas. This study aimed to assess the dimensions of airway in patients suffering from nasal septal deviation as well as comparing them with healthy individuals through CBCT images...

We used semi-quantitative grading of musculoskeletal ultrasound to evaluate wrist and hand lesions of subclinical synovitis, in order to make earlier diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. A total of 164 patients were included in this study. Physical examination and ultrasound examination were used to evaluate 30 joints of the wrist and hand. According to the clinical symptoms, the patients were divided into subclinical synovitis (SS) group and clinical synovitis (CS) group. The wrist and hand joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis between the two groups were evaluated by semi-quantitative grading of musculoskeletal ultrasound, including synovitis, Power Doppler signal, joint effusion and bone erosion...

Due to the advent of various biologics like antibodies, proteins, cells, viruses, and extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, progression, and as therapeutics, there exists a need to have a simple and ready to use radiolabeling synthon to enable noninvasive imaging trafficking studies. Previously, we reported [89 Zr]zirconium- p -isothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine ([89 Zr]Zr-DBN) as a synthon for the radiolabeling of biologics to allow PET imaging of cell trafficking. In this study, we focused on improving the molar activity (Am ) of [89 Zr]Zr-DBN, by enhancing 89 Zr production on a low-energy cyclotron and developing a new reverse phase HPLC method to purify [89 Zr]Zr-DBN...

Urinary tract infections in children can lead to permanent renal scarring in approximately 15% of cases. Technetium-99m (99m Tc)-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy is the gold standard for identifying renal scarring. Using data and scans from children enrolled at our center in a 2-year prospective clinical trial (RIVUR study), we included children with radiologically confirmed pyelonephritis who exhibited renal scarring on their 1 and/or 2-year follow-up scans and asked 3 blinded pediatric nuclear medicine physicians to reexamine the renal contours in these scans...

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) contributes to tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer by modulating cell proliferation and survival. This study evaluated the lead GSK-3 targeted PET radiotracers for neuro-PET imaging, [11 C]PF-367 and [11 C]OCM-44, in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that GSK-3α and GSK-3β were overexpressed in PANC-1 xenografts. In autoradiography studies, higher specific binding was observed for [3 H]PF-367 compared to [3 H]OCM-44 when co-incubated with unlabeled PF-367 (59...

Radionuclide-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors (FAPIs) are popular nuclear imaging probes in recent years. It's of great significance for tumor diagnosis and has great potential in tumor treatment. However, optimization of the probes is needed to further increase tumor uptake and prolong tumor retention for improved treatment efficacy and fewer side effects. In this issue of AJNMMI, Moon et al. reported two squaramide coupled FAPI conjugates (DOTA.(SA.FAPi)2 and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 ) and labeled them with 68 Ga...

Macromolecular crystallography is commonly used to determine the structure of biological macromolecules. Currently the beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities play an important role in macromolecular crystallography, and have produced an enormous number of molecular structures to help solve scientific questions and support applications. Structure information makes significant contributions to the virus-related research as well. However, it is mandatory to be protected the operators under a compatible biosafety infrastructure when a pathological agent is set up in a beamline...

INTRODUCTION: Evaluation of glomerular filtration rate is very important in both preclinical and clinical setting, especially in the context of chronic kidney disease. It is typically performed using 51 Cr-EDTA or by imaging with 123 I-Hippuran scintigraphy, which has a significantly lower resolution and sensitivity as compared to PET. 68 Ga-EDTA represents a valid alternative due to its quick availability using a 68 Ge/68 Ga generator, while PET/CT enables both imaging of renal function and accurate quantitation of clearance of activity from both plasma and urine...

The present study determined the optimal timing of scanning for measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) after acetazolamide (ACZ) administration for detection of preexisting cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in bilateral major cerebral artery steno-occlusive diseases. Thirty three patients underwent 15 O gas positron emission tomography (PET) and each parameter was obtained in the bilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories. CBF was also obtained using H2 15 O PET scanning performed at baseline and at 5, 15, and 30 min after ACZ administration...

While reduced global brain metabolism is known in aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD), small vessel disease (SVD) and delirium, explanation of regional brain metabolic (rBM) changes is a challenge. We hypothesized that this may be explained by "triage phenomenon", to preserve metabolic supply to vital brain areas. We studied changes in rBM in 69 patients with at least 5% decline in global brain metabolism during active lymphoma. There was significant decline in the rBM of the inferior parietal, precuneus, superior parietal, lateral occipital, primary visual cortices (P<0...