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JOURNAL ARTICLE
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March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carrie B Oser, Evan Batty, Marisa Booty, Kate Eddens, Hannah K Knudsen, Brea Perry, Maria Rockett, Michele Staton
INTRODUCTION: Three medications are Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD); however, these medications are underused within prisons, which elevates the risk of relapse and overdose when persons with opioid use disorder (POUD) are released. Research is scant regarding the multilevel factors associated with POUDs' willingness to initiate medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) while in prison and their continued engagement in treatment after release...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liv Cathrine Heggebø, Ida Maria Henriksen Borgen, Hillevi Rylander, Cecilie Kiserud, Tonje Haug Nordenmark, Taran Paulsen Hellebust, Morten Egeberg Evensen, Magnus Gustavsson, Christina Ramberg, Mette Sprauten, Henriette Magelssen, Hanne Blakstad, Janani Moorthy, Karin Andersson, Ingela Raunert, Thomas Henry, Cecilie Moe, Carin Granlund, Dorota Goplen, Jorunn Brekke, Tor-Christian Aase Johannessen, Tora Skeidsvoll Solheim, Kirsten Marienhagen, Øyvind Humberset, Per Bergström, Måns Agrup, Ludvig Dahl, Michael Gubanski, Helene Gojon, Carl-Johan Brahme, Isabelle Rydén, Asgeir S Jakola, Einar O Vik-Mo, Hanne C Lie, Lars Asphaug, Maziar Hervani, Ingrid Kristensen, Corina Silvia Rueegg, Inge C Olsen, Rolf J Ledal, Eskil Degsell, Katja Werlenius, Malin Blomstrand, Petter Brandal
INTRODUCTION: The use of proton therapy increases globally despite a lack of randomised controlled trials demonstrating its efficacy and safety. Proton therapy enables sparing of non-neoplastic tissue from radiation. This is principally beneficial and holds promise of reduced long-term side effects. However, the sparing of seemingly non-cancerous tissue is not necessarily positive for isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH )-mutated diffuse gliomas grade 2-3, which have a diffuse growth pattern...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Willie Hamilton, Luke Mounce, Gary A Abel, Sarah Gerard Dean, John L Campbell, Fiona C Warren, Anne Spencer, Antonieta Medina-Lara, Martin Pitt, Elizabeth Shephard, Marijke Shakespeare, Emily Fletcher, Adrian Mercer, Raff Calitri
INTRODUCTION: The UK has worse cancer outcomes than most comparable countries, with a large contribution attributed to diagnostic delay. Electronic risk assessment tools (eRATs) have been developed to identify primary care patients with a ≥2% risk of cancer using features recorded in the electronic record. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in English primary care. Individual general practices will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to intervention (provision of eRATs for six common cancer sites) or to usual care...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quang Nguyen, William Woof, Nathaniel Kabiri, Sagnik Sen, Malena Daich Varela, Thales Antonio Cabral De Guimaraes, Mital Shah, Dayyanah Sumodhee, Ismail Moghul, Saoud Al-Khuzaei, Yichen Liu, Catherine Hollyhead, Bhavna Tailor, Loy Lobo, Carl Veal, Stephen Archer, Jennifer Furman, Gavin Arno, Manuel Gomes, Kaoru Fujinami, Savita Madhusudhan, Omar A Mahroo, Andrew R Webster, Konstantinos Balaskas, Susan M Downes, Michel Michaelides, Nikolas Pontikos
INTRODUCTION: Inherited retinal diseases (IRD) are a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the working age population. Mutations in over 300 genes have been found to be associated with IRDs and identifying the affected gene in patients by molecular genetic testing is the first step towards effective care and patient management. However, genetic diagnosis is currently slow, expensive and not widely accessible. The aim of the current project is to address the evidence gap in IRD diagnosis with an AI algorithm, Eye2Gene, to accelerate and democratise the IRD diagnosis service...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ning Qin, Ziyu Wan, Yue Kang, Yating Luo, Yinglong Duan, Jianfei Xie, Andy Sk Cheng
INTRODUCTION: Cancer diagnosis and treatment can impair fertility, and younger female patients with cancer have a particularly strong need for fertility preservation. Fertility preservation decision aids are thought to help patients make proactive and informed treatment decisions. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of online fertility preservation decision aids for young female patients with cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO and CHINAL, along with three grey literature sources (Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michel Najjar, Sara Albuaini, Mohammad Fadel, Ahmad Aljbawi, Yara AlAwad, Fatema Mohsen
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, outcomes and overall survival time of patients with COVID-19 with and without comorbidities. DESIGN: Retrospective design. SETTING: This study was undertaken at two hospitals in Damascus. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 515 Syrian patients met the inclusion criterion, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection following the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leah M Ranney, Sonia A Clark, Kristen L Jarman, Allison J Lazard, Sarah D Kowitt, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Guido Baler, James F Thrasher, Adam O Goldstein
OBJECTIVE: Many countries have adopted warning labels for combustible tobacco products, yet little research exists describing tobacco warning characteristics globally and to what extent they meet the WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) Guidelines. This study evaluates characteristics of combustible tobacco warnings. DESIGN: We conducted a content analysis to describe the overall landscape of warnings using descriptive statistics and compared to the WHO FCTC Guidelines...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dennis Schou Graversen, Anette Fischer Pedersen, Morten Bondo Christensen, Fredrik Folke, L Huibers
OBJECTIVES: We aim to explore undertriage and overtriage in a high-risk patient population and explore patient characteristics and call characteristics associated with undertriage and overtriage in both randomly selected and in high-risk telephone calls to out-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC). DESIGN: Natural quasi-experimental cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two Danish OOH-PC services using different telephone triage models: a general practitioner cooperative with GP-led triage and the medical helpline 1813 with computerised decision support system-guided nurse-led triage...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linda Bauld, Alice Street, Roxanne Connelly, Imogen Bevan, Yazmin Morlet Corti, Mats Stage Baxter, Helen R Stagg, Sarah Christison, Tamara Mulherin, Lesley Sinclair, Tim Aitman
OBJECTIVES: To explore the acceptability of regular asymptomatic testing for SARS-CoV-2 on a university campus using saliva sampling for PCR analysis and the barriers and facilitators to participation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys and qualitative semistructured interviews. SETTING: Edinburgh, Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: University staff and students who had registered for the testing programme (TestEd) and provided at least one sample...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Systematic review protocol on workplace equality and inclusion practices in the healthcare sector.
Siobhan Ni Luasa, Nuala Ryan, Raymond Lynch
INTRODUCTION: While equality and inclusion practices in healthcare have been advanced from a service user perspective, little is known about the application of workplace equality and inclusion practices in healthcare on upper-middle-income and high-income countries. In the developed world, the composition of the healthcare workforce is changing, with nationals and non-nationals working 'side-by-side' suggesting that healthcare organisations must have robust and meaningful workplace equality and inclusion practices...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Boath, Luke Vale, Louise Hayes, John Allotey, Nicola Heslehurst
INTRODUCTION: Women and their infants are at increased risk of complications if gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) occurs in pregnancy. Weight management interventions in pregnancy, consisting of diet and physical activity components are targeted based on maternal body mass index (BMI). However, the relative effectiveness of interventions targeted based on alternative measures of adiposity to BMI is unclear. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis aims to explore whether interventions are more effective at preventing GDM and reducing GWG in women according to their level of adiposity...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zixuan Ma, Jiyuan Hui, Chun Yang, Jiyao Jiang, L I Xie, Junfeng Feng
INTRODUCTION: The elderly population is more vulnerable to traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with younger adults, and there is an increasing trend in TBI-related hospitalisations and deaths in the elderly due to the ageing global population. This is a thorough update to a previous meta-analysis on the mortality of elderly TBI patients. Our review will include more recent studies and provide a comprehensive analysis of risk factors. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The protocol of our systematic review and meta-analysis is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria E Bleil, Glenn I Roisman, Steven E Gregorich, Bradley M Appelhans, Robert A Hiatt, Robert C Pianta, Anna L Marsland, George M Slavich, Alexis S Thomas, Winnie S Yeung, Cathryn Booth-LaForce
PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study, The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Health in Early and Adult Life (SHINE), was to build on the landmark Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD), a longitudinal birth cohort initiated in 1991, by conducting a health-focused follow-up of the now adult participants. This effort has produced an invaluable resource for the pursuit of life course research examining links between early life risk and resilience factors and adulthood health and disease risk...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeanne-Marie Nollen, Anja H Brunsveld-Reinders, Wilco C Peul, Wouter R van Furth
OBJECTIVES: To explore the perceptions and experiences of patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary gland and (para)sellar tumour surgery regarding indwelling urinary catheters (IDUCs) and the postoperative fluid balance. DESIGN: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews based on the attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy model and expert knowledge. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary gland tumour surgery and received an IDUC during or after surgery...
March 20, 2023: BMJ Open
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Bartoskova Polcrova, Ramfis Nieto-Martinez, Jeffrey I Mechanick, Geraldo A Maranhao Neto, Maria M Infante-Garcia, Hynek Pikhart, Martin Bobak, Jose Medina-Inojosa, Juan P Gonzalez-Rivas
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the relationships of social determinants with cardiometabolic risk in different socioeconomic contexts: sociopolitically unstable Venezuela (VE) and stable Czechia (CZ). DESIGN: cross-sectional analysis involving two population-based studies. SETTING: Brno, Czechia and 23 cities of Venezuela. PARTICIPANTS: 25-64 years old subjects from CZ (2013-2014, n=1579, 56% females) and VE (2014-2017, n=1652, 70% females)...
March 17, 2023: BMJ Open
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivana Stankov, Rosie Mae Henson, Irene Headen, Jonathan Purtle, Brent A Langellier
INTRODUCTION: Food systems can shape dietary behaviour and obesity outcomes in complex ways. Qualitative systems mapping using causal loop diagrams (CLDs) can depict how people understand the complex dynamics, inter-relationships and feedback characteristic of food systems in ways that can support policy planning and action. To date, there has been no attempt to review this literature. The objectives of this review are to scope the extent and nature of studies using qualitative systems mapping to facilitate the development of CLDs by stakeholders to understand food environments, including settings and populations represented, key findings and the methodological processes employed...
March 17, 2023: BMJ Open
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean Juste Harrisson Bashingwa, Diwakar Mohan, Sara Chamberlain, Kerry Scott, Osama Ummer, Anna Godfrey, Nicola Mulder, Deshendran Moodley, Amnesty Elizabeth LeFevre
OBJECTIVES: Direct to beneficiary (D2B) mobile health communication programmes have been used to provide reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health information to women and their families in a number of countries globally. Programmes to date have provided the same content, at the same frequency, using the same channel to large beneficiary populations. This manuscript presents a proof of concept approach that uses machine learning to segment populations of women with access to phones and their husbands into distinct clusters to support differential digital programme design and delivery...
March 17, 2023: BMJ Open
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaojin Feng, Ningning Hou, Zhenna Chen, Jing Liu, Xue Li, Xiaodong Sun, Yongping Liu
OBJECTIVES: To assess the characteristics of the global death burden imposed by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019 to help inform a framework for policy discussions, resource allocation and research priorities. DESIGN: A population-based observational study. SETTING: The death data and relative risk factors were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Based on the GBD database, we estimated the death burden attributable to CKD stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI), geographic location, sex, age group, time period and risk factors from 1990 to 2019...
March 17, 2023: BMJ Open
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mette van de Meent, Dianne G Kleuskens, Wessel Ganzevoort, Sanne J Gordijn, Elisabeth M W Kooi, Wes Onland, Bas B van Rijn, Johannes J Duvekot, René F Kornelisse, Salwan Al-Nasiry, Reint K Jellema, H Marieke Knol, Gwendolyn T R Manten, Susanne M Mulder-de Tollenaer, Jan B Derks, Floris Groenendaal, Mireille N Bekker, Ewoud Schuit, A Titia Lely, Judith Kooiman
INTRODUCTION: Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) requires timely, often preterm, delivery to prevent fetal hypoxia causing stillbirth or neurologic impairment. Antenatal corticosteroids (CCS) administration reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality following preterm birth, most effectively when administered within 1 week preceding delivery. Optimal timing of CCS administration is challenging in early-onset FGR, as the exact onset and course of fetal hypoxia are unpredictable...
March 17, 2023: BMJ Open
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